The P-800 Oniks (; ),

marketed Marketing is the act of acquiring, satisfying and retaining customers. It is one of the primary components of business management and commerce. Marketing is usually conducted by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer. Products can ...

export An export in international trade is a good produced in one country that is sold into another country or a service provided in one country for a national or resident of another country. The seller of such goods or the service provider is a ...

as the Yakhont (; ), is a

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

supersonic Supersonic speed is the speed of an object that exceeds the speed of sound (Mach 1). For objects traveling in dry air of a temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) at sea level, this speed is approximately . Speeds greater than five times ...

anti-ship

cruise missile A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled guided missile that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large payload over long distances with high precision. Modern cru ...

developed by

NPO Mashinostroyeniya NPO Mashinostroyeniya () is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Russia. During the Cold War it was responsible for several major weapons systems, including the UR-100N Intercontinental ballistic missile and the military Almaz space station ...

as a

ramjet A ramjet is a form of airbreathing jet engine that requires forward motion of the engine to provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around and can operate up to . Ramjets can be particularly appropriat ...

version of

P-80 Zubr P8, P-8, P.8, or P 8 may refer to: In transportation or aviation * Boeing XP-8, 1920s US prototype biplane * Boeing P-8 Poseidon, anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol aircraft * Bowin P8, Formula 5000 and Formula 2 race cars * Pantanal Linhas ...

. Its

GRAU The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the Chief of ...

designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant was planned but never built. The missile has the

NATO codename NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providin ...

SS-N-26 "

Strobile A strobilus (: strobili) is a structure present on many land plant species consisting of sporangia-bearing structures densely aggregated along a stem. Strobili are often called cones, but some botanists restrict the use of the term cone to the woo ...

". Development commenced in 1983, and in the 1990s the anti-ship missile was tested on the Project 1234.7 ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned. It is reportedly a replacement for the

P-270 Moskit The P-270 Moskit (; ) is a Soviet supersonic ramjet powered anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M80, air launched variant is the Kh-41 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-22 Sunburn (one of two missiles with that designation). The ...

, and possibly also of the

P-700 Granit The P-700 ''Granit'' (; ) is a Soviet and Russian naval anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M45, its NATO reporting name SS-N-19 ''Shipwreck''. It comes in surface-to-surface and submarine-launched variants, and can also be us ...

Operational history

Syria

In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

based on the contracts signed in 2007. Syria received two Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total). The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV. In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military invasion. A warehouse containing the Bastion missiles was destroyed by an Israeli air strike on

Latakia Latakia (; ; Syrian Arabic, Syrian pronunciation: ) is the principal port city of Syria and capital city of the Latakia Governorate located on the Mediterranean coast. Historically, it has also been known as Laodicea in Syria or Laodicea ad Mar ...

on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack. Oniks missiles were reportedly used in 2016 against

ISIL The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist organization and unrecognized quasi-state. IS occupied signif ...

targets.

Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...

The P-800 was used in the Russo-Ukrainian War. The

Russian Defense Ministry The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (; MOD) is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces. The President of Russia is the Commander-in-Chief of the forces and directs the activity of the ministry. The Minister of Defence exerci ...

announced that it had used the missile in 1 May 2022; reportedly a number of Oniks missiles were used to destroy military equipment around the city of

Odesa Odesa, also spelled Odessa, is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern ...

. On 9 May, 2022 Russian missile forces in Crimea, launched 4 Onyx missiles on Odesa. Russian MOD reported that their forces attacked Ukrainian helicopters located in Artsyz in the Odessa region. One Ukrainian

Mi-24 The Mil Mi-24 (; NATO reporting name: Hind) is a large helicopter gunship, attack helicopter and low-capacity transport helicopter, troop transport with room for eight passengers. It is produced by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and was introduced ...

helicopter was destroyed in the ground and one person was killed. Ukrainian Air Force Spokesperson Yurii Ihnat mentioned that the flight profile of the missile is of particular concern: "Onyx missiles are designed to destroy watercraft, and ships, it flies at a speed of 3000 km per hour, that is, very fast,... On the march ruising it can rise high, and when entering the target, it can actually fly 10–15 meters above the water to destroy the ship." He concluded that it was "impossible" to shoot them down with available anti-air means, but he mentioned that some success was found when using electronic warfare against them; he mentioned that a missile attack on 23 September 2023 missed a military target and destroyed a "recreational area", adding that "something affected its flight." Russian sources reported on 27 March 2024 that the missile received a new active homing head in order to hit ground targets more precisely. On 20 August 2024, at the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Oleksandr Syrskyi Oleksandr Stanislavovych Syrskyi (; born 26 July 1965) is a Ukrainian military officer. Holding the rank of four-star general, he has served as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine since . Previously, he was the commander o ...

for the first time announced data on how many weapons Russia has used since 2022, as well as how many were intercepted. The report said that only 12/211 (5.69%) of Onyx were intercepted by Ukraine's air defense

Specifications

* Length: 8.9 m * Diameter: 0.7 m * Wingspan: 1.7 m * Weight: 3,100 kg * Speed at altitude: 750 m/s (Mach 2.6) * Surface speed: Mach 2 * Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of

thrust Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newton's third law. When a system expels or accelerates mass in one direction, the accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction to be applied to that ...

