Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (born 20 August 1931) is an Indian novelist, philosopher and screenwriter who writes in

Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...

. His work is popular in the state of

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

and he is widely regarded as one of modern India's popular novelists. His novels are unique in terms of theme, structure, and characterization. He has been among the top-selling authors in the Kannada language and his books have been translated into

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

and

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India **Marathi people (Uttar Pradesh), the Marathi people in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Mar ...

which have also been bestsellers. Bhyrappa's works do not fit into any specific

genre Genre () is any style or form of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other fo ...

of contemporary

Kannada literature Kannada literature is the Text corpus, corpus of written forms of the Kannada language, which is spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka and written in the Kannada script. Attestations in literature span one and a half millennia, R.S. ...

such as Navodaya, Navya, Bandaya, or Dalita, partly because of the range of topics he writes about. His major works have been at the center of several heated public debates and controversies. He was awarded the 20th

Saraswati Samman The Saraswati Samman is an annual award for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any of the 23 languages of India listed in Schedule VIII of the Constitution of India. It is named after the Hindu goddess of knowledge, Saraswati. The Sar ...

in 2010. In March 2015, Bhyrappa was awarded the

Sahitya Akademi Fellowship The Sahitya Akademi Fellowship is a literary honour in India bestowed by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.Quote: "In his acceptance speech when India's National Academy of Letters (Sahitya Akademi) in 1997 conferred its h ...

. The Government of India awarded him with the civilian honour of the

Padma Shri The Padma Shri (IAST: ''padma śrī'', lit. 'Lotus Honour'), also spelled Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. In ...

in 2016 and the

Padma Bhushan The Padma Bhushan (IAST: ''Padma Bhūṣaṇa'', lit. 'Lotus Decoration') is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 Januar ...

in 2023.

Biography

Early life

S L Bhyrappa was born at Santeshivara, a village in the

Channarayapatna Channarāyapatna or Channarāyapattana is a town and Taluk headquarters in Hassan district of Karnataka, India. It lies on the Bangalore-Mangalore National Highway-75 in Karnataka, India. Jain pilgrimage Shravanabelagola is a famous site in th ...

taluk A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administrative ...

Hassan district Hassan is one of the districts of Karnataka, 31 districts of Karnataka, India. The district headquarter is Hassan, Karnataka, Hassan. It was part of ''Manjarabad Faujdari'' between 1832-81 (Mysore Commission, Commissioner's Rule of Mysore). In ...

, about from

Bangalore Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

. He came from a traditional

Hoysala Karnataka Hoysala Karnataka Brahmins are a community of Smarta Brahmins originating in the Hoysala Empire. The empire ruled most of what is now Karnataka between the 10th and the 14th centuries. Diet The community has traditionally followed a strict veg ...

Brahmin Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). Th ...

family. He lost his mother and brothers to

Bubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of Plague (disease), plague caused by the Bacteria, bacterium ''Yersinia pestis''. One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and ...

in his early childhood and took on odd jobs to pay for his education. During his childhood, he was influenced by the writings of

Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar Goruru Ramaswamy Iyengar (1904–1991), popularly known as Goruru, was an Indian writer who wrote in Kannada. He was well known for his humour and satire. Early life Goruru Ramaswami Iyengar was born at "Goruru" in Hassan district of Karnataka ...

. His date of birth as per school records is 20 August 1931 and he has declared in his autobiography ''Bhitti'' that his actual date of birth is different. (Bhitti p. 50 First edition) Bhyrappa completed his primary education in Channarayapatna taluk before moving to

Mysore Mysore ( ), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the ...

where he completed the rest of his education. In his autobiography, ''

Bhitti ''Bhitti'' is the autobiography of kannada novelist S.L. Bhyrappa. First published in 1996, the book had 11 reprints as of May, 2018 and has been translated to Hindi, Marathi and English language English is a West Germanic language that ...

