Sat.1 is a German

free-to-air Free-to-air (FTA) services are television (TV) and radio services broadcast in unencrypted form, allowing any person with the appropriate receiving equipment to receive the signal and view or listen to the content without requiring a subscripti ...

television channel that is a part of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media Group. It is considered the first privately owned television network in Germany, having been launched in January 1984 as ''PKS'' ''(Programmgesellschaft für Kabel- und Satellitenrundfunk)'', initially a joint venture of various publishing houses, and was rebranded as Sat.1 in January 1985. The first broadcast could only be seen by roughly 1200 households who had cable access in the city of

Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (; meaning "Ludwig's Port upon Rhine"), is a city in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, on the river Rhine, opposite Mannheim. With Mannheim, Heidelberg, and the surrounding region, it f ...

. Early programs included old films (mainly from the archives of KirchMedia) American hit series and game shows (the most notable show being the German version of '' Wheel of Fortune'', ''Glücksrad''). Later, the station acquired a name for its original series and TV films. Pay-TV sister channel '' Sat.1 Emotions'' (formerly '' Sat.1 Comedy'') airs comedy, romance and movies. In 2013 '' Sat.1 Gold'', a second, free-to-air Sat.1 offshoot was also launched. In addition to its free-to-air standard definition feed, Sat.1 also broadcasts an HD feed as a subscription-only channel, available on Astra's HD+ satellite pay-TV platform.

Sat.1 Regional

Regional newscasts are broadcast under the title ''17:30 Sat.1...'' in Bremen, Lower Saxony, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse and Bavaria. * 17:30 Sat.1 live (

Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate ( , ; german: link=no, Rheinland-Pfalz ; lb, Rheinland-Pfalz ; pfl, Rhoilond-Palz) is a western state of Germany. It covers and has about 4.05 million residents. It is the ninth largest and sixth most populous of the ...

and

Hesse Hesse (, , ) or Hessia (, ; german: Hessen ), officially the State of Hessen (german: links=no, Land Hessen), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt. Two other major historic cities are Da ...

) * 17:30 Sat.1 NRW (

North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia (german: Nordrhein-Westfalen, ; li, Noordrien-Wesfale ; nds, Noordrhien-Westfalen; ksh, Noodrhing-Wäßßfaale), commonly shortened to NRW (), is a state (''Land'') in Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhab ...

) * 17:30 Sat.1 Regional (

Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...

and

Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; da, Slesvig-Holsten; nds, Sleswig-Holsteen; frr, Slaswik-Holstiinj) is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Sc ...

) * 17:30 Sat.1 Regional (

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ...

and

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie H ...

) * 17:30 Sat.1 Bayern (

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...

Programmes

Children

Entertainment

*''5 mal 5'', German version of ''

Lingo Lingo, a contraction of language, often refers to jargon, but in a less formal or technical sense. Lingo may also refer to: Technology * Lingo (programming language), one of several unrelated programming languages * Lingo (VoIP Service operato ...

'' hosted by Bernd Schumacher (1993-1994) *''Aus den Augen verloren'', hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1995-1996) *''Bingo'', hosted by Wolf-Dieter Herrmann (1991-1992) *''Bitte melde dich!'', hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1992-1998) *''Die Comedy-Falle'', hosted by Kai Pflaume (2005-2011) *''Die Harald Schmidt Show'', late-night show hosted by

Harald Schmidt Harald Franz Schmidt (born 18 August 1957) is a German actor, comedian, television presenter and writer best known as the host of two popular German late-night shows. Early and private life A son of refugees who fled from Sudetenland (now Cz ...

(1995–2004, 2011–2012) *''Die Hella von Sinnen Show'', hosted by Hella von Sinnen (2006) *''Die Hit-Giganten'', hosted by

Hugo Egon Balder Hugo Egon Balder (born Egon Hugo Balder; 22 March 1950) is a German television presenter, producer, and comedian. Early life Balder was born in West Berlin to Egon Friedrich Balder (1904–1970) and Gerda Balder (née Schure; 1910–1997). Ger ...

(2003-2012) *''Die MyVideo-Show'', hosted by Annika Lau (2006-2007) *''Erben gesucht'', hosted by Jörg Wontorra (1994) *''Geh aufs Ganze!'', hosted by Jörg Draeger (1992-1997) *''Genial daneben'', hosted by

(2003-2011, 2017–2021) *''Glücksrad'', German version of '' Wheel of Fortune'' (1988-1997) *''Got to Dance'', hosted by Alexandra Maurer (2013-2014) *''Got to Dance Kids'', hosted by Alexandra Maurer (2015) *''Jeder gegen Jeden'', German version of '' Fifteen to One'' hosted by Hans-Hermann Gockel (1996-2001) *''Jetzt reicht's!'', hosted by

Vera Int-Veen Vera Int-Veen (born 21 September 1967 in Lank-Latum, Meerbusch) is a German TV producer and television presenter. Life Int-Veen studied politics and German law in Munich. Her mother married into a Turkic group of Mongolian descent. Later she wo ...

(1997-1998) *''Kampf der Köche - Wer haut den Profi in die Pfanne?'' (2016) *''Kämpf um deine Frau!'', hosted by Andrea Kiewel (2004) *''Krypton Faktor'', German version of '' The Krypton Factor'' hosted by Jörg Draeger (1991) *'' Man O Man'', hosted by

Peer Augustinski Peer Augustinski (25 June 1940 – 3 October 2014) was a German actor and voice actor. Biography Born in Berlin, Augustinski was best known as a cast member of ''Klimbim'' ("Odds and Ends"), one of the first successful comedy shows in German te ...

(1992-1995) *''Newtopia - Vollkommenes Glück oder totales Chaos?'', German version of ''

Utopia A utopia ( ) typically describes an imaginary community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for its members. It was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book '' Utopia'', describing a fictional island socie ...

'' (2015) *''Nur die Liebe zählt'', hosted by Kai Pflaume (1995-2011) *''Nur die Liebe zählt'', hosted by

Wayne Carpendale The sixth edition of ''Dancing Stars'' was broadcast from March 11 to May 27, 2011 on ORF1 and was presented by Mirjam Weichselbraun and Klaus Eberhartinger. Couples Scoring chart : indicate the lowest score for each week. : indicate the h ...

(2014-2015) *''Promi ärgere dich nicht!'', hosted by

and Hella von Sinnen (2005-2008) *'' Rich List - Jede Antwort zählt'', hosted by Kai Pflaume (2007-2008) *''Star Search'', hosted by Kai Pflaume (2003-2004) *'' Promis unter Palmen'' (2020-2021) *'' The Voice of Germany'' (2011–present) *'' The Taste'', German version of '' The Taste'' hosted by Christine Henning (2013–present) *'' The Voice Kids'' (2013–present) *'' Promi Big Brother'' (2013–present) *''The Winner Is ...'' (2012) *''

The Voice Senior ''The Voice Senior'' is a version of ''The Voice'' TV series franchise in which seniors participate. Versions The first such variation was '' The Voice Senior'' from the Netherlands, which was followed by other international variants: : Franchis ...

'' (2018–present) *''

Big Brother Big Brother may refer to: * Big Brother (''Nineteen Eighty-Four''), a character from George Orwell's novel ''Nineteen Eighty-Four'' ** Authoritarian personality, any omnipresent figure representing oppressive control ** Big Brother Awards, a sat ...

'' (2020)

Information

*''Akte'' (1995–present) *''Blitz'' (1997-2007) *''Blitz am Sonntag'' (2004-2005) *''Blitzlicht'' (1998-1999) *''Fahndung Deutschland'' (2016) *''Focus TV'' (2010–present) *''push - das Sat.1-Magazin'' (2012) *''Sat.1 am Mittag'' (2006-2007) *''Sat.1 Nachrichten'' (1985–present) *''Sat.1 - Das Magazin'' (2007-2012) *''Sat.1-Frühstücksfernsehen'' (1987–present) *''Schlag 6'' (2001-2002) *''Telebörse'' (1987-1992) *''Unser Tag'' (2015) *''Weck Up'' (1998-2014)

Scripted reality

*''112 - Rettung in letzter Minute'' (2018–present) *''Anwälte im Einsatz'' (2013–present) *''Auf Streife'' (2013–present) *''Auf Streife - Berlin '' (2016–present) *''Auf Streife - Die Spezialisten'' (2015–present) *''Die 2 - Anwälte mit Herz'' (2011) *''Die Ruhrpottwache'' (2016–present) *''Dringend Tatverdächtig - Duisburg Crime Stories'' (2018–present) *''Einsatz in Köln - Die Kommissare'' (2016) *''Familien-Fälle'' (2012-2014) *''Helft mir! Letzter Ausweg Jugendamt'' (2013) *''Im Namen der Gerechtigkeit - Wir kämpfen für Sie!'' (2013–present) *''In Gefahr - Ein verhängnisvoller Moment'' (2014-2016) *''Inspektion 5 - Köln Mülheim'' (2018–present) *'' K11 – Kommissare im Einsatz'' (2003–present) *''Klinik am Südring'' (2016–present) *''Klinik am Südring - Die Familienhelfer'' (2018–present) *''

Lenßen & Partner ''Lenßen & Partner'' was a German scripted reality crime procedural and legal drama that was produced by Constantin Entertainment GmbH and aired on Sat. 1. It ran from 2003 to 2009 in the station's early evening program. The series was filme ...

