The Régiment de Royal Marine was an infantry regiment of the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the Middle Ages, medieval and Early modern France, early modern period. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe from th ...

, established in 1669.Historique « Susane » du régiment Royal-Marine
/ref> The regiment was directly involved in the

Day of the Tiles The Day of the Tiles () was an event that took place in the French town of Grenoble on 7 June 1788. It was one of the first disturbances preceding the French Revolution and is credited by a few historians as its start. Background Various econo ...

(), which took place in

Grenoble Grenoble ( ; ; or ; or ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of the Isère Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region ...

on June 7, 1788. The last unit of the regiment was incorporated into the 23 demi-brigade on March 21, 1797 and the regiment ceased to exist.

Lineage

*December 20, 1669 : creation of Régiment Royal–La Marine. *1671 : transferred to the

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*January 1, 1791 : renamed 60th Line Infantry Regiment () *1769 : the 1st battalion was reformed by incorporation into the 20th Line Infantry Demi-Brigade () during the formation of the demi-brigade. *March 21, 1797 : reformed, the 2nd battalion was incorporated into the 23rd Line Infantry Demi-Brigade () during the formation of the demi-brigade.

Equipment

Flags

Royal-La Marine Regiment had three flags: one "blanc Colonel" (white cross with golden

fleur-de-lis The ''fleur-de-lis'', also spelled ''fleur-de-lys'' (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a common heraldic charge in the (stylized) shape of a lily (in French, and mean and respectively). Most notably, the ''fleur-de-lis'' ...

), and two "drapeaux d'Ordonnance" (blue and auroras)''Cinquième abrégé général du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer'', Lemau de la Jaisse, Paris, 1739Pictures of Royal-La Marine soldiers
/ref> Rég de Roy-La Marine 1669.png, Rég de Roy-La Marine Col.png,

Uniforms

Roy marine inf 1720.png, Roy Marine inf 1734.png, 44RI Roy Marine1762.png, Royal Marine 61RI 1776.png, Royal Marine 61RI 1779.png, 60RI Roy Marine1791.png,

Colonels and Mestres de camp

*December 24, 1669 : Henri Charles de Beaumanoir, marquis of Lavardin *1672 : N., comte de Clere *November 1, 1674 : Antoine de Pas de Feuquières, marquis of Feuquières *August 4, 1676 : Louis-Fauste de Brichanteau, marquis of Nangis, brigadier since April 26, 1689, † 22 août 1690 *September 3, 1690 : Louis Armand de Brichanteau, marquis of Nangis, brigadier le since October 26, 1704,

maréchal de camp ''Maréchal de camp'' (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848. The rank originated from the older rank of sergeant major general ( French: ''sergent-major général'') ...

since June 19, 1708, lieutenant général since March 8, 1718, maréchal de France since February 11, 1741, † October 8, 1742 *September 12, 1699 : Charles d’Angennes de Poigny, count of Angennes de Poigny, brigadier since June 19, 1708, † September 11, 1709 *October 1, 1709 : Louis Desmarets de Maillebois, baron of Châteauneuf, brigadier since February 1, 1719 *January 10, 1727 : Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, marquis, then duke of Antin, brigadier since August 1, 1734, maréchal de camp since February 10, 1743, † December 9, 1743 *March 10, 1734 : Louis de Durfort Duras, knight, then count, then duke of Lorges, brigadier since February 20, 1743, maréchal de camp since June 1, 1745, lieutenant général since May 10, 1748, † December 10, 1775 *May 26, 1745 : Joachim de Dreux, knight, then marquis of Dreux, brigadier since 1745, Maréchal de camp since 1748, lieutenant général since December 17, 1759 *February 1, 1749 : Louis-Marie-François-Gaston de Lévis, marquis of Mirepoix, brigadier since July 13, 1756 *July 28, 1759 : Louis-Marie de Chapelle, count of Jumilhac *December 1, 1762 : Charles-Emmanuel, knight of Saint-Mauris *June 22, 1767 : Philippe-Mathieu-Marie, count of Lons *January 1, 1784 : Agricole-Marie de Merle, marquis of Ambert *July 25, 1791 : Marie-Joseph-Gabriel-Apollinaire Morard d’Arcès *November 23, 1791 : Henri-François Morille de Boulard.