'' (Wall) he wrote that he took a break during his high school education. Bhyrappa impulsively quit school, following his cousin's advice and wandered for a year with him. His sojourn led him to

Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...

, where he worked as a

railway porter A porter is a railway employee. The role of a porter is to assist passengers at railway stations, and to handle the loading, unloading, and distribution of luggage and parcels. In the United States the term was formerly used for employees who atte ...

. In Mumbai he met a group of

sadhu ''Sadhu'' (, IAST: ' (male), ''sādhvī'' or ''sādhvīne'' (female), also spelled ''saddhu'') is a religious ascetic, mendicant or any holy person in Hinduism and Jainism who has renounced the worldly life. They are sometimes alternatively ...

s and joined them to seek spiritual solace. He wandered with them for a few months before returning to Mysore to resume his education .

Education

Bhyrappa attended Navodaya High School,

, Sharada Vilas High School,

. He earned a B.A (Hons) – Philosophy (Major), at

Mysore University The University of Mysore is a public state university in Mysore, Karnataka, India. The university was founded during the reign of Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV and the premiership of Sir M. Visvesvaraya. The university is recognised by t ...

and earned an M.A in Philosophy as well as being awarded the

gold medal A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture. Since the eighteenth century, gold medals have b ...

by Mysore University. He earned a Doctor of Philosophy – ''Satya mattu Soundarya'' (Truth and Beauty) written in English, at

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, formerly Baroda College, is a public university in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Originally established as a college in 1881, it became a public university on April 30, 1949 and was renamed after ...

Career

S L Bhyrappa was a lecturer of Logic and Psychology at Sri Kadasiddheshwar College,

Hubli Hubli (officially Hubballi) is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. The twin cities Hubli–Dharwad form the second largest city in the state by area and population and the largest city in North Karnataka. Hubli is in Dharwad district of ...

;

Sardar Patel University Sardar Patel University (SPU) is a public state university in Vallabh Vidyanagar, a Anand City Gujarat, India. It is named after politician Vallabhbhai Patel and was founded in October 1955 by an Act of the Legislative Assembly of the then-Bomb ...

Gujarat Gujarat () is a States of India, state along the Western India, western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the List of states and union territories ...

;

NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) () is an autonomous organisation of Ministry of Education, the Government of India. Established in 1961, it is a literary, scientific and charitable Society under the Societies Re ...

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...

; and the Regional College of Education,

from which he retired in 1991. Bhyrappa has two sons and lives with his wife in Mysore. Bhyrappa' works are published in English, Kannada, and Sanskrit, and taught in Indian Studies and Western Philosophy courses.

Works

Starting with ''Bheemakaya'', first published in 1958, Bhyrappa has authored twenty four novels in a career spanning more than five decades. ''Vamshavruksha'', ''Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane'', ''Matadana'' and ''Nayi Neralu'' were made into films that received critical acclaim. ''Vamshavruksha'' has received the Kannada Sahitya Academy Award in 1966 and ''Daatu'' (Crossing Over) received both the

and the Kendra Sahitya Academy awards in 1975. ''Parva'', the most critically acclaimed of all his novels narrates the social structure, values and mortality in the epic of

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...

very effectively. Bhyrappa reconstructs the Mahabharatha from sociological and anthropological angle, through metaphors in this novel. ''Tantu'', a Kannada novel was published in 1993. ''Tantu'' ( meaning 'cord' or 'links') explored relations or links between human emotions. It was translated into English in the year 2010 by Niyogi Books. ''Tantu'' was followed by

Saartha ''Saartha'' (meaning "caravan") is an historical novel written in the Kannada language by Indian writer S. L. Bhyrappa. Through a caravan, the book explores the whole of 8th-century India, covering the political, economic, artistic and spiritu ...

which was published in 1998. And his recent work, ''Scion'', is a beautiful translation of the Kannada original ''Vamshvrishka'' by R Ranganath Prasad, getting published by Niyogi Books in 2023.