'' (2003-2012) *''Mein dunkles Geheimnis'' (2013-2016) *''Nachbar gegen Nachbar'' (2012) *''

Niedrig und Kuhnt – Kommissare ermitteln ''Niedrig und Kuhnt – Kommissare ermitteln'' is a German television series. See also * List of German television series External links * 2003 German television series debuts 2014 German television series endings German crime television ...

'' (2003-2013) *''Patchwork Family'' (2013) *''Pures Leben - Mitten in Deutschland'' (2009-2013) *''

Schicksale – und plötzlich ist alles anders ''Schicksale – und plötzlich ist alles anders'' (''Fates - and suddenly everything is different'') is a German television series. See also *List of German television series The following is a list of television series produced in Germany: ...

'' (2010–present) *''Zwei bei Kallwass'', hosted by

Angelika Kallwass Angelika Bergmann-Kallwass (born 31 October 1948) is a German psychologist and television host. Biography Angelika Bergmann-Kallwass was born in Cologne on 31 October 1948. After graduating from high school, she attended university, majoring ...

(2001-2013)

Series

*''A.S. - Gefahr ist sein Geschäft'' (1995-1998, 2002, 2007) *'' Allein unter Bauern'' (2007) *'' Almost Human'' (2014) *'' Alphateam – Die Lebensretter im OP'' (1997-2010) *''

Anna Maria – Eine Frau geht ihren Weg ''Anna Maria – Eine Frau geht ihren Weg'' (Anna Maria – A Woman Follows Her Path) was a German drama television series broadcast between 1994 and 1997 on Sat.1 in 29 episodes. Uschi Glas provided a summary by the series, and claimed to have w ...

'' (1994-1997, 1999, 2003-2004) *'' Anna und die Liebe'' (2008-2011) *'' Bis in die Spitzen'', German version of '' Cutting It'' (2005-2007) *'' Booker'' (1990-1992) *'' Broti & Pacek – Irgendwas ist immer'' (2002-2005, 2007-2008) *''

Bull A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species '' Bos taurus'' (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e., cows), bulls have long been an important symbol in many religions, incl ...

'' (2017–present) *''

Cagney & Lacey ''Cagney & Lacey'' is an American police procedural drama television series that aired on the CBS television network for seven seasons from March 25, 1982, to May 16, 1988. The show is about two New York City police detectives who lead very di ...

'' (1987-1997) *''

Cougar Town ''Cougar Town'' is an American television sitcom that ran for 102 episodes over six seasons, from September 23, 2009, until March 31, 2015. The first three seasons aired on ABC, with the series moving to TBS for the remaining three seasons. AB ...

'' (2010-201?) *'' Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior'' ''(Criminal Minds: Team Red)'' (2011, 2013-2014, 2016, 2018-present) *''

Crossing Lines ''Crossing Lines'' is a German-French-Italian-American action crime thriller television series created by Edward Allen Bernero and Rola Bauer. The series premiered on June 9, 2013, at the screening for the Opening Ceremonies of the 53rd editi ...

'' (2013-2015) *''

Dawson's Creek ''Dawson's Creek'' is an American teen drama television series about the lives of a close-knit group of friends in the fictional town of Capeside, Massachusetts, beginning in high school and continuing into college that ran from 1998 to 2003. ...

'' (1999-2001, 2005, 2007) *'' Deception'' (2018) *'' Der Bergdoktor'' (1992-1998) *'' Der Bulle von Tölz'' (1996-2009) *'' Der letzte Bulle'' (2010-2014) *''

Danni Lowinski ''Danni Lowinski'' is a German legal dramedy that premiered on Sat.1 on April 12, 2010, featuring Annette Frier as the eponymous character. The show was created by Marc Terjung, who also created the legal dramedy '' Edel & Starck'', and Benedikt ...

'' (2010-2014) *'' Edel & Starck'' (2002-2008, 2011-2012) *'' Ein Bayer auf Rügen'' (1993-1999, 2012) *'' Ein Mord für Quandt'' (1997-1999, 2001-2003) *'' Eine wie keine'' (2009-2010) *''Einstein'' (2017) *'' Eva Blond'' (2002-2007) *''

Falcon Crest ''Falcon Crest'' is an American prime time television soap opera that aired for nine seasons on CBS from December 4, 1981, to May 17, 1990. The series revolves around the feuding factions of the wealthy Gioberti/Channing family in the California ...

