This list of

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

s and

psychologist A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior. Their work often involves the experimentation, observation, and interpretation of how ...

s includes the famous physicians and psychologists, medical scientists and medical doctors from the

Russian Federation Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia North Asia or Northern Asia, also referred to as Siberia, is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographic ...

, the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

, the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...

and other predecessor states of Russia. Physicians of all specialties may be listed here.

Alphabetical list

__NOTOC__

A

* Nikolai Amosov, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer, best-selling

author An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility f ...

B

* Aleksandr Bakulev, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer *

Vladimir Bekhterev Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best known ...

, neuropathologist, founder of

objective psychology Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev ( rus, Влади́мир Миха́йлович Бе́хтерев, p=ˈbʲextʲɪrʲɪf; January 20, 1857 – December 24, 1927) was a Russian neurologist and the father of objective psychology. He is best know ...

, noted the role of the hippocampus in memory, major contributor to reflexology, studied the Bekhterev’s Disease *

Vladimir Betz Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz( ua, Володи́мир Олексійович Бец) ( – )Kushchayev, Sergiy V., et al. "The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience." JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. Vol. 113. ...

, discovered Betz cells of primary motor cortex * Peter Borovsky, described the causative agent of Oriental sore * