
This list of
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
n
physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
s and
psychologist
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how ...
s includes the famous physicians and psychologists, medical
scientists and medical doctors from the
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia
North Asia or Northern Asia, also referred to as Siberia, is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographic ...
, the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
and other predecessor states of Russia. Physicians of all specialties may be listed here.
Alphabetical list
__NOTOC__
A
*
Nikolai Amosov, prominent
cardiovascular surgery developer, best-selling
author
An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states:
"''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...
B
*
Aleksandr Bakulev, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer
*
Vladimir Bekhterev
Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best known ...
, neuropathologist, founder of
objective psychology
Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best know ...
, noted the role of the
hippocampus in memory, major contributor to
reflexology, studied the
Bekhterev’s Disease
*
Vladimir Betz
Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz( ua, Володи́мир Олексійович Бец) ( – )Kushchayev, Sergiy V., et al. "The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience." JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. Vol. 113. ...
, discovered
Betz cells of
primary motor cortex
*
Peter Borovsky, described the causative agent of
Oriental sore
*
Sergey Botkin, major
therapist and court physician
*
Nikolay Burdenko
Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko (russian: Николай Нилович Бурденко; – 11 November 1946) was a Russian Empire and Soviet surgeon, the founder of Russian neurosurgery. He was Surgeon-General of the Red Army (1937–1946 ...
, major developer of
neurosurgery
Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord and ...
*
Konstantin Buteyko, developed the
Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders
C
*
Mikhail Chumakov, co-discovered
tick-borne encephalitis, co-developed oral
polio vaccine
D
*
Livery Darkshevich
Liverij Osipovich Darkshevich (russian: Ливерий Осипович Даркшевич; – March 28, 1925) was a Russian neurologist who was a native of Yaroslavl. His surname is sometimes spelled Darkschewitsch in medical literature.
...
,
neurologist, described the nucleus of
posterior commissure
*
Vladimir Demikhov, major pioneer of
transplantology
F
*
Vladimir Filatov,
ophthalmologist,
corneal transplantation pioneer
*
Svyatoslav Fyodorov, inventor of
radial keratotomy
G
*
Pyotr Gannushkin, psychiatrist, pioneer researcher of psychopathies known today as
personality disorders
*
Oleg Gazenko, founder of
space medicine, selected and trained
Laika, the first
space dog
*
Georgy Gause, inventor of
gramicidin S and other
antibiotics
*
Vera Gedroitz, world's first female professor of
surgery
*
Hans-Werner Gessmann, one of the world's most famous professor of
clinical psychology
Clinical psychology is an integration of social science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or Mental disorder, dysfunction and to promote subjective mental ...
, founder of humanistic psychodrama
psychotherapy
*
Yuliya Gippenreyter
Julia Gippenreiter (Russian:Ю́лия Бори́совна Гиппенре́йтер; born 25 March 1930, in Moscow) is a modern Russian psychologist, a specialist in experimental psychology, psychophysiology, family therapy and neuro-linguisti ...
, researcher in experimental psychology, family therapy and neuro-linguistic programming
*
Ilya Gruzinov, found that
vocal folds
In humans, vocal cords, also known as vocal folds or voice reeds, are folds of throat tissues that are key in creating sounds through vocalization. The size of vocal cords affects the pitch of voice. Open when breathing and vibrating for speech ...
are the source of
phonation
H
*
Waldemar Haffkine, invented the first vaccines against
cholera and
bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium ('' Yersinia pestis''). One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, as ...
I
*
Gavriil Ilizarov
Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (russian: Гавриил Абрамович Илизаров; 15 June 1921 – 24 July 1992) was a Soviet physician, known for inventing the Ilizarov apparatus for lengthening limb bones and for the method of surgery ...
, invented
Ilizarov apparatus, developed
distraction osteogenesis
K
*
Nikolai Korotkov, invented
auscultatory blood pressure measurement
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" r ...
, pioneer of
vascular surgery
*
Sergey Korsakov, studied the effects of
alcoholism
Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predomina ...
on the
nervous system
In Biology, biology, the nervous system is the Complex system, highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its Behavior, actions and Sense, sensory information by transmitting action potential, signals to and from different parts of its ...
, described
Korsakoff's syndrome, introduced
paranoia concept
*
Aleksei Kozhevnikov, neurologist and psychiatrist, described the
epilepsia partialis continua
L
*
Aleksey Leontyev
Aleksei Nikolayevich Leontiev ( rus, Алексе́й Никола́евич Лео́нтьев, p=lʲɪˈonʲtʲjɪf; February 18, 1903 – January 21, 1979), was a Soviet developmental psychologist and philosopher and a founder of activity th ...
, founder of
activity theory in psychology
*
Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of
physical education
Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or P.E., is a subject taught in schools around the world. It is usually taught during primary and secondary education, and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement explora ...
in Russia
*
Andrey Yevgenyevich Lichko, adolescent psychiatrist
*
Alexander Luria
Alexander Romanovich Luria (russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Лу́рия, p=ˈlurʲɪjə; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology. He develop ...
, co-developer of activity theory and
cultural-historical psychology, major researcher of
aphasia
Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in t ...
M
*
Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of
immune system
The immune system is a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as Tumor immunology, cancer cells and objects such ...
,
probiotics and
phagocytosis
Phagocytosis () is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis i ...
; coined the term "
gerontology",
Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
*
Lazar Minor
Lazar Solomonovich Minor (russian: Ла́зарь Соломо́нович Минор; 17 December 1855 – 1942) was a Russian neurologist who was a native of Vilnius.
Minor received his education at the University of Moscow, where he was a stud ...
, neurologist, described
Minor's disease
N
*
Pyotr Nikolsky,
dermatologist, discoverer of
Nikolsky's sign
*
Raissa Nitabuch
Raissa Nitabuch (born 1859) was a Russian pathologist who is known for her histological studies of the human placenta. The layer of fibrin that was thought to separate the uterine decidua from the fetoplacental trophoblast after birth was named t ...
, pathologist, the first to describe the
spiral arteries which connect the uterine and placental blood flow during pregnancy.
O
*
Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of
telomerase
Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most e ...
, suggested the
telomere hypothesis of aging
A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...
and the
telomere relations to cancer
A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature m ...
P
*
Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern
physiology
Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemic ...
, the first to research
classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a triangle). It also refers to the lear ...
, influenced
comparative psychology and
behaviorism by his works on
reflexes, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
*
Nikolay Pirogov, pioneer of
ether
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers can again b ...
anaesthesia and modern
field surgery, the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operations
*
Viktor Protopopov, founder of his own pathophysiological school of thought, namesake of
Protopopov's syndrome
R
*
Leonid Rogozov, performed an
appendectomy on himself during the 6th
Soviet Antarctic Expedition, a famous case of
self-surgery
*
Grigory Rossolimo
Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Россоли́мо) ( – September 1928) was a Russian Empire and Soviet neurologist who was a native of Odessa. (He was of Greek origin; his grandfather had gone sail ...
, pioneer of child
neuropsychology
*
Vladimir Roth,
neuropathologist, described
meralgia paraesthetica
S
*
Ivan Sechenov, founder of
electrophysiology and
neurophysiology, author of the classic work ''
Reflexes of the
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head ( cephalization), usually near organs for special ...
''
*
Vladimir Serbsky
Vladimir Petrovich Serbsky (russian: Влади́мир Петро́вич Се́рбский, in Bogorodsk – in Moscow) was a Russian psychiatrist and one of the founders of forensic psychiatry in Russia. The author of ''The Forensic Psycho ...
, founder of
forensic psychiatry in Russia
*
Nikolay Sklifosovskiy, prominent 19th-century
field surgeon
*
Victor Skumin, first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called
Skumin syndrome (a disorder of the
central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all p ...
of some
patients after a
prosthetic heart valve)
*
Lina Stern
Lina Solomonovna Stern (or Shtern; russian: Лина Соломоновна Штерн; 26 August 1878 – 7 March 1968) was a Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World ...
, pioneer researcher of
blood–brain barrier
U
*
Fyodor Uglov, oldest practicing surgeon in history
*
Igor Ursov
Igor G. Ursov (January 20, 1927 – June 20, 2002) ( Russian: ''Игорь'' ''Урсов'' ) was a Soviet and Russian tuberculosis specialist and organizer of public health who achieved tuberculosis control breakthroughs in Russia.
Biography
I ...
,
phthisiatrist, the inventor of
intravenous intermittent bactericidal tuberculosis therapy
Tuberculosis management describes the techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB).
The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), py ...
V
*
Alexander Varshavsky, researched
ubiquitination,
Wolf Prize in Medicine winner
*
Vikenty Veresayev, Russian/Soviet doctor, author of ''Memoirs of a Physician''
''Memoirs of a Physician''
/ref>
* Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky, founder of purulent surgery, saint
* Lev Vygotsky, founder of cultural-historical psychology, major contributor to child development
Child development involves the Human development (biology), biological, developmental psychology, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into 3 stages o ...
and psycholinguistics, introduced zone of proximal development and cultural mediation concepts
W
* Josias Weitbrecht, first to describe the construction and function of intervertebral discs
Y
* Sergei Yudin, inventor of cadaveric blood transfusion
Z
* Alexander Zaporozhets, developmental psychologist, collaborator of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, once head of the Kharkov School of Psychology
*Bluma Zeigarnik
Bluma Wulfovna Zeigarnik (russian: Блю́ма Ву́льфовна Зейга́рник, p=ˈblʲumə ˈvulʲfəvnə zʲɪjˈɡarnʲɪk; 9 November Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/> O.S. 27 October1900 – 24 February 1988) ...
, psychiatrist, discovered the Zeigarnik effect, founded experimental psychopathology
See also
* List of physicians
*Psychiatry in the Soviet Union
There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as a psychiatric problem. It was called "psychopathological mechanisms" of dissent.
During the leadership ...
* List of Russian scientists
* List of Russian inventors
* Science and technology in Russia
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Russian physicians and psychologists, list of
Physicians and psychologists
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
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Russian psychologists, list of