SS Northland

SS ''Zeeland'' was a British and Belgian ocean liner of the International Mercantile Marine Co. (IMM). She was a sister ship to and a near sister ship to and of the same company. Although her name was Dutch, it was changed during World War I to the less German-sounding SS ''Northland''. She served for a time as a British troop ship under the name HMT ''Northland''. Reverting to ''Zeeland'' after the war, the ship was renamed SS ''Minnesota'' late in her career. ''Zeeland'' sailed primarily for IMM's Red Star Line for most of her early career, but also sailed under charter for the White Star Line (later White Star-Dominion), the International Navigation Company, the American Line, and the Atlantic Transport Line, all IMM subsidiary lines.
The pursers safe survived the scrapyard at Inverkeithing and after residing in a wardrobe for 80 years is currently on display in a local private home.

Early career

In July 1899, the Red Star Line announced plans for the construction of four large steamers. Two ships, and ''Zeeland'' at John Brown & Company of Clydebank in Scotland, and two others, and , were to be built at William Cramp & Sons in Philadelphia.Bonsor, p. 840. After being launched on 24 November 1900, ''Zeeland'' made her maiden voyage from Antwerp to New York on 13 April 1901, sailing under the British flag.Bonsor, p. 855.

''Zeeland'' began regular service on the Antwerp–New York route sailing opposite of ''Vaderland'', and when they were completed in 1902, ''Kroonland'' and ''Finland''. In April 1910, ''Zeeland'' was chartered to the White Star Line for service between Liverpool and Boston, where she remained until September 1911. The following month, ''Zeeland'' was returned to the Antwerp–New York service for Red Star. In July 1912 the liner was reflagged as a Belgian ship; she remained on the same route, and continued sailing for the Red Star Line.

World War I

After the August 1914 outbreak of World War I, ''Zeeland'' was reflagged as a British ship, and sailed from Liverpool to New York in September. Shifting to the White Star-Dominion Line, ''Zeeland'' first sailed from Liverpool to Quebec and Montreal in November, and from Liverpool to Halifax and Portland in December and January 1915. In early 1915, ''Zeeland'', though her name was Dutch, was renamed to the less German-sounding SS ''Northland''. Sailing for the International Navigation Company, the liner continued on the Liverpool–Halifax–Portland service through June before returning to the Liverpool–Quebec–Montreal route.

After a period when she was taken up as a British troop ship, under the name HMT ''Northland'', the liner returned for service under the White Star-Dominion Line in August 1916. In April 1917, ''Northland'' began Liverpool–Halifax service, eventually making seven roundtrips on that route.

Late career

In February 1919, SS ''Northland'' began sailing from Liverpool to Philadelphia for the American Line through June 1919. After a refurbishment, the liner was returned to her former name, ''Zeeland''; to the Red Star Line; and to Antwerp–New York service (with intermediate stops in Southampton) in August 1920. In April 1923, ''Zeeland'' was converted to cabin- and third-class passenger service only. ''Zeeland'' began her last Red Star voyage on 8 October 1926. Transferred to the Atlantic Transport Line in 1927, the liner was renamed SS ''Minnesota'' and began tourist service between London and New York in April. After making her last voyage in September 1929, ''Minnesota'' was sold and scrapped at Thos. W. Ward Inverkeithing in 1930.

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References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zeeland (1901)
Ships built on the River Clyde
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Passenger ships of Belgium
World War I passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Troop ships of the United Kingdom
1900 ships