Popularity

Many of Bhyrappa's novels have been translated into other Indian languages and English. Bhyrappa has been one of the best-selling authors in Kannada for the past twenty-five years, and translations of his books have been best sellers for the past eight years in

and in the past five years in

. Most of his novels have been reprinted several times. His recently printed novel ''

Aavarana ''Aavarana'' is a 2007 Kannada novel by novelist S. L. Bhyrappa. Aavarana ( ' meaning 'to conceal') can be translated as "veil," and more broadly as something that conceals, envelops, or hides. ''Aavarana'' was sold out even before its release ...

'', was sold out even before its release. The novel went on to create a record in Indian literary circles with ten reprints within five months of its publication. His novel '' Yaana'' (Journey), was released in August 2014. In 2017 his latest novel '' UttaraKaanda'' based on the Hindu epic Ramayana was published. Bhyrappa announced that this novel will be his last novel and due to advanced age he cannot undertake any new ventures. After a long gap of 62 years his second novel '' Belaku Mooditu'' was published in 2021. All of his novels are published by Sahitya Bhandara in

Bengaluru Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

, Karnataka.

Controversies

Bhyrappa was the center of several controversies because of his themes and positions on sensitive issues. Some of his prominent novels (such as ''Vamshavruksha, Tabbaliyu Neenaade Magane, Parva,'' and ''Saartha'') have strong roots in ancient Indian philosophical tradition, thus inviting severe criticism from Navya writers and from others. Bhyrappa supported

N. R. Narayana Murthy Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy (born 20 August 1946) is an Indian billionaire businessman. He is one of the seven co-founders of Infosys, and was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and chief mentor of the company before ...

when he was criticized by the media and the public regarding the controversy over playing an instrumental version of the national anthem at an important occasion. He also backed N. R. Narayana Murthy regarding the Kaveri issue saying riots and protests are not going to solve the problem. Bhyrappa had a debate with

Girish Karnad Girish Karnad (19 May 1938 – 10 June 2019) was an Indian playwright, actor, film director, Kannada writer, and a Jnanpith awardee, who predominantly worked in Kannada, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Marathi films. His rise as a playwr ...

in the publication ''

Vijaya Karnataka ''Vijaya Karnataka'' is a Kannada newspaper published from a number of cities in Karnataka. The newspaper is published from Bengaluru, Hubballi, Mangaluru, Shivamogga, Kalaburagi, Gangavathi, Belagavi, Davanagere, Hassan, Chitradurga. It was ...

'' regarding the religious tolerance of 18th century Mysore ruler

Tippu Sultan Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ...

. In Bhyrappa's novel ''

'', he accuses Tippu Sultan of being a religious fanatic who could not stand Hindus in his court. Bhyrappa has attempted to substantiate his argument based on several historical sources written in India. For example, Bhyrappa has pointed to the usage of the Arabic patronymic ''bin'' (used in personal names to mean "son of") in governmental records, which Bhyrappa claims has continued even into modern times in Karnataka. According to Bhyrappa, this practice, initiated under the rule of Tippu Sultan, was one of several methods used to enforce Islamic rule on Hindus. The book discusses other methods used by Tippu Sultan to convert Hindus to Islam. This view was criticized by Girish Karnad, who has portrayed Tippu Sultan as a secular ruler in his plays. Bhyrappa has countered that Karnad portrays Tippu Sultan inaccurately in his plays. U.R. Ananthamurthy was a prominent critic of Bhyrappa's novels. Bhyrappa has documented his debate with Ananthamurthy in ''

'', as well as in a few essays in his book ''Naaneke Bareyuttene''. Bhyrappa's more recent novel ''Aavarana'' brings out historical information about what Islamic rule did to ancient Indian social and cultural life. This has stirred a major controversy. There have been accusations leveled at Bhyrappa of being a Hindu fundamentalist who wants to divide society on the basis of history, an allegation which Bhyrappa anticipated and tried to refute by referring to notable sources. Ananthamurthy criticized Bhyrappa and his works, calling ''Aavarana'' "dangerous". Ananthamurthy accused Bhyrappa of being more of a debater than a storyteller. "He doesn't know what Hindu religion stands for" and "does not know how to write novels". However Bhyrappa claims that the novel was result of his search for truth and there was no ulterior motive behind the novel. He urged critics to study the reference books mentioned in the novel before arriving at any conclusion about it.