* Range: 120–300 km / 600 km for Russian ship/sub deployed non-export model * for the combined trajectory (hi-lo) – 300 km * for low-altitude trajectory (lo-lo) – 120 km * Flight altitude of 10,000–14,000 m * Warhead: national version: 300 kg semi-armour piercing HE, thermonuclear; export version: 200 kg HE * Fuel: jet fuel T-6 Radar homing head * all-weather monopulse

active Active may refer to: Music * ''Active'' (album), a 1992 album by Casiopea * "Active" (song), a 2024 song by Asake and Travis Scott from Asake's album ''Lungu Boy'' * Active Records, a record label Ships * ''Active'' (ship), several com ...

passive Passive may refer to: * Passive voice, a grammatical voice common in many languages, see also Pseudopassive * Passive language, a language from which an interpreter works * Passivity (behavior), the condition of submitting to the influence of ...

, with frequency hopping * Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds * Range: 50 km active * Launchable sea state – up to 7 points * Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min * Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A * Maximum angle of the target search: ± 45 ° * Homing weight: 85 kg

Variants

* 3M55 Oniks – Base version for Russia. * P-800 Yakhont – Export version of Oniks. * P-800 Yashma - Submarine-launched version of Yakhont. *

BrahMos The BrahMos (also designated as PJ-10)BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited BrahMos Aerospace is an Indo-Russian multinational corporation, multinational Aerospace manufacturer, aerospace and Arms industry, defense corporation, with core manufacturing concentrations in cruise missiles. Headquartered in New Delhi, India ...

, since 1998. * Bastion-P – Coast mobile missile system. Officially entered service in 2015. * Kh-61 - Air launched air to surface version. * Oniks-M - version of Oniks with improved range (up to 800 km), accuracy and ECCM capabilities.

Platforms

Naval

;Current * ''Buyan-M''-class corvette * * (export version) * * * * ;Future * * * *

Land

Standard batteries of the K-300 Bastion-P (Бастион-П-Подвижный): * 4 self-propelled launchers K-340P with 2 "Yakhont" missiles (crew of 3 persons) * 1–2 Command and Control vehicles (ASBU) PBRK (crew of 5 persons) * 1 security alert car (MOBD) * 4 Transportation and loading vehicles (TLV K342P)

Operators

Hezbollah Hezbollah ( ; , , ) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. I ...

– 12 missiles with diverse launching platforms. However, reports suggest that Hezbollah does not have the means to launch the missile without Iranian and/or Syrian support. * – 4 VLS (

vertical launching system A vertical launching system (VLS) is an advanced system for holding and firing missiles on mobile naval platforms, such as surface ships and submarines. Each vertical launch system consists of a number of ''cells'', which can hold one or mo ...

) mounted on . * – 3 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2010, all the complexes taken into service with the Russian

Black Sea Fleet The Black Sea Fleet () is the Naval fleet, fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea. The Black Sea Fleet, along with other Russian ground and air forces on the Crimea, Crimean Peninsula, are subordin ...

's 11th Independent Coastal Missile-Artillery Brigade stationed near

Anapa Anapa (, , ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. As of the 2021 Russian census, it had a population of 81,863. It is one of the largest ...

and the Project 1234.7 ''Nakat'', a one-off Nanuchka IV-class corvette commissioned in 1987 with 2x6 Oniks. The "Bastion-P" is deployed by Russian forces in Crimea. One more Bastion-P was delivered in 2015. 2 Bastion systems are in service with the Northern Fleet and at least one with Western Military District (Baltic Fleet). Newest class of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines,

Yasen-class submarine The Yasen class, Russian designations Project 885 Yasen and Project 885M Yasen-M (, List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes, NATO reporting name: Severodvinsk), also referred to as the ''Graney'' class, are a Ship class, series of Nuclear m ...

, can also launch the missile. Submarine-launched variant entered service in 2016. Two Bastion missile systems delivered in 2017 and one more in 2018. Totally 4 Bal and Bastion systems in 2018. One more system delivered for the Pacific Fleet in early 2019. Totally 3 Bastion systems and 55 Oniks were delivered in 2019. The Russian Defense Ministry concluded a contract at the Army-2020 forum for purchasing cruise missiles 3M55N Oniks. 3 more delivered during 2021. * – 4 " Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2011, 72 missiles. * – at least 2 "Bastion-P" land-based coastal defense systems delivered with at least 40 missiles.

References

External links

SS-N-26
(Federation of American Scientists)
Sunburns, Yakhonts, Alfas and the Region
(Australian Aviation, Sept 2000) (PDF)
www.dtig.org
Russian/Sovjet Sea-based Anti-Ship Missiles (pdf)
Russia would supply Syria with P-800 Yakhont cruise missiles
{{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017 Weapons of Russia Cruise missiles P-800 Cruise missiles of Russia Nuclear cruise missiles of Russia Submarine-launched cruise missiles of Russia P-800 Ramjet-powered missiles Surface-to-surface missiles of the Soviet Union Surface-to-surface missiles of Russia NPO Mashinostroyeniya products Military equipment introduced in the 2000s Fire-and-forget weapons Supersonic cruise missiles