''Sachatamia'' is a small genus of glass frogs. They are found in Central America (

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

) and northern South America (

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

and northwestern

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

) at altitudes below

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level ...

. The generic name ''Sachatamia'' is derived from the

Quichua Kichwa (, , also Spanish ) is a Quechuan language that includes all Quechua varieties of Ecuador and Colombia ('' Inga''), as well as extensions into Peru. It has an estimated half million speakers. Classification Kichwa belongs to the Nor ...

words ''sacha'' for "forest" and ''tamia'' for "rain". This is a reference to the tropical rainforest habitat of these frogs. ''Sachatamia'' inhabit rainforests. The males call while sitting on leaves or rocks. The pigmented eggs are deposited on leaves or rocks.

Description

''Sachatamia'' have moderate to extensive webbing between third and fourth fingers. The dorsum is lavender in preserved individuals and may have spots. Internal features include green bones (in live specimens), lobed liver that is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum, whereas the ventral

parietal peritoneum The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothe ...

is white in its anterior part and transparent in its poster part. The digestive tract is translucent. In terms of osteology, ''Sachatamia'' possess

vomer The vomer (; ) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms ...

ine teeth and

quadratojugal bone The quadratojugal is a skull bone present in many vertebrates, including some living reptiles and amphibians. Anatomy and function In animals with a quadratojugal bone, it is typically found connected to the jugal (cheek) bone from the front and ...

that is articulating with

maxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ...

. The humeral spines are present in adult males of some of the species. While distinct from most other glass frogs, there are no characters that could unambiguously place a species in ''Sachatamia'' or in the genus ''

Rulyrana ''Rulyrana'' is a small genus of glass frogs. They are found in South America, on the Amazonian slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Bolivia, as well as on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central (Colombia), Cordillera Central ...

''; genetic data are needed for an unambiguous allocation. The two genera, however, have disjunct distribution areas (''Rulyrana'' are found in the

Amazon Basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries ...

while ''Sachatamia'' are not found further east than the Colombian

Cordillera Central Central Cordillera refers to the New Guinea Highlands. Cordillera Central, meaning ''central range'' in Spanish, may refer to the following mountain ranges: * Cordillera Central, Andes (disambiguation), several mountain ranges in South America ** ...

Species

There are four species: * '' Sachatamia albomaculata'' (Taylor, 1949) * ''Sachatamia electrops'' (Rada, Jeckel, Caorsi, Barrientos, Rivera-Correa, and Grant, 2017) * ''

Sachatamia ilex ''Sachatamia'' is a small genus of glass frogs. They are found in Central America (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama) and northern South America (Colombia and northwestern Ecuador) at altitudes below above sea level. The generic name ''S ...

'' (Savage, 1967) * '' Sachatamia orejuela'' (Duellman and Burrowes, 1989) * ''

Sachatamia punctulata ''Sachatamia punctulata'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is endemic to the Cordillera Central, Colombia, in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, and Tolima. Its natural habitats are tropical humid and sub-Andean forest ...

'' (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995) The AmphibiaWeb places ''Sachatamia orejuela'' in the genus ''

''.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3460918 Glass frogs Amphibian genera Amphibians of Central America Amphibians of South America