SS 's Jacob (1907)

SS '' 's Jacob''The ship's name, and namesake's name, are commonly given as ''s' Jacob'' in modern online sources and some printed publications. However, Australian and US official histories spell it '' 's Jacob''. Lloyd's Register spelt it '' 'sJacob'', without spacing. This is apparently an old Dutch form for proper names, perhaps for "das" (of) contracted into simply 's. was a passenger steamship that was launched in the Netherlands in 1907 and sunk by enemy action off New Guinea in 1943. She spent most of her career with Koninklijke Paketvaart-Maatschappij (KPM, the "Royal Packet Navigation Company"), based in the Dutch East Indies.

In the First World War the United Kingdom seized her under angary. In the Second World War she escaped the Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies, and became part of the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) command's permanent local fleet. A Japanese air attack sank her on 8 March 1943.

Building

Between 1907 and 1914, KPM took delivery of a set of sister ships from different Dutch shipyards. Maatschappij voor Scheeps- en Werktuigbouw Fijenoord in Rotterdam completed '' 's Jacob'' in 1907, ''Le Maire'' and ''Van Spilbergen'' in 1908, ''Van der Hagen'' in 1909, in 1910, and ''Sloet van de Beele'' and ''Van Imhoff'' in 1914. Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij in Amsterdam completed in 1909, ''Van Linschoten'' in 1910, and ''Van Neck'' in 1912. Rijkee & Co in Rotterdam completed ''Van Rees'' in 1913.

Fijenoord built the first ship of the series as yard number 211. She was laid down on 26 February 1907 as ''Van Noort'', but she was launched on 25 July as '' 's Jacob'', after Frederik Bernard 's Jacob. She was completed that October. Her registered length was , her beam was and her depth was . Her tonnages were , , and . She had berths for 1,026 passengers: eight in first class, 18 in second class, and 1,000 in steerage. Her holds had capacity for of grain, or of baled cargo.

The ship had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine. It was rated at 233 NHP or 1,300 ihp, and gave her a speed of .

KPM registered '' 's Jacob'' at Batavia in the Dutch East Indies. Her code letters were TFGK.

Career until 1940

On 20 March 1918 President Woodrow Wilson issued Proclamation 1436, authorising the seizure under angary of Dutch ships in US ports. The UK also seized Dutch ships in ports of the British Isles and the British Empire. '' 's Jacob'' was seized in Singapore. She was vested in the UK Shipping Controller, who appointed the British India Steam Navigation Company to manage her. The ship was returned to her owners in February 1919.

In 1925 '' 's Jacob''s code letters were changed to TFPN. In 1928 her passenger accommodation was changed to eight first class, 26 second class, and 1,420 deck passengers. This changed her tonnages to and . In 1934 the call sign PKRV superseded her code letters. In 1935 her tonnages were reassessed as and .

Second World War

In August 1940 the Royal Netherlands Navy requisitioned '' 's Jacob'' to be scuttled as a blockship in the Port of Tanjung Priok. However, on 17 February 1941 she was returned to her owners.

On 8 December 1941 Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies. On 1 March 1942 Japanese forces landed on Java. '' 's Jacob'' took part in logistics support for the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) effort to hold the Malay Barrier. With four tankers and a cargo ship, '' 's Jacob'' sailed in Convoy MS4, which left Sydney on 31 January bound for the ABDA theatre of operations, taking the route south of Australia and up the west coast. On 15 February, the day Singapore fell, and as took over the escort, ports in Sumatra were falling and the tankers and other cargo ships were ordered to return to Fremantle. '' 's Jacob '' and ''Perth'' continued, and were later joined by the Dutch ships ''Swartenhondt'' and , but on the evening of 21 February, some south of the Sunda Strait, they too were ordered to return to Fremantle.

'' 's Jacob'' was one of the 21 KPM ships that were based in Australia after Java fell on 12 March. The Commanding General, United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA) was ordered to buy or charter the ships for the SWPA's permanent local fleet. On 26 March 1942, the Chief Quartermaster, USAFIA arranged interim charters pending final negotiations with the Dutch government-in-exile in London. Final negotiations between the US War Shipping Administration (WSA) and the Dutch government resulted in their being placed under United States Army control through a complex charter arrangement in which the UK Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) chartered the KPM vessels and with WSA allocated them to SWPA with the stipulation they be under total control of the US Army. They typically were crewed by KPM's Dutch officers and Javanese crew. '' 's Jacob'' was defensively armed with a 4-inch naval gun mounted aft.

The ship took part in the early days of reinforcements for Port Moresby and Milne Bay in New Guinea. She was in Convoy A3, which left Brisbane on 10 August 1942 and reached Fall River in Milne Bay on 17 August. On 2 September 1942, '' 's Jacob'' and left Townsville for Milne Bay in Convoy Q2, escorted by and later . On 5 September, the convoy was holding south of China Strait as Japanese naval forces were expected in Milne Bay that night. ''Arunta'' escorted ''Anshun'' into the port the next day with ''Swan'' and '' 's Jacob'' awaiting orders south of the strait where ''Arunta'' joined them in the night. Meanwhile, ''Anshun'' was discharging cargo by lights when Japanese surface forces attacked the port, and the light cruiser shelled and capsized her. '' 's Jacob'' entering Milne Bay was considered an unnecessary risk, and the escorts were ordered to Port Moresby until the situation stabilized.

'' 's Jacob'' took part in three more convoys from Queensland to Milne Bay, each of which took three days. Convoy W left Cairns on 22 September 1942, and Convoy TN11 left Townsville on 1 December. Convoy TN 42 left Townsville on 26 February 1943, and reached Milne Bay on 1 March.

'' 's Jacob'' then joined Operation Lilliput. Escorted by the Australian corvette , she left Milne Bay carrying troops, weapons, and supplies bound for Oro Bay. On 8 March 1943, as '' 's Jacob'' rounded Cape Nelson, nine high-flying Japanese bombers escorted by 12 fighters attacked her near Porlock Bay. The aircraft scored three direct hits and at least 15 near misses, which caused serious structural damage and wounded several crewmen. A large fire started on the foreship, and her water pumps shut down, which prevented firefighting. The order was given to abandon ship. All those aboard jumped overboard and clung to wreckage. ''Bendigo'' rescued 158 men, two of whom died on the way to Milne Bay. Within 18 minutes of the attack, '' 's Jacob'' sank at 13:16 hrs off Porlock Harbor.

Five men were killed in the sinking, including Private George Watson, who remained in the water and instead of trying to save himself, helped into liferafts those soldiers who could not swim. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

In 1986 divers found '' 's Jacob''s wreck off Porlock Harbour, at a depth of . The ship's bell was recovered and later given to the Lae Yacht Club.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:s Jacob, SS

1907 ships
Maritime incidents in March 1943
Merchant ships sunk by aircraft
Passenger ships of the Netherlands
Ships built in Schiedam
Ships sunk by Japanese aircraft
Shipwrecks of Papua New Guinea
Steamships of the Netherlands
Transport ships of the United States Army
World War II merchant ships of the Netherlands
World War II shipwrecks in the Coral Sea