SZD-10 Czapla
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The SZD-10 Czapla (''
Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny Szybowcowy Zakład Doświadczalny (SZD), ''Glider Experimental Works'' was a glider aircraft, glider design and research centre of the Polish aerospace industry after World War II, located in Bielsko-Biała. Through its history it underwent many o ...
'' - Glider Experimental Works) was a two-seat training
glider aircraft A glider is a fixed-wing aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose gliding flight, free flight does not depend on an engine. Most gliders do not have an engine, although mot ...
that was designed and built in
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
from 1953.


Development

The Czapla (''Heron'') was a
tandem Tandem, or in tandem, is an arrangement in which two or more animals, machines, or people are lined up one behind another, all facing in the same direction. ''Tandem'' can also be used more generally to refer to any group of persons or objects w ...
two-seat training glider, with a strut- supported, forward-swept, high-set wing and a welded steel tube fuselage with fabric covering. Design of the Czapla commenced in 1952 to the order of the ''Soldier's Friends' League'' paramilitary organization, to enable aeroclubs to train glider pilots in a two-seat trainee/instructor system. Main designers were Roman Zatwarnicki, Irena Kaniewska and Marian Gracz. The Czapla was designed to be launched by bungee, winch or aero-tow, and the prototype first flew on 23 November 1953, demonstrating the need for several improvements, which were introduced in the second prototype (flown on 26 March 1954) and the production model SZD-10bis Czapla. Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy. ''Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973'' (Polish aerospace industry 1945-197). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo MON, 1974, p. 122 Production was carried out from 1955 at ZSLS (''ZSLS'' - sport aviation equipment workshops) in
Krosno Krosno (in full ''The Royal Free City of Krosno'', ) is a historical town and Krosno County, county in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. The estimated population of the town is 47,140 inhabitants as of 2014. The functional ...
,
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,
Bielsko Bielsko (, ) was until 1950 an independent town situated in Cieszyn Silesia, Poland. In 1951 it was joined with Biała Krakowska to form the new town of Bielsko-Biała. Bielsko constitutes the western part of that town. Bielsko was founded by ...
and
Poznań Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's ...
and the Military Repair workshop at
Łódź Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located south-west of Warsaw. Łódź has a population of 655,279, making it the country's List of cities and towns in Polan ...
, with Czapla being used for everyday club flying up to the early 1980s, Krzyżan, Marian, ''Samoloty w muzeach polskich'' (Aircraft in the Polish museums), Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, 1983, , p. 138 and exported to
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and
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.


Variants

*SZD-10-2 Czapla – two prototypes *SZD-10bis Czapla – 19 production aircraft *SZD-10bis A Czapla – 136 production aircraft, first flew in June 1958


Specifications (SZD-10bis Czapla)


See also


References

*Taylor, J. H. (ed) (1989) ''Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation''. Studio Editions: London. p. 29


External links

*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mOxE3ZbVbE *http://www.airplane-pictures.net/type.php?p=2121 *http://muzeumlotnictwa.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=90&w=a *http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pszd10.htm *http://www.aeroklub.wroc.pl/node/114 *http://www.aeroklub.wroc.pl/node/115 *http://www.aeroklub.wroc.pl/node/38 *http://www.aeroklub.wroc.pl/node/126 *http://www.aeroklub.wroc.pl/node/124 {{Polish gliders 1950s Polish sailplanes SZD10 SZD aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1953