'' (1992-1995) *''

Frasier ''Frasier'' () is an American television sitcom that was broadcast on NBC for 11 seasons. It premiered on September 16, 1993, and ended on May 13, 2004. The program was created and produced by David Angell, Peter Casey, and David Lee (as Grub ...

'' (1997-2004) *'' Friends'' (1996-1998) *''

Für alle Fälle Stefanie ''Für alle Fälle Stefanie'' is a German medical drama television series created by Werner Krämer that aired on Sat.1 from 15 May 1995 to 29 August 2005. It was produced by Novafilm Fernsehproduktion. ''Für alle Fälle Stefanie'' follows t ...

'' (1995-2010) *''

Geliebte Schwestern ''Geliebte Schwestern'' is a German television series. See also * List of German television series External links * 1997 German television series debuts 1998 German television series endings German medical television series Television sho ...

'' (1997-1999) *'' General Hospital'' (1988-1991) *''

GSG 9 – Ihr Einsatz ist ihr Leben GSG 9 (''Grenzschutzgruppe 9'', literally Border Guard Group 9) is a German TV series about the special unit GSG 9 der Bundespolizei of the German Federal Police. It premiered in the spring of 2007. Its original title, ''GSG 9 - Ihr Einsatz ist ...

'' (2007-2008, 2012) *'' Hallo, Onkel Doc!'' (1994-2010) *'' Hand aufs Herz'' (2010-2011) *'' Hawaii Five-0'' (2011–present) *'' HeliCops – Einsatz über Berlin'' (1998-2005) *''

Homeland A homeland is a place where a cultural, national, or racial identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth. When used as a proper noun, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has ethn ...

'' (2013-2014, 2016) *''

Hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a ref ...

'' (1987-1992) *'' House of Cards'' (2013) *''Im Visier der Zielfahnder'' (2002-2005) *''

Instinct Instinct is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a particular complex behaviour, containing both innate (inborn) and learned elements. The simplest example of an instinctive behaviour is a fixed action pattern (FAP), in which a ...

'' (2018) *''Josephine Klick - Allein unter Cops'' (2014-2015) *'' Klinik am Alex'' (2009, 2012) *'' Lethal Weapon'' (2017) *''

Loving Loving may refer to: * Love, a range of human emotions * Loving (surname) * ''Loving v. Virginia'', a 1967 landmark United States Supreme Court civil rights case Film and television * ''Loving'' (1970 film), an American film * ''Loving'' (1 ...

'' ''(Wege der Liebe)'' (1994-1995) *'' MacGyver'' (2017–present) *''Mila'' (2015) *''

NCIS NCIS or N.C.I.S. may refer to: Law enforcement * National Criminal Intelligence Service, the predecessor to the Serious Organised Crime Agency of the United Kingdom * Naval Criminal Investigative Service, a United States law enforcement and intelli ...

'' (200?-201?) *'' NCIS: Los Angeles'' (2010-201?) *''

Numb3rs ''Numbers'' (stylized as ''NUMB3RS'') is an American crime drama television series that was broadcast on CBS from January 23, 2005, to March 12, 2010, for six seasons and 118 episodes. The series was created by Nicolas Falacci and Cheryl Heu ...

'' ''(Numb3rs - Die Logik des Verbrechens)'' (2007-2009) *'' Plötzlich Papa – Einspruch abgelehnt!'' (2008) *'' Profiling Paris'' (2015–present) *'' Public Morals'' (1999-2000) *''

R. I. S. – Die Sprache der Toten R. I. S. – Die Sprache der Toten (engl. ''R. I. S. – The Language of the Dead'') is a German television series broadcast by Sat.1 since 2007. The ''R. I. S.'' in the title is an acronym for ''Rechtsmedizinische Investigative Sonderkommission'' ...

'' (2007-2008) *'' Rush Hour'' (2017–present) *''

Schmetterlinge im Bauch ''Schmetterlinge im Bauch'' is a German television series. See also *List of German television series The following is a list of television series produced in Germany: Current Drama * ''4 Blocks'' (TNT Serie, 2017–2019) * ''Alarm für ...

'' (2006-2009) *'' Schwarz greift ein'' (1994-1999, 2004-2005) *''

Scorpion Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the order Scorpiones. They have eight legs, and are easily recognized by a pair of grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always endi ...

'' (2015–present) *'' SEAL Team'' (2018) *'' SK Kölsch'' (2001-2007) *''

Stadt, Land, Mord! ''Stadt, Land, Mord!'' is a German television series. See also * List of German television series External links * 2006 German television series debuts 2007 German television series endings German crime television series 2000s German poli ...

