SS Calgaric

SS ''Calgaric'' was a steam ocean liner that was completed in 1917, assumes service in 1918 and scrapped in 1934. She was built for the Pacific SN Co Line as ''Orca''. In 1923 she was transferred to the Royal Mail Line. In 1927 she was transferred to White Star Line and renamed ''Calgaric''.

''Orca'' was the third of three sister ships built for Pacific Steam. The first was , launched in 1913, and the second was , launched in 1914.

Building

Harland & Wolff built ''Orca'' at Belfast during the First World War. She was yard number 442, built on slipway number 7. She was launched on 5 April 1917 and delivered to Pacific Steam on 25 May 1918.

''Orca'' had the same dimensions and engines as ''Orduña'' and ''Orbita''. Her registered length was , her beam was and her depth was . She also had the same propulsion system. She had three screws and a propulsion system called "combination machinery". Her port and starboard screws were each powered by a four-cylinder triple expansion engine. Exhaust steam from this pair of reciprocating engines drove a low-pressure turbine, which powered her middle screw. Between them the three engines developed a total of 11,900 ihp and gave ''Orca'' a speed of .

Pacific Steam Navigation Company

''Orca'' was planned as an ocean liner for Pacific Steam's passenger service between Britain and the west coast of South America. However, for war service the Shipping Controller had her completed as a cargo ship, without her passenger superstructure.

Pacific Steam registered her in Liverpool. Her official number was 140579 and her code letters were JTLW.

Royal Mail Steam Packet Company

In 1921 ''Orca'' returned to Harland & Wolff for her passenger superstructure to be added. She was given berths for 890 passengers: 190 first class, 220 second class and 480 third class. Her public rooms included an entrance hall and First Class lounge decorated in Louis XVI style, a First Class dining room in early Georgian style, and a Smoking Room in Elizabethan style, complete with fireplace. To ascend or descend between decks, passengers had a choice of electric elevators, or a staircase lit by a domed skylight.

By the time the refit had been completed at the end of 1922, the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co had full control of Pacific Steam, and ''Orca'' and her two sisters were transferred to the RMSP fleet. She finally started her passenger maiden voyage, on 3 January 1923, sailing from Southampton ''via'' Hamburg to New York. Thence until March 1923 she operated two "off-season" cruises the Caribbean before reverting to liner service. A few years later, RMSP used ''Orca'' for the company's first "Great African Cruise".

White Star Line

In 1926 RMSP took over White Star Line, and ''Orca'' was one of several RMSP ships transferred to the White Star fleet. She was refitted again, second class was renamed "tourist class", and her accommodation was increased to a total of 1,170 passengers: 290 first class, 550 tourist class and 330 third class. White Star ran services to Canada, so ''Orca'' was renamed ''Calgaric'' after the city of Calgary in Alberta.

On 4 May 1927 she started her first voyage for White Star, sailing from Liverpool to the east coast of Canada. She continued to do a lot of cruising as well as her liner work. In 1929 White Star transferred her from its Liverpool – Canada service to its London – Canada service.

The Great Depression that started in 1929 caused a Global slump in shipping. ''Calgaric'' was laid up from 1930 until 1933.

1933 voyages

In June 1933 ''Calgaric'' returned to service for a single transatlantic crossing from Liverpool to Montreal. Thereafter she made a few cruises.

The Scout Association chartered ''Calgaric'' to take scoutmasters and Guide mistresses on a Baltic cruise in August 1933. Passengers included the Baden-Powell family, about 100 Scoutmasters, 475 Guide mistresses, and 80 non-Scouts and Guides – presumably their spouses. There were 85 men and 570 women – some of the Wolf Cub Akelas were women.

The cruise began from Southampton on Saturday 12 August and ended at Liverpool on 29 August. Her itinerary was Rotterdam, the Kiel Canal, Gdynia, Klaipėda, Riga, Tallinn, Helsinki, Stockholm, Oslo, the Pentland Firth and Oban.

Fate

In 1934 ''Calgaric'' was assigned the new four-letter wireless telegraph call sign GLTR to replace her former code letters. On 10 May Cunard Line took over the ailing White Star to form Cunard-White Star Line. By then ''Calgaric'' had been laid up again. She was sold for scrap, and on Christmas Day 1934 she arrived at Rosyth in Scotland for Metal Industries, Limited to break her up.

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Calgaric
1917 ships
Ocean liners
Passenger ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Belfast
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Ships of the White Star Line
Steamships of the United Kingdom