SS Akaroa (1914)

SS ''Akaroa'' was a UK steam ocean liner and refrigerated cargo ship. She was launched in 1914 in Ireland as ''Euripides'' for Aberdeen Line. When new, she was the largest ship in the Aberdeen Line fleet.

In the First World War she was an Allied troop ship. From 1929 White Star Line managed her. In 1932 ''Euripides'' passed to Shaw, Savill & Albion Line who had her refitted and renamed her ''Akaroa''. She survived the Second World War and was scrapped in Belgium in 1954.

Aberdeen Line named some of its ships after classical Greek people and events. Euripides was a tragedian in Classical Athens in the fifth century BC.

Shaw, Savill & Albion names some of its ships after places in New Zealand. Akaroa is a small town on South Island.

Building

Harland and Wolff built ''Euripides'' on its slipway number nine in Belfast, launching her on 29 January 1914 and completing her on 6 June.

''Euripides'' looked similar to her Aberdeen Line running mates and . However, with a length of between perpendiculars and beam of ''Euripides'' was longer and broader. As built, her tonnages were , and about 25,000 tons displacement, and she was the largest ship in Aberdeen Line's fleet.

''Euripides'' had a double bottom for the full length of her hull. Her hull was divided into watertight compartments, so that she could remain afloat if any two were flooded.

In 1914 newspapers reported that ''Euripides'' was built with two classes of passenger accommodation: first and third. First class was on the bridge deck, boat deck, main deck and awning deck. Third class was on the poop and tween deck. However, other sources claim she was built with berths for three classes: 140 first class, 334 third class and 750 steerage. Her holds were refrigerated and had capacity for of cargo. They had a total of seven hatches, served by 19 winches.

Like ''Demosthenes'', ''Euripides'' had three screws. A pair of four-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines drove her port and starboard screws. Exhaust steam from their low-pressure cylinders powered a low-pressure steam turbine that drove her middle screw. The combined power output of her three engines was rated at 1,401 NHP and gave her a service speed of .

George Thompson & Co registered ''Euripides'' at Aberdeen. Her UK official number was 133648 and her code letters were JFRC.

Maiden voyage

Aberdeen Line ran scheduled services between London and Australia via South Africa. ''Euripides'' left London on her maiden voyage on 1 July 1914, called at Plymouth on 2 July and Cape Town on 20 July.

On 28 July the First World War began as ''Euripides'' was crossing the Indian Ocean. She called at Albany, Western Australia on 4 August, Melbourne on 13 August and Sydney on 15 August, and reached Brisbane on 24 August.

When ''Euripides'' reached Sydney, the ''Daily Commercial News and Shipping List'' hailed her as "a palatial vessel" but noted that she was already listed to be requisitioned as a troop ship.

First World War

On 26 August ''Euripides'' was requisitioned as the troop ship HMAT ''Euripides'', with the pennant number A14.

''Euripides'' embarked elements of the First Australian Imperial Force at Brisbane on 24 September 1914 and at Sydney on 18–29 October. On 1 November she joined a convoy in King George Sound, Western Australia.

From 1914 until 1917 ''Euripides'' made seven voyages carrying troops from Australia to Great Britain. Two of the trips in 1915 were returning severely wounded. Commonwealth Government control of ''Euripides'' ended on 2 June 1917. However, she continued trooping and her seventh voyage left Sydney on 31 October 1917. From February 1919 she repatriated troops to Australia. In her war service ''Euripides'' covered and carried 38,349 troops.

By 1918 ''Euripides'' was equipped for wireless telegraphy, operated by the Marconi Company. Her call sign was MSE.

Interbellum

After her troop service ''Euripides'' was overhauled at Belfast. In November 1920 she resumed Aberdeen Line's service between London and Australia. In 1922 the company took delivery of a pair of new liners, and . In March 1923 ''Euripides'' route was changed to serve Southampton instead of London.

In 1927 ''Euripides'' was laid up for five months in the Firth of Clyde. She then went into a service between Liverpool and Australia run jointly by Aberdeen Line and Blue Funnel Line. In 1929 her management was transferred to White Star Line, but George Thompson & Co Ltd (Aberdeen Line) remained her owner.

By 1930 ''Euripides'' was equipped with wireless direction finding apparatus and her call sign had been changed to GMLP.

On 20 July 1931 the Royal Mail Case opened at the Old Bailey, which led to the collapse of White Star Line's parent company. In July 1932 ownership of ''Euripides'' passed to Shaw, Savill & Albion.

Hawthorn, Leslie at Hebburn, County Durham refitted the ship for her new owner. Her first class cabins were enlarged and modernised to form 200 "cabin class" berths. A gymnasium and swimming pool were added. Her third class accommodation was converted into additional cargo space, which increased her total refrigerated cargo capacity to . The refit increased her tonnages to and . Hawthorn, Leslie converted her from coal to oil burning.

