The short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR) is a very large

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of enzymes, most of which are known to be NAD- or NADP-dependent

oxidoreductases In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually ut ...

. As the first member of this family to be characterised was Drosophila

alcohol dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) () are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to N ...

, this family used to be called 'insect-type', or 'short-chain' alcohol dehydrogenases. Most members of this family are proteins of about 250 to 300 amino acid residues. Most dehydrogenases possess at least 2 domains, the first binding the coenzyme, often NAD, and the second binding the substrate. This latter domain determines the substrate specificity and contains amino acids involved in catalysis. Little sequence similarity has been found in the coenzyme binding domain although there is a large degree of structural similarity, and it has therefore been suggested that the structure of dehydrogenases has arisen through gene fusion of a common ancestral coenzyme nucleotide sequence with various substrate specific domains.

Subfamilies

* Glucose/ribitol dehydrogenase *

Insect alcohol dehydrogenase family Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of j ...

2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase In enzymology, a 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalysis, catalyzes the chemical reaction :2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NAD+ \rightleftharpoons 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+ Thus, the two substrat ...

Human proteins containing this domain

BDH1 D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''BDH1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." ...

;

BDH2 BDH is a three-letter abbreviation that may refer to: *The AMEX code for ML BRDBND HLDR12/40 (a broadband diversification instrument). *The National Rail station code for Bedhampton railway station, Havant, England *3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, ...

;

CBR1 Carbonyl reductase 1, also known as CBR1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ''CBR1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, which function as NADPH-dependent oxidore ...

;

CBR3 Carbonyl reductase ADPH3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CBR3'' gene. Carbonyl reductase 3 catalyzes the reduction of a large number of biologically and pharmacologically active carbonyl compounds to their corresponding alcohol ...

; CBR4;

DCXR Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase, also known as carbonyl reductase II, is an enzyme that in human is encoded by the DCXR gene located on chromosome 17. Structure The DCXR gene encodes a membrane protein that is approximately 34 kDa in size a ...

; DECR1;

DECR2 Peroxisomal 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DECR2'' gene. References Further reading

* * * * * * * * {{gene-16-stub ...

;

DHRS1 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 1, also known as Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 19C member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS1'' gene located on chromosome 14. Structure The DHRS1 gene is located on ...

;

DHRS10 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 1, also known as Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 19C member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS1'' gene located on chromosome 14. Structure The DHRS1 gene is located on ...

; DHRS13;

DHRS2 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." mean ...

;

DHRS3 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS3'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gen ...

;

DHRS4 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS4'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ...

; DHRS4L2; DHRS7;

DHRS7B Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7B is an enzyme encoded by the DHRS7B gene in humans, found on chromosome 17p11.2. DHRS7B encodes a protein that is predicted to function in steroid hormone regulation. A deletion in the chromosomal regi ...

; DHRS8;

DHRS9 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''DHRS9'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meani ...

;

DHRSX Dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) X-linked also known as DHRSX is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the pseudoautosomal ''DHRSX'' gene. DHRSX is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase family of oxidoreductase In biochemistry, an oxi ...

; FASN;

FVT1 3-dehydrosphinganine reductase () also known as 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR) or follicular variant translocation protein 1 (FVT1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''KDSR'' gene. Function 3-dehydrosphinganine reducta ...

;

HADH2 ACADSB is a human gene that encodes short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD), an enzyme in the acyl CoA dehydrogenase family. It can cause short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Structure The human ACADSB ...

; HPGD; HSD11B1;

HSD11B2 Corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 also known as 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. Function Corticosteroid 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 is an NAD+-dependent enzyme expressed in ...

;

HSD17B1 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B1'' gene. This enzyme oxidizes or reduces the C17 hydroxy/keto group of androgens and estrogens and hence is able to regulate the potency of th ...

;

HSD17B10 17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X (HSD10) also known as 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B10'' (hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 10) gene. Several alternatively spliced ...

;

HSD17B12 Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B12'' gene. The enzyme 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-12 (HSD17B12) uses NADPH to reduce 3-ketoacyl-CoA to 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA during the second step o ...

;

HSD17B13 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 13 also known as 17β-HSD type 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B13'' gene. 17β-HSD13 is significantly up-regulated in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N ...

;

HSD17B2 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17β-HSD2) is an enzyme of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) family that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B2'' gene. Function 17β-HSD2 is involved in inactivation of androgens and estrogens ...

;

HSD17B3 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17β-HSD3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B3'' gene and is involved in androgen steroidogenesis. Function This isoform of 17β-HSD is expressed predominantly in the testis and catalyz ...

;

HSD17B4 D-bifunctional protein (DBP), also known as peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 (MFP-2), as well as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV (17β-HSD type IV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B4'' gene. It's an alcoho ...

;

HSD17B6 Hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6 is an enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the e ...

;

HSD17B7 3-keto-steroid reductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B7'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' ...

; HSD17B7P2;

HSD17B8 Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HSD17B8'' gene. In mice, the Ke6 protein is a 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that can regulate the concentration of biologically active estrogens and androge ...

; HSDL1; HSDL2;

PECR Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PECR'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''ge ...

;

QDPR QDPR (quinoid dihydropteridine reductase) is a human gene that produces the enzyme quinoid dihydropteridine reductase. This enzyme is part of the pathway that recycles a substance called tetrahydrobiopterin, also known as BH4. Tetrahydrobiopterin ...

; RDH10;

RDH11 Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH11'' gene. RHD11, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of oxidoreductases, is expressed at high levels in prostate epithelium, and its ...

;

RDH12 Retinol dehydrogenase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH12'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ...

;

RDH13 Retinol dehydrogenase 13 (all-trans/9-cis) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RDH13 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''g ...

;

RDH14 Retinol dehydrogenase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH14'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ' ...

; RDH16;

RDH5 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH5'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' ...

;

RDH8 Retinol dehydrogenase 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''RDH8'' gene. All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH8) is a visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans- retinal to all-trans-retinol in the presence of NADPH. It is a member ...

; RDHE2; RDHS; SCDR10; SPR;

WWOX WW domain-containing oxidoreductase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''WWOX'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gener ...

;

References

{{reflist Protein domains Single-pass transmembrane proteins