Ruth Ottman Riddle (born 10 March 1964
) is a Canadian
Branch Davidian
The Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) were an apocalyptic new religious movement founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden. They regard themselves as a continuation of the General Association of ...
and survivor of the
Waco siege
The Waco siege, also known as the Waco massacre, was the law enforcement siege of the compound that belonged to the religious sect Branch Davidians. It was carried out by the U.S. federal government, Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S ...
. Riddle was raised in the
Seventh-day Adventist Church
The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventism, Adventist Protestantism, Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the Names of the days of the week#Numbered days of the week, seventh day of the ...
. She was born as Ruth Ellen Ottman. Riddle was one of nine survivors of the 19 April 1993 fire that destroyed the
Mount Carmel Center
The Mount Carmel Center was a large compound building used by the Branch Davidians religious group located near Axtell, Texas, 20 miles north-east of Waco. The Branch Davidians were a breakaway sect from Davidian Seventh Adventists, established ...
and most of its occupants. She carried with her after leaving the compound a copy of
David Koresh
David Koresh (; born Vernon Wayne Howell; August 17, 1959 – April 19, 1993) was an American cult leader who played a central role in the Waco siege of 1993. As the head of the Branch Davidians, a religious sect and offshoot of the Davidian Sev ...
's final incomplete
manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced ...
which after creating he agreed to leave. It was reprinted in
James D. Tabor
James Daniel Tabor (born 1946 in Texas) is a Biblical scholar and Professor of Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, where he has taught since 1989 and ser ...
and
Eugene V. Gallagher
Eugene V. Gallagher (born June 23, 1950) is an American professor of religious studies at Connecticut College. His department lists his specializations as: History of religion, New religious movements, New Testament and early Christianity, West ...
's book ''
Why Waco?: Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America''.
She was married to another Branch Davidian, James Loyle Riddle, who died in the 19 April 1993 fire. Her niece, Misty Dawn Ferguson, survived the fire as well. She was formerly of
Tweed, Ontario
Tweed is a municipality located in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, in Hastings County.
History
The Municipality of Tweed is an amalgamated municipality comprising the former Village of Tweed and the former Hungerford Township and former El ...
. However, other sources indicate she is from
Oshawa, Ontario
Oshawa ( , also ; 2021 population 175,383; Census Metropolitan Area, CMA 415,311) is a city in Ontario, Canada, on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It lies in Southern Ontario, approximately east of Downtown Toronto. It is commonly viewed as the ...
.
Waco siege and survival
Agreeing that he would leave the compound after making a manuscript of his interpretation of the
seven seals
The Seven Seals of God from the Bible's Book of Revelation are the seven symbolic seals (, ''sphragida'') that secure the book or scroll that John of Patmos saw in an apocalyptic vision. The opening of the seals of the document occurs in Rev C ...
in the
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament (and consequently the final book of the Christian Bible). Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: , meaning "unveiling" or "revelation". The Book o ...
, Riddle typed out an incomplete manuscript on a battery-powered
word processor
A word processor (WP) is a device or computer program that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.
Word processor (electronic device), Early word processors were stand-alone devices ded ...
just before the 19 April 1993 fire.
Riddle reportedly jumped from a second-story window to the ground on 19 April 1993 after the fire started, but returned to the Mount Carmel Center. An FBI agent, James McGee, left his
Bradley Combat Engineer Vehicle and asked her where the children of the Branch Davidians were, but Riddle provided no answer. McGee carried Riddle out of the compound soon after their interaction. She sustained burn injuries to her feet and a broken ankle. The ''
Tampa Bay Times
The ''Tampa Bay Times'', previously named the ''St. Petersburg Times'' until 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida, United States. It has won fourteen Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, won two in a single ...
'' reported however that she fell to the ground outside the compound, not inside.
Catherine Wessinger
Catherine Wessinger () is an American religion scholar. She is the Rev. H. James Yamauchi, S.J. Professor of the History of Religions at Loyola University New Orleans where she teaches religious studies with a main research focus on millennialism ...
, a religion scholar who has conducted oral histories with various
Branch Davidians
The Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) were an Apocalypticism, apocalyptic new religious movement founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden. They regard themselves as a continuation of the Shepherd' ...
, argues that an exhibit in the 2000 civil case against the federal government demonstrates that she did not re-enter the building after jumping through the window, likely because she broke her ankle and could not walk on it.
