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''Saccharum'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of tall
perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...
plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family. The genus is widespread across
tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...
,
subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...
, and warm
temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...
regions in
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
,
Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...
,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
, the
Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...
, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera ''Eriochrysis'' P. Beauv., ''Imperata'' Cirillo and ''Saccharum'' L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105. ''Saccharum'' includes the
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...
s. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in
sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...
, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial
cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...
s are complex hybrids.


Species

,
Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...
accepted the following species: * '' Saccharum alopecuroidum'' (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum angustifolium'' (Nees) Trin. - South America * '' Saccharum asperum'' (Nees) Steud. - South America * '' Saccharum baldwinii'' Spreng. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum beccarii'' (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra * '' Saccharum brevibarbe'' (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum coarctatum'' (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum contortum'' (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA * '' Saccharum fallax'' Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia * '' Saccharum filifolium'' Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas * '' Saccharum formosanum'' (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China * '' Saccharum giganteum'' (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina * '' Saccharum griffithii'' Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh * '' Saccharum intermedium'' Welker & Peichoto * '' Saccharum kajkaiense'' (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan * '' Saccharum longesetosum'' (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina * '' Saccharum maximum'' (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands * '' Saccharum narenga'' (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia * '' Saccharum officinarum'' L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places * '' Saccharum robustum'' Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea * '' Saccharum rufipilum'' Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina * '' Saccharum sikkimense'' (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas * ''Saccharum'' × ''sinense'' Roxb. – China * '' Saccharum spontaneum'' L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia * '' Saccharum stewartii'' Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas * '' Saccharum velutinum'' (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia * '' Saccharum villosum'' Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica * '' Saccharum wardii'' (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar * '' Saccharum williamsii'' (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal Placed in '' Lasiorhachis'' by Plants of the World Online : * ''Saccharum hildebrandtii'' (Hack.) Clayton → '' Lasiorhachis hildebrandtii'' * ''Saccharum perrieri'' (A.Camus) Clayton. → '' Lasiorhachis perrieri'' * ''Saccharum viguieri'' (A.Camus) Clayton → '' Lasiorhachis viguieri'' Placed in '' Tripidium'' by Plants of the World Online : * ''Saccharum arundinaceum'' Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → '' Tripidium arundinaceum'' * ''Saccharum bengalense'' Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → '' Tripidium bengalense'' * ''Saccharum kanashiroi'' (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands → '' Tripidium kanashiroi'' * ''Saccharum procerum'' Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina → '' Tripidium procerum'' * ''Saccharum ravennae'' (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa → '' Tripidium ravennae'' * ''Saccharum strictum'' (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran → '' Tripidium strictum''


Formerly included

Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: '' Andropogon, Chloris, Digitaria,
Eriochrysis ''Eriochrysis'' is a genus of African and Neotropical plants in the Poaceae, grass family. ; Species * ''Eriochrysis brachypogon'' (Stapf) Stapf - tropical + southern Africa - from Senegal to Eswatini * ''Eriochrysis cayennensis'' P.Beauv. - tro ...
, Eulalia, Gynerium, Hemarthria, Imperata, Lophopogon, Melinis, Miscanthus, Panicum, Pappophorum, Paspalum, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena''.


See also

* Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia


References


External links

{{Authority control Poaceae genera Andropogoneae