Rózsaszentmárton is a village in

Heves County Heves county (, ) lies in northern Hungary, between the right bank of the river Tisza and the Mátra and Bükk mountains. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Pest (county), Pest, Nógrád (county), Nógrád, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, located beside the Ágó creek, under the

Mátra The Mátra () is a mountain range in northern Hungary, between the towns Gyöngyös and Eger. The country's highest peak, Kékestető (1014 m), belongs to this mountain range. Formation Pre-volcanic formations The formation of the Mátra ...

mountain ranges. As of the 2022 census, it has a population of 1854 (see Demographics). The village is located 6.5 km from (Nr. 81) the

Hatvan–Fiľakovo railway Hatvan– Fiľakovo railway is a non-electrified railway connecting Hatvan, Hungary with Fiľakovo, Slovakia. Once a major connecting railway, the line currently sees only local Regionalbahn service and local goods traffic. It is double tracke ...

line, 7.0 km from the main road 21 and 18.0 km from the M3 motorway. The closest train station with public transport is in Zagyvaszántó.

History

An independent village arose between 1000 and 1050 in the area that was already inhabited in prehistoric times. It was probably donated by King Samuel to a knight named ''Fanchal'', in whose memory the settlement bore the name ''Fancsal'' for centuries. But the first mention of the village is recorded in 1231. In 1325 King Charles I gave it to , but in 1414 it was already owned by the Jákófi and Fedémesi families. Only 4 families lived in the village in 1564 and only 6 in 1690. In the 18th century it was part of the

Hatvan Hatvan ( German: ''Hottwan)'' is a town in Heves County, Hungary. Hatvan is the Hungarian word for "sixty". It is the county's third most populous town following Eger and Gyöngyös. Etymology Hatvan is the Hungarian word for "sixty". It is a com ...

manor. The population growned to 27 families to 1720.

King Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

given Fancsal to Count Gundaker Starhemberg in 1723, what bought by Count

Antal Grassalkovich Anton Graf Grassalkovich de Kmeťovo, Gyarak (Ürmény, 6 March 1694 – Gödöllő, 1 December 1771) was an Imperial Real Privy Councilor, President of the Royal Hungarian Court Chamber, Chief Justice of Hungary (1731–1748), and confidant of ...

in 1741. Grassalkovich built the

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

church of the village in 1780 and the parish house in 1800. The owner of Fancsal was

Georgios Sinas Georgios Sinas (, ; 20 November 1783 – 18 May 1856) was an Austrian-Greek entrepreneur and banker. He became a national benefactor of Greece and was the father of another Greek national benefactor, Simon Sinas. He was also the founder of the N ...

, then

Simon Sinas Simon von Sina or Simon Sinas (; 1810–1876) was an Austrian-Greek banker, aristocrat, benefactor and diplomat. He was one of the most important benefactors of the Greek nation together with his father Georgios Sinas. Biography Simon Sinas was ...

between 1841 and 1864. The population lived from agriculture: wood extraction and

winemaking Winemaking, wine-making, or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its Ethanol fermentation, fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of wine-making stretches over ...

. In 1873 the

cholera Cholera () is an infection of the small intestine by some Strain (biology), strains of the Bacteria, bacterium ''Vibrio cholerae''. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea last ...

, than in 1889 the

phylloxera Grape phylloxera is an insect pest of grapevines worldwide, originally native to eastern North America. Grape phylloxera (''Daktulosphaira vitifoliae'' (Fitch 1855) belongs to the family Phylloxeridae, within the order Hemiptera, bugs); orig ...

destroyed the population and grapes.The first

lignite Lignite (derived from Latin ''lignum'' meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest ...

mine started in 1890, but its bankcrupted. In 1903 the village got its current name from the wild rose bushes at the border of the village and the patron saint of the church. In 1904 the winemaking at the village was restarted with state support and in 1917 the

mining Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...

was restarted. In the 1950s the number of shafts grew and a miners' school and apartments were created. The appearance of

open-pit mining Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock (geology), rock or minerals from the earth. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially ...

marked the end of mining in the settlement in 1968. The memory of the mining is preserved in the Lignite Mining Memorial House, the entrance of the shaft, the E-303 excavator monument and the tradition of the Miner's Day and the Barbara Day. After 1999 built up the

Saint Stephen Stephen (; ) is traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity."St ...

fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" ( genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. Fountains were o ...

, the new

village hall A village hall is a public building in a rural or suburban community which functions as a community centre without a religious affiliation. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a village hall is a building which is owned by a local gover ...

, a hostel and the

retirement home A retirement home – sometimes called an old people's home, old folks' home, or old age home, although ''old people's home'' can also refer to a nursing home – or rest home, is a multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly. Ty ...

.The notable native of the village is (1947–) electric engineer.

Demographics

According the 2022 census, 94.6% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 0.5% were

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

and 5.4% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 42.0%

, 3.3%

Calvinist Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Protestantism, Continenta ...

, 0.5%

Greek Catholic Greek Catholic Church or Byzantine-Catholic Church may refer to: * The Catholic Church in Greece * The Eastern Catholic Churches The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also known as the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Ea ...

, 15.0% non-denominational, and 35.8% did not wish to answer. 5 people live a mine camp beside of the Shaft I. Population by years:

Politics

''Mayors since 1990'': * 1990–2002: Mrs. János Láng (independent) * 2002–2024: Mrs. János Sipos (until 2019 independent, from then

Fidesz–KDNP Fidesz–KDNP Party Alliance (), formerly also known as the Alliance of Hungarian Solidarity (), is a right-wing national conservative political alliance of two political parties in Hungary, the Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (Fidesz) and ...

) *2024–: Márk Huczka (independent)

References

Populated places in Heves County {{Heves-geo-stub