The S3 was a French land-based intermediate-range ballistic missile, equipped with a single 1.2- megatonne thermonuclear warhead. In France it is called an SSBS, for ''Sol-Sol Balistique Stratégique'', or Ground-Ground Strategic Ballistic Missile.

Design

The S3 is a two-stage, solid-propellant intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM). The first stage was inherited from the S2, with a P16 solid fuel engine and 4 exhausts. The first stage carries of fuel and burns for 72 seconds. The second stage carries and burns for 58 seconds. The nuclear warhead, a single 1.2 Mt TN 61, is hardened and carries penetration aids.

Operational history

From 1971, the main land-based component of the French nuclear deterrent ('' force de dissuasion'') was the S2 missile. In 1973, a programme was started to develop a second-generation "ground-ground ballistic strategic" (SSBS in French) missile, completed in 1980. Two groups totaling 18 S2 missile silos were upgraded to the S3 standard. A first 9-missile group was deployed at Apt-Saint-Christol air base, on the Plateau d'Albion in the Vaucluse region, entering service in 1982. The second group followed soon after. 40 missiles were built, 13 being used on trials. The S3 were originally planned to be replaced around 2005 by a land-based version of the M5, the submarine missile planned at the time. As the M5 project was itself delayed and eventually cancelled in favour of the M51, in 1994, the replacement was rescheduled to be a land-based version of the M45. The 18 S3D missile silos were deactivated in September 1996, and within two years and after an expenditure of US$77.5 million, the silos and related facilities were fully dismantled. They would not be replaced.

References

Image:Missile S3 musee du Bourget P1010640.JPG, General view of the missile Image:Missile S3 1er etage Musee du Bourget P1010432.JPG, First stage Image:Missile-S3-moteurs-fusee-du 1er etage Musee du Bourget P1010653.jpg, Exhaust of the first stage Image:Missile S3 deuxieme etage Musee du Bourget P1010438.JPG, Second stage Image:Missile-S3-Moteur-fusee-du_du_2eme_etage_Musee_du_Bourget.jpg, Exhaust of the second stage Image:Missile-S3-case-a-equipement du 2eme etage Musee du Bourget P1010647.jpg, Instruments of the 2nd stage Image:Missile S3 tête du missile musee du Bourget P1010436.JPG, Warhead Image:Misisile-S3 case a equipement de la tete du missile Musee deu Bourget P1010645.jpg, Instruments of the warhead Image:Centrale-intertielle missile S3 Musee du Bourget P1010652.JPG, Inertial unit Image:Silo cover and technical services building.jpg, Missile silo cover and technical services building at the Sirene Observatory, Plateau d'Albion Image:Missile silo cover 1.5m thickness.jpg, Missile silo cover 1.5m thick {{Use dmy dates, date=June 2017 Intermediate-range ballistic missiles Ballistic missiles of France Nuclear missiles of France Projects established in 1980 1980 in military history 1980s in France 1980 establishments in France 1996 disestablishments in France Military equipment introduced in the 1980s