Rūrutu is the northernmost island in the Austral archipelago of

French Polynesia French Polynesia ( ; ; ) is an overseas collectivity of France and its sole #Governance, overseas country. It comprises 121 geographically dispersed islands and atolls stretching over more than in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. The t ...

, and the name of a commune consisting solely of that island. It is situated south of

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian language, Tahitian , ; ) is the largest island of the Windward Islands (Society Islands), Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France. It is located in the central part of t ...

. Its land area is .Environnement marin des îles Australes
p. 205 It is 10.8 km long and 5.3 km wide. Its highest point (Manureva) is . At the 2022 census it had a population of 2,163. Geologically, Rurutu was initially formed 12 million years ago by the

Macdonald hotspot The Macdonald hotspot (also known as "Tubuai" or "Old Rurutu") is a volcanic hotspot in the southern Pacific Ocean. The hotspot was responsible for the formation of the Macdonald Seamount, and possibly the Austral-Cook Islands chain. It probab ...

, a hotspot associated with the

Macdonald seamount Macdonald seamount (named after Gordon A. Macdonald) is a seamount in Polynesia, southeast of the Austral Islands and in the neighbourhood of a system of seamounts that include the Ngatemato seamounts and the Taukina seamounts. It rises from ...

. Over the next 10 million years, erosion shrank the island until it was almost an

atoll An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical parts of the oceans and seas where corals can develop. Most ...

. Then, just over a million years ago, Rurutu passed over the

Arago hotspot Arago hotspot (also known as the Rurutu hotspot, Young Rurutu hotspot or Atiu hotspot) is a hotspot in the Pacific Ocean, presently located below the Arago seamount close to the island of Rurutu, French Polynesia. Arago is part of a family of ...

, which lifted it roughly 150 meters. Steep sea cliffs of ancient coral lifted by the event—called ''makatea''—now largely encircle the island. These are riddled with

cave Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance undergrou ...

s filled with

concretion A concretion is a hard and compact mass formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil. Concretions are often ovoid or spherical in shape, although irregular shapes a ...

s—indeed, Rurutu is largely unique among islands in French Polynesia in that its historic inhabitants were cave-dwelling. Because it is endowed with a

fringing reef A fringing reef is one of the three main types of coral reef. It is distinguished from the other main types, barrier reefs and atolls, in that it has either an entirely shallow backreef zone (lagoon) or none at all. If a fringing reef grows direc ...

, Rurutu has in recent years become known for

whale Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully Aquatic animal, aquatic placental mammal, placental marine mammals. As an informal and Colloquialism, colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea ...

watching:

humpback whale The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the monotypic taxon, only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh u ...

s come and reproduce here between July and October within easy sighting distance from the beach. Although its tiny community still subsists primarily on fishing and basic agriculture, tourism has been a growing industry, especially since

François Mitterrand François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was a French politician and statesman who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest holder of that position in the history of France. As a former First ...

's visit in 1990. Whale watching season sees the bulk of tourists, but the largely untouched native culture, the white sand beaches, and the lush tropical flora draw small numbers of tourists year-round.

Administration

The commune of Rurutu consists of the island of Rurutu, and is subdivided into the following associated communes:Décret n°72-407 du 17 mai 1972 portant création de communes dans le territoire de la Polynésie française

Légifrance Légifrance () is the official website of the French government for the publication of legislation, regulations, and legal information. It was established by decree in 2002. Access to the site is free. Virtually complete, it presents or refers to ...

* Avera * Hauti * Moerai

Notable people

Teuruarii IV Teuruarii IV, born Epatiana a Teuruarii (8 August 1879 – ), was the last King of Rurutu, an island within the larger Austral Islands archipelago, who ruled from around 1886 until the annexation of the island to France in 1900. Proclaimed king ...

, last king of Rurutu

References

External links

*
Natural and cultural heritage of Rurutu on Tahiti Heritage with Google maps
{{authority control Islands of the Austral Islands Communes of French Polynesia

Administration

Notable people

See also

References

External links