Accolades

National awards

* Padma Bhushan award (Government of India, 2023) * Bendre National award *

Padma Shri award The Padma Shri (IAST: ''padma śrī'', lit. 'Lotus Honour'), also spelled Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. In ...

(Government of India, 2016) *

(Government of India, 2015) * National Research Professor, (Government of India, 2014) *

for his novel

Mandra Mandra (), is a town and former municipality in West Attica, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Mandra-Eidyllia, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 205.770&n ...

(Birla Foundation, 2011). *

Sahitya Akademi Award The Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honour in India, which the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the 22 languages of the ...

(Government of India, 1975)

State awards

* Honorary Doctorate from Central University of Karnataka (2020) *

Nrupatunga Award The Nrupatunga Award is an award for excellence in Kannada literature in the Indian state of Karnataka. The award was instituted by the Kannada Sahitya Parishat and is sponsored by the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC). Inst ...

(2017, Kannada Sahitya Parishath and BMTC Bengaluru) * Sri Krishnadevaraya Award (Telugu Vignana Samithi, 2017) * Honorary Doctorate from Mysore University (2015). * Betageri Krishna Sharma Award (2014) * Vagvilasini Puraskar (Deenanath Memorial Foundation, Pune, 2012) * Nadoja Award (2011) * NTR National Literary Award (2007) * Honorary Doctorate from Gulbarga University (2007). *

Pampa Award The Pampa Award (or Pampa Prashasti) is a literary award in the Indian state of Karnataka. The award was established in 1987 by the government of Karnataka. It is the highest literary honor conferred by the Department of Kannada and Culture, Go ...

(2005). * President,

Kannada Sahitya Sammelana The Kannada Sahitya Sammelana () is the premier gathering of writers, poets and Kannadigas. It is held with the aim of preserving and developing the Kannada language, its literature, art, culture and music. It was started in 1915 by H. V. Nanj ...

Kanakapura Kanakapura is a city in the Bengaluru South District of Karnataka on the banks of the Arkavathi river and the administrative center of the taluk of the same name. Its founder is Shrihan Kanaka Sigmanath, hence its name. Kanakapura is largest ...

(1999) * Kannada Sahitya Academy award (Government of Karnataka, 1966)

Bibliography

Novels

*
Gatha Janma Matteradu Kathegalu
' (1955) * '' Bheemakaaya'' (1958) * ''Belaku Mooditu'' (1959) * ''

Dharmashree ''Dharmashree'' is a Kannada language novel written by S L Bhyrappa. This novel is about a man living who is a true believer of Sanathana Dharma. He converts to Christianity to marry a girl for his true love. The novel explores his inner searc ...

'' (1961) * ''

Doora saridaru Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (born 20 August 1931) is an Indian novelist, philosopher and screenwriter who writes in Kannada. His work is popular in the state of Karnataka and he is widely regarded as one of modern India's popular novelists ...

'' (1962) * '' Matadana'' (1965) * '' Vamshavriksha'' (1965) * ''Jalapaata'' (1967) * ''

Naayi Neralu ''Naayi Neralu'' (; ''Shadow of the Dog'') is a 2006 Indian Kannada language film directed by Girish Kasaravalli, based on a novel of the same name by writer S. L. Bhyrappa and has Pavitra Lokesh in the lead role. The film won three Karnata ...

'' (1968) * ''

Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane ''Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane'' ( ) or ''Godhuli'' is a 1977 Indian drama film co-directed by Girish Karnad and B. V. Karanth, starring Kulbhushan Kharbanda, Maanu, Om Puri and Naseeruddin Shah. It is based on the Kannada novel '' Tabbaliyu Neen ...

