SS Norge

SS ''Norge'' () was a transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1881 in Scotland, and lost in 1904 off Rockall with great loss of life. Her final voyage was from Copenhagen, Kristiania and Kristiansand, bound for New York, carrying passengers many of whom were emigrants. It was the biggest civilian maritime disaster in the Atlantic Ocean until the sinking of ''Titanic'' eight years later, and is still the largest loss of life from a Danish merchant ship.

History

Alexander Stephen and Sons of Linthouse, Glasgow built the ship in 1881 as ''Pieter de Coninck'' for the Belgian company Theodore C. Engels & Co of Antwerp. She was and , and her 1,400- ihp engine gave a speed of . She could carry a maximum of 800 passengers.

In 1889, she was sold to a Danish company, A/S Dampskibs-selskabet Thingvalla, for its Stettin-Copenhagen-Kristiania-Kristiansand-New York service and renamed ''Norge''. On 20 August 1898, ''Norge'' collided with the French fishing brigantine ''La Coquette'' in a fog. ''La Coquette'' broke in two and sank, and 16 of the 25 crew aboard drowned. After financial difficulties, Thingvalla was bought in 1898 by Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (DFDS), Copenhagen, which served the route as "Scandinavia-America Line". By then, the capacity of ''Norge'' was 1,100 passengers; 50 first class, 150 second class, and 900 third class.

Final voyage

On 22 June 1904, ''Norge'' left Copenhagen under the command of Captain Valdemar Johannes Gundel. After taking on Norwegian emigrants at Kristiania and Kristiansand, the ship set course across the Atlantic Ocean, travelling north of Scotland to New York City. She was carrying a crew of 68 and 727 passengers. Among the steerage passengers, there were 296 Norwegians, 236 Russians, 79 Danes, 68 Swedes, and 15 Finns. Half of the steerage passengers had prepaid tickets, paid for by relatives living in the United States.

On 28 June, ''Norge'' ran aground on Hasselwood Rock, Helen's Reef, close to Rockall, in foggy weather. She was reversed off the rock after a few minutes, but the collision had ripped holes in the hull, and water began pouring into the hold. The crew of the ''Norge'' began lowering the lifeboats, but the first two lowered were destroyed by waves. Of the eight lifeboats on board, only five were successfully launched.Page 7
/ref> Many passengers jumped overboard, only to drown. The ''Norge'' sank twelve minutes after the collision. Captain Gundal stayed with the ship as it sank, but managed to swim to one of the lifeboats.

According to author Per Kristian Sebak's comprehensive account, more than 635 people died during the sinking, among them 225 Norwegians. The first survivors to be rescued, a group of 26, were found by the Grimsby trawler ''Sylvia''. Thirty-two more were picked up by the British steamship ''Cervonax'', and 70, including Captain Gundal, by the German steamship ''Energie''. Some of the 160 survivors spent up to eight days in open lifeboats before rescue. Several more people died in the days that followed rescue, as a result of their exposure to the elements and swallowing salt water. Among the survivors was the poet Herman Wildenvey.

Wreck today

The disaster remains the worst in Danish maritime history. The wreck of ''Norge'' was found off Rockall in July 2003 in of water.

See also

* List of United Kingdom disasters by death toll

References

Further reading

*

External links

Extensive site covering the catastrophe, in Norwegian



* ttp://homepages.rootsweb.com/~norway/na26.html Journal of American Ethnic History
SS Norge passenger list

{{DEFAULTSORT:Norge
1881 ships
August 1898
Danish-American history
DFDS
History of immigration to the United States
June 1904
Maritime incidents in 1898
Maritime incidents in 1904
Norwegian-American history
Passenger ships of Belgium
Passenger ships of Denmark
Ships built on the River Clyde
Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Steamships of Belgium
Steamships of Denmark