Campaigns and battles

In December 1669, Colbert - who assumed command of naval (la marine) services after having nominated in November Louis de Bourbon, the legitimate heir of

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

, aged only ten years, to the Admiralty of France - enacted an ordinance which created two regiments destined for naval service on the vessels and in the colonies. The regiments were designated « Royal-La Marine » and « Amiral ». The regiment Royal-La Marine was attached to the Flotte du Ponant. The Royal Navy () in need of quality marine offices, nominated the possibility of having naval officers of the two regiment as marine officers. In the same spirit on December 26, 1669, was constituted, a « Garde de Monsieur l'Amiral » ( Guard of Monsieur Admiral ), even referred as « Garde de Monsieur le comte de Vermandois » ( Guard of Monsieur the Count of Vermandois ), which was created to become a crucible of marine officers. With Louvois intervention, a new regulation of July 1670 passed the nomination of the officers of these two regiments - attached to the navy since creation - to the authority of the ministère de la Guerre, while also amending the possibility to pass naval officers to form the officers marine corps. Such a new regulation was the first passage of the "bigor" of the navy () to the

. The only service at sea of these two regiments was brief. In August 1670, they embarked on the fleet of Duquesne on their way to the

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and Green Cape, and were back in Brest on March 11, 1671. On August 13, 1704, while through the decisive

Battle of Blenheim The Battle of Blenheim (; ; ) fought on , was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. The overwhelming Allied victory ensured the safety of Vienna from the Franco-Bavarian army, thus preventing the collapse of the reconstituted G ...

(), during the

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

(), Le Royal-La Marine was part of the reserve army of maréchal Marsin, foreseen to support the Franco-Bavarian, placed under the command of Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard and

Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria Maximilian II (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Electorate of Bavaria, Bavaria and a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was also the last governor of the Spani ...

. From 1720 to 1721, the regiment was garrisoned at Souppes sur Loing (Seine et Marne) and participated in the construction of the canal du Loing. On June 27, 1743, the regiment participated in the

Battle of Dettingen The Battle of Dettingen took place on 27 June 1743 during the War of the Austrian Succession, near Karlstein am Main in Bavaria. An alliance composed of British, Hanoverian and Austrian troops, known as the Pragmatic Army, defeated a French ...

(). The following year, the regiment participated in the Siege of Menin (1744), the Siege of Ypres (1744), then Furnes, prior to joining the army of maréchal de Saxe at Courtrai. From 1779 to 1782, the régiment Royal-La Marine participated in operations in the

Antilles The Antilles is an archipelago bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and west, the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east. The Antillean islands are divided into two smaller groupings: the Greater An ...

. The 1st battalion of the 60th Line Infantry Regiment conducted the campaign of 1794 at the armée de l'Ouest (); the 2^e, embarked at La Rochelle in 1792 for

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, where garrison would be held until 1794.

Personalities having served in the Régiment Royal–La Marine

* Joseph Claude Vincent de Kermoysan, Breton knight, was Captain of the Regiment between 1740 and 1750. *In 1780, Amateur-Jérôme Le Bras des Forges de Boishardy (), son of a musketeer, entered the Regiment, where he stayed twelve years. *In the same year,

Jean Baptiste Bernadotte Charles XIV John (; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. In Norway, he is known as Charles III John () and before he became royalty in ...

(), future

Marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

and then

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and

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, began his military career by entering the regiment as a soldier at the age of 17. In 1789, he became sergeant.

Notes and references

{{DEFAULTSORT:Regiment Royal-La Marine Military units and formations established in the 1690s Military units and formations disestablished in 1797 Infantry regiments of the Ancien Régime