'' (2006-2010) *'' Stalker'' (2015) *''

Sylvia – Eine Klasse für sich ''Sylvia – Eine Klasse für sich'' ( en, Sylvia - A League of Their Own) was a German family series, which was produced by Sat.1. Synopsis The teacher Sylvia Waldmann is a popular teacher at Munich's Franz-Josef-Strauss-school (for the Oskar-v ...

'' (1998-2001, 2004-2005) *'' T. J. Hooker'' (1987-1991) *'' That's Life'' (2004-2010) *''

The Ellen Show ''The Ellen Show'' is an American television sitcom created by and starring Ellen DeGeneres that was broadcast during the 2001–02 season on CBS, aired from September 24, 2001, to January 11, 2002. It was DeGeneres' second attempt at a sitcom ...

'' (2007, 2011) *''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide ...

'' ''(The Guardian - Retter mit Herz)'' (2004, 2006-2009, 2014) *'' The Love Boat'' ''(Love Boat)'' (1985-1991, 1994-1996) *'' The Mentalist'' (2009-201?) *'' The Smurfs'' (2000) *'' The Unit - Eine Frage der Ehre'' (2007) *''

The Young and the Restless ''The Young and the Restless'' (often abbreviated as ''Y&R'') is an American television soap opera created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. The show is set in fictional Genoa City (not the real-life similarly-named Genoa City ...

'' ''(Schatten der Leidenschaft)'' (1993-1994) *'' Typisch Sophie'' (2004-2006) *'' V'' ''(V - Die außerirdischen Besucher kommen)'' (1988-1990) *''

Verliebt in Berlin ''Verliebt in Berlin'' (German pun for ''In Love in/with Berlin''; abbreviation: ViB) is a Golden Rose-winning German telenovela, starring Alexandra Neldel, along with Mathis Künzler, Tim Sander, and Laura Osswald. It premiered on 28 February 2 ...

'' (2005-2006) *'' Welcome Back, Kotter'' (1985) *'' Wolffs Revier'' (1992-2006) *'' Ugly Betty'' (2007, 2010) *''

Zorro Zorro ( Spanish for 'fox') is a fictional character created in 1919 by American pulp writer Johnston McCulley, appearing in works set in the Pueblo of Los Angeles in Alta California. He is typically portrayed as a dashing masked vigilant ...

'' ''(Zorro - Der schwarze Rächer)'' (1992-1995)

Sport

*''FuXX'' (1995-1999) *''Jump ran'', hosted by Lou Richter (1994-1995) *''ran fun'', hosted by Reinhold Beckmann (1995-1999) *''ran Fußball'' (1992–present) *''ran Boxen'' (1998–present) *''ranissimo - Sat.1 Fußball-Show'' (1992-1999) *''

Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters The Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM, German Touring Car Masters) is a grand touring car series sanctioned by ITR e.V. who have been affiliated to the DMSB- FIA since 1984. The series is based in Germany, with rounds elsewhere in Europe. The s ...

'' (2019–present)

Talk

*''Einspruch!'', hosted by Ulrich Meyer (1992-1994) *''Kerner'', hosted by Johannes B. Kerner (1996-1998) *''Schreinemakers Live'', hosted by

Margarethe Schreinemakers Margarethe Schreinemakers (born 27 July 1958) is a German television presenter, talk show host and journalist. Life Schreinemakers was born in Krefeld and studied sociology at the University of Bonn. She works as television presenter and journa ...

(1992-1996) *''Sonja'', hosted by

Sonja Zietlow Sonja Zietlow (born 13 May 1968) is a German television presenter. Biography Zietlow was born in Bonn. After she graduated from school and before her media career began in 1993, she worked as first officer for the German airline Lufthansa. W ...

(1997-2001) *''Talk im Turm'', hosted by Stefan Aust and Erich Böhme (1990-1999) *''Vera am Mittag'', hosted by

(1996-2008)

Logos

File:Sat 1 Logo 1980.svg, 1 January 1985 until 1986 File:Sat1 1986 bis 1996.svg, 1986 until 1996 File:SAT.1 LOGO 1996 bis 31. August.2001.png, 1996 until 31 August 2001 File:Sat. 1 Logo transparent.png, 16 August 2011 until 11 October 2016 File:Neues Sat. 1 Logo transparent.png, since 12 October 2016

Audience share

Germany

The average age of the viewers is 50.4 years (as of 2016).

References

External links

* {{Authority control Television stations in Germany Television stations in Austria Television stations in Switzerland Television channels and stations established in 1984 ProSiebenSat.1 Media 1984 establishments in West Germany Mass media in Munich