Shaw, Savill and Albion renamed the ship ''Akaroa'' and transferred her to its service between Southampton and New Zealand via Curaçao and the Panama Canal. The company offered 100-day holidays from Britain to New Zealand for an all-inclusive fare of £112. It included a month in New Zealand in which ''Akaroa'' called at Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Port Chalmers, and shore excursions arranged with the aid of the NZ Department of Tourism. She began her first voyage on the route on 28 February 1933.

By 1934 she was equipped with an echo sounding device and by 1936 she had a gyrocompass.

Second World War

On 1 September 1939, the day the Second World War began, ''Akaroa'' left Southampton for New Zealand as normal. She reached Auckland on 8 October, where her passengers presented her Master, William Horation Hartman, with a silver salver in commemoration of "a notable and perilous voyage". On her return voyage after calling at Curaçao on 30 November she diverted to join Convoy HXF 12 from Halifax, Nova Scotia for her eastbound crossing of the Atlantic. On 27 December she docked in London instead of Southampton.

Throughout the war ''Akaroa'' continued to trade between Britain and New Zealand. Parts of her route were diverted for convoy protection, but for much of the time she sailed unescorted. In the course of the war she used different UK ports including Avonmouth, Belfast Lough, Cardiff, Falmouth, the Firth of Clyde, Liverpool, Milford Haven, Newport and Swansea.

Nine of her eastbound transatlantic crossings were with HX convoys. Five of her westbound crossings started with ON convoys, three started with OS convoys, and in 1944 she made one westbound Atlantic crossing to New York City with a UC convoy. In Convoy HX 206 in September 1942 ''Akaroa'' carried 300 passengers eastbound across the North Atlantic, despite having berths for only 200.

After the USA entered the war in December 1941, various convoys were introduced along the East Coast of the United States and across the Caribbean Sea. ''Akaroa'' sailed in some of these convoys, which involved diversions via Guantánamo Bay, New York or Key West.

During the war ''Akaroa'' served other ports of call as required. She called at Bermuda six times, including four visits in 1941. She visited Trinidad three times, Kingston, Jamaica twice, and in June 1945 she visited Saint Helena.

On one westbound voyage from Liverpool in November and December 1940 she went to Sydney and Melbourne instead of New Zealand, and called at Auckland and Wellington only on her return voyage in January 1941. On another westbound voyage in 1944 she called at Wellington on 27–28 September, continued to Sydney and Brisbane in October and then on her return voyage in November sailed straight from Sydney to Panama.

On 28 February 1943 ''Akaroa'' left New York with Convoy HX 228. On 10–11 March a wolf pack of nine U-boats attacked HX 228, sinking four merchant ships and the destroyer . ''Akaroa'' and other survivors of HX 228 were ordered back to Halifax.

From Halifax, ships that had survived HX 228 joined Convoy HX 229A, which had left New York on 9 March. HX 229A ran into sea ice which damaged two merchant ships and sank the whaling factory ship . ''Akaroa'' reached Liverpool with HX229A on 26 March.

In May 1943 Captain Hartman was made an OBE.

Later in 1943 ''Akaroa'' voyaged from Britain to Argentina, Uruguay and back. She left Liverpool on 17 September with Convoy OS 55, which took her as far as Freetown in Sierra Leone. She crossed the South Atlantic unescorted, spent 11 days in Buenos Aires, called at Montevideo on 3–5 November and returned unescorted to Freetown. There she joined Convoy SL 141, with which she reached Avonmouth on 15 December.

In 1945 ''Akaroa'' made one voyage to Australia, New Zealand and back via South Africa. She left Liverpool on 11 February with Convoy OS 110KM, called at Cape Town and Sydney, reached Auckland on 2 April and then called at Wellington and Lyttelton. She began her return voyage from Wellington on 5 May, called at Melbourne and Cape Town, and on 13 June 1945 called at Saint Helena.

Post-war years

In the second half of 1945 ''Akaroa'' was overhauled and refitted on the River Tyne and returned to service between Britain and New Zealand. More of its cabins were made single-berth, more were given en suite bathrooms, and its total number of berths was slightly reduced to 190. Its tonnage was slightly increased again, to .

''Akaroa'' started its final voyage from Britain to New Zealand on 2 January 1954. it was sold for scrap for £130,000 and on 12 May it arrived at Antwerp to be scrapped by Jos. de Smedt & Co.

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Akaroa, SS
1914 ships
Ocean liners of the United Kingdom
Ships built in Belfast
Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Ships of the Aberdeen Line
Ships of the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line
Steamships of the United Kingdom
Troop ships of Australia
World War I merchant ships of the United Kingdom
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom