SS British Queen
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

''British Queen'' was a British
passenger liner A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passengers on the sea. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freig ...
that was the second steamship completed for the transatlantic route when she was commissioned in 1839. She was the largest passenger ship in the world from 1839 to 1840, then being passed by the . She was named in honour of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...
and owned by the
British and American Steam Navigation Company British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and cultur ...
. ''British Queen'' would have been the first transatlantic steamship had she not been delayed by 18 months because of the liquidation of the firm originally contracted to build her engine. As the largest ship in the world, ''British Queen'' was roomier and more comfortable than her contemporaries. She never won the
Blue Riband The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest Velocity, average speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until ...
but matched ''Great Western's'' westbound speeds from 1838 through 1840 and was less than a half of a knot slower eastbound. After completing nine round trip voyages, ''British Queen'' was laid up in 1841 when British-American steam navigation traffic collapsed due to the loss of the ''President'' with all on board. She was sold to the Belgian Government for an
Antwerp Antwerp (; ; ) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of Antwerp Province, and the third-largest city in Belgium by area at , after ...
-
Cowes Cowes () is an England, English port, seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight. Cowes is located on the west bank of the estuary of the River Medina, facing the smaller town of East Cowes on the east bank. The two towns are linked b ...
-
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...
service that began in 1842. However, this proved unsuccessful and she was laid up again after three round trip voyages. ''British Queen'' was lightly built and was scrapped in 1844 when no further use was found for the pioneer liner.


Development and design

The plan outlined in British and American's prospectus called for placing four 1,200 GRT ships on the London-New York route with fortnightly departures in each direction. However, the size of the company's first unit was increased to 1,850 GRT after it became known that Great Western ordered a 1,350 GRT ship for its first liner. As designed by Macgregor Laird, ''British Queen'' was fitted for 207 passengers as compared to ''Great Western's'' 148 passengers. At 30 feet wide, her saloon was 9 feet wider than ''Great Western's''. Laird contracted with Curling and Young of London to build the hull, and intended to retain the Scottish engineer, Robert Napier to build the engine. However, Napier's bid of £20,000 was deemed too high, and another Scottish engine builder, Claud Girdwood tendered a lower price. Unfortunately, Girdwood's firm failed before completing the work and Napier's firm was then retained to build the engine. The delay cost British and American a critical 18 months while work on ''Great Western'' continued. Originally, the first British and American liner was to be named ''Royal Victoria'' after Princess Victoria, but the name was changed to ''British Queen'' when the ship was launched on 24 May 1838 because Victoria had just ascended to the throne. When the new ship was towed to Scotland to have her engine installed, it was determined that the hull was not strong enough and Napier installed extra bracing.


Service history

''British Queen'' left London for her maiden voyage to
New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...
on 11 July 1839 and stopped at
Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Hampshire, England. Most of Portsmouth is located on Portsea Island, off the south coast of England in the Solent, making Portsmouth the only city in En ...
before entering the Atlantic. Fully booked with passengers including
Samuel Cunard Sir Samuel Cunard, 1st Baronet (21 November 1787 – 28 April 1865), was a British-Canadian shipping magnate, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who founded the Cunard Line, establishing the first scheduled steamship connection with North America. ...
, she arrived 15 and a half days later.Bernard Dumpleton, "The Story of the Paddle Steamer", 1973, The Uffington Press, ''British Queen'' cleared New York for her return on 1 August, within an hour of ''Great Western'' and arrived at Portsmouth on the 15th. Both ships steamed about the same number of miles each day before ''Great Western'' anchored at Avonmouth. ''British Queen'' completed two additional round trips in 1839 and five in 1840. Her captain claimed that her May 1840 westbound voyage of 13 days, 11 hours was better than ''Great Western's'' record, but the claim is not recognized because it was pilot to pilot, rather than the then accepted anchor to anchor. During the three-year period of 1838 through 1840, both ''British Queen'' and ''Great Western'' averaged westbound. Eastbound averages were for ''Great Western'' and for ''British Queen''. A report to the British government concluded that ''British Queen'' was "fast when light and in light stern breeze." During ''British Queen's'' refit after the 1840 season, her feathering paddles were changed to non-feathering design to avoid litigation with the patent holder. On her first 1841 voyage, her port paddle wheel malfunctioned by the sixth day when floats attached to the paddles dropped off one by one. The crew was making temporary repairs at sea when the ship was hit by a gale. ''British Queen'' finally made port at Halifax instead of New York after 20 days at sea. Her return was to Liverpool, which was to become her new UK terminal. However, she was laid up upon her arrival when British and American failed after the loss of ''President''. In August 1841, ''British Queen'' was sold to the Belgian Government for an Antwerp-Cowes-New York service that started in May 1842.Parent, Auguste. 1863. Du commerce de Belgique à propos de l’affranchissement de l’Escaut. Bruxelles: Em. Devroye. 187. In respect for Queen Victoria, the Belgians retained her name and she sailed with British officers and engineers. The fare was £21 excluding meals that were an additional charge. The service was unsuccessful and ''British Queen'' never carried more than 50 passengers. Her crossing times were slow, and she required 26 days to reach Cowes from New York on her third and last round trip after being forced to refuel at the Azores. She remained at Antwerp for the next two years before she was scrapped.


External links


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:British Queen Victorian-era merchant ships of the United Kingdom Steamships of the United Kingdom Steamships of Belgium 1838 ships