The ''S90'' class of torpedo boats was a group of large torpedo boats built for the German Empire, German Imperial German Navy, Imperial Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine'') in the early 20th century. They were ''Hochsee-Torpedoboot'' ("High seas torpedo boat") built to varying designs by Schichau-Werke, Schichau at Elbing (36 vessels) and Germaniawerft at Kiel (12 vessels). German torpedo boats were designated by shipbuilder, with the first letter of their designation reflecting their builder.Gardiner and Gray, p. 164

Design

General characteristics and machinery

These 48 vessels were built to ten different designs over the period 1898 to 1907. Thus they varied in dimensions, and they gradually increased in size as more vessels were built. The boats were length at the waterline, long at the waterline and length overall, long overall. They had beam (nautical) of and a draft (hull), draft of .Gröner, p. 170 The hull (watercraft), hull for each boat was divided into eleven watertight compartments, though after , a twelfth compartment was added. They had a crew of two officers and fifty-five enlisted men, though some of the boats had larger crews; had four more sailors, while ''G132'' had twelve more men, and had a crew of three officers and 78 enlisted. When serving as half-flotilla flagships, the boats would have a flotilla leader's staff of four officers and eleven enlisted men in addition to the standard crew. The vessels carried a yawl and a dinghy apiece.Gröner, p. 169 The ''S90''-class boats were propelled by a pair of vertical, 3-cylinder triple expansion engine, triple expansion steam engines that drove a pair of three-bladed screw propellers. Steam was provided by three coal-fired water-tube boilers. Two boats, and , were fitted with Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, Parsons steam turbines instead of the older reciprocating engines; ''G137'' also received an additional boiler. The reciprocating engine-powered boats were rated at from . Meanwhile, ''S125'' and ''G137'' were rated at and , and and , respectively. The boats had storage capacity for of coal. As a result, cruising radius varied significantly, from at . Each vessel was equipped with one or two 110-Volt generators for electrical power. Steering was controlled with a pair of rudders, one at the stern and the other in the bow.

Armament

Most of the ships of the class were armed with a main battery of three 5 cm SK L/40 gun, SK L/40Regarding German naval gun nomenclature, SK stands for "''Schnelladekanone''" (quick-loading gun) and L refers to the "''Länge''" (length) of the gun in terms of caliber (artillery), calibers. In the case of these guns, they were 40 calibers in length, or 40 times long as they were in diameter. guns in single pivot mounts. They were supplied with a total of 252 shells that weighed . The guns had a muzzle velocity of and a maximum range of at their highest elevation of 20 degrees. ''G132'', , , and were equipped with four 5.2 cm SK L/55 naval gun, SK L/55 guns in single gun mounts. These guns fired a similar 1.75 kg shell at a muzzle velocity of . The guns could elevate up to 20 degrees, at a maximum range of . was equipped with two of the 5.2 cm guns and one 8.8 cm SK L/35 naval gun, gun, while had three 5.2 cm guns and one 8.8 cm gun. The 8.8 cm gun fired a shell weighing at a muzzle velocity of . The gun could be elevated to 25 degrees, for a maximum range of . Many of the boats were rearmed throughout their time in service, trading their 5 cm or 5.2 cm guns for the more powerful 8.8 cm guns. All ships of the class carried three deck-mounted single torpedo tubes with five torpedoes.Gardiner and Gray, p. 140

Ships in class

Service history

Most of the ships served into World War I. ''S90'' sank the on 17 October 1914, and was scuttled at Tsingtao later that day. Four of these boats took part in the Battle off Texel on the exact same day, in which a British light cruiser and four destroyers destroyed the Seventh Half-Flotilla consisting of ''S119'', ''S115'', ''S117'' and ''S118''.

Footnotes

References

* * * {{WWI German ships Torpedo boats of the Imperial German Navy World War I torpedo boats of Germany