A lawyer for the Branch Davidians,
Dick DeGuerin
Dick DeGuerin (born February 16, 1941 in Austin, Texas) is a criminal defense attorney based in Houston, Texas, most notable for defending Tom DeLay, Allen Stanford, David Koresh and Robert Durst. In 1994, DeGuerin was named Outstanding Crimina ...
, told the ''
New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' that she laid outside the compound after jumping because her feet were burned from the heated tin roof of the compound.
Life after the siege
On 26 April 1993,
U.S. magistrate
In United States federal courts, magistrate judges are judges appointed to assist United States district court, U.S. district court judges in the performance of their duties. Magistrate judges generally oversee first appearances of criminal defe ...
Dennis Green released Ruth Riddle, with her sister-in-law Rita Fay Riddle and
David Thibodeau
David Thibodeau (born February 13, 1969) is an American Branch Davidian, a survivor of the Waco siege, and a musician. He was born in Bangor, Maine. In early adulthood, Thibodeau sought to become a musician in Los Angeles, California, where he c ...
, from police custody to a
Salvation Army
Salvation (from Latin: ''salvatio'', from ''salva'', 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religion and theology, ''salvation'' generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its ...
halfway house
A halfway house is an institute for people with criminal backgrounds or substance use disorder problems to learn (or relearn) the necessary skills to re-integrate into society and better support and care for themselves.
As well as serving as a ...
in
Waco, Texas
Waco ( ) is the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and Interstate 35, I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin, Texas, Austin. The city had a 2020 population of 138,486, making it the List ...
, and under a
US$
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
25,000 unsecured
bond
Bond or bonds may refer to:
Common meanings
* Bond (finance), a type of debt security
* Bail bond, a commercial third-party guarantor of surety bonds in the United States
* Chemical bond, the attraction of atoms, ions or molecules to form chemica ...
. She was being held as a
material witness
In American criminal law, a material witness is a person with information alleged to be material concerning a criminal proceeding. The authority to detain material witnesses dates to the First Judiciary Act of 1789, but the Bail Reform Act of ...
.
On 26 February 1994, Riddle's charges were either dropped or she was found not guilty. On 28 February 1994, Riddle was facing
deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country. The term ''expulsion'' is often used as a synonym for deportation, though expulsion is more often used in the context of international law, while deportation ...
to Canada, but U.S. federal judge,
Walter Scott Smith, ordered her to be put back into the
U.S. Marshal
The United States Marshals Service (USMS) is a federal law enforcement agency in the United States. The USMS is a bureau within the U.S. Department of Justice, operating under the direction of the Attorney General, but serves as the enforce ...
's custody in order to reinstate weapons charges brought up against her with other
Branch Davidians
The Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) were an Apocalypticism, apocalyptic new religious movement founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden. They regard themselves as a continuation of the Shepherd' ...
. Despite being found not guilty of murder charges and had weapons charges thrown out since a U.S. judge did not find them relevant in her case, she was at threat of deportation since she was in the United States illegally, according to the ''
Toronto Star
The ''Toronto Star'' is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. The newspaper is the country's largest daily newspaper by circulation. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and pa ...
''.
On 17 June 1994, Riddle and seven other Branch Davidians, including
Livingstone Fagan
Livingstone Fagan (born 1959) – sometimes misspelled as Livingston Fagan – is a Black British Branch Davidian who survived the Waco siege in 1993. He was born in Jamaica but moved to Nottingham in 1964 with his parents as part of the ''Windrus ...
, were sentenced on their roles in the 28 February 1993 shootout. Riddle received the
mandatory minimum sentence
Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses. Judges are bound by law; these sentences are produced through the legislature, not the judicial system. They are in ...
of five years in prison and a US$5,000 fine. According to the ''
Toronto Star
The ''Toronto Star'' is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper. The newspaper is the country's largest daily newspaper by circulation. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and pa ...
'', the
jury foreperson Sara Bain said that the
jury
A jury is a sworn body of people (jurors) convened to hear evidence and render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.
Juries developed in England du ...
never intended to give Riddle any prison time, in part because the jury and judge believed that she was easily manipulated. Along with Livingstone Fagan, she did not appeal her conviction.
In December 1997, she was deported to Canada.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Riddle, Ruth
Branch Davidians
1964 births
Living people
Canadian people imprisoned abroad
People from Ontario
People convicted of illegal possession of weapons
People deported from the United States
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government