'' (1968) * ''

Gruhabhanga ''Grahabanga'' () is a well-known novel by one of the most important novelists in Kannada Bhyrappa, S L Bhyrappa. The plot depicts rural India, starts around the 1920s and ends around the 1960s. The story has the heroic struggle of a woman agai ...

'' (1970) * ''

Nirakarana ''Niraakarna'' (, ''Denial/dissent/refusal/negation'') is a Kannada language novel written by S L Bhyrappa Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa (born 20 August 1931) is an Indian novelist, philosopher and screenwriter who writes in Kannada. H ...

'' (1971) * ''

Grahana Grahana () refers to the Sanskrit term for an eclipse. Eclipses are regarded to be noteworthy phenomena in Hinduism, and legends involving their origin and purpose are featured in Hindu mythology. Literature An eclipse is classified as either a ...

'' (1972) * ''

Daatu ''Daatu'' (''meaning: cross'') is a novel by Kannada writer S L Bhyrappa for which he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for the year 1975. The Book has story which goes through the complex caste system that is deep rooted into Indian socie ...

'' (1973) * ''

Anveshana ''Anveshana'' () is a 1985 Indian Telugu language, Telugu-language Mystery film, mystery thriller film written and directed by Vamsy. The film stars Karthik (actor), Karthik, Bhanupriya, Kaikala Satyanarayana, and Sarath Babu, with music compo ...

'' (1976) * ''

Parva Alpha-parvin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PARVA'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcrib ...

''1979) * '' Nele'' (1983) * '' Sakshi''(1986) * '' Anchu'' (1990) * ''

Tantu ''Tantu'' is a 1993 Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native ...

'' (1993) * ''

'' (1998) * ''

'' (2001) * ''

'' (2007) * ''

Kavalu Kavalu is a 2010 Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native ...

'' (2010) * '' Yaana'' (2014) * '' Uttarakaanda'' (2017)

Autobiography

* ''

'' (1996)

Criticism

*
Satya mattu Soundarya
' (1966) (Doctoral thesis) *
Saahitya mattu Prateeka
' (1967) *
Kathe mattu Kathavastu
' (1969) *
Naaneke Bareyuttene?
' (1980) *
Sandarbha : Samvada
' (2011) * Saakshi Parva (2019)

Short stories

His short story "Avva" was published in the '' Kasturi'' magazine and it's considered as his maiden short story.

Translations

* ''Dharmashree'' :

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

* ''Vamshavruksha'' :

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of South India ** Telugu literature, is the body of works written in the Telugu language. * Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Tel ...

, Marathi,

Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...

, English * ''Nayi-Neralu'' :

Gujarati Gujarati may refer to: * something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India * Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat * Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them * Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub- ...

* ''Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane'' : Hindi * ''Gruhabhanga'' : All 14 scheduled languages of India, English * ''Nirakarana'' : Hindi * ''Daatu'' : All 14 scheduled languages of India, English * ''Anveshana'' : Marathi, Hindi * ''Parva'' : Telugu, Marathi, Hindi,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

Tamil Tamil may refer to: People, culture and language * Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia **Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka ** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...

, English * ''Nele'' : Hindi * ''Sakshi'' : Hindi, English * ''Anchu'' : Marathi, Hindi, English * ''Tantu'' : Marathi, Hindi * ''Sartha'' : Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, English *

: Sanskrit, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil, English, Telugu * ''Naneke Bareyuttene'' : Marathi, English * ''Satya mattu Soundarya'' : English * ''

'' : Marathi, Hindi, English * ''Mandra'' : Marathi, Hindi, English

Visual Media

Films

* '' Vamshavruksha'' (1972) * ''

'' (1977) * '' Matadana'' (2001) * '' Nayi-Neralu'' (2006)

Television series

* ''Gruhabhanga'' * ''Daatu'' (Hindi)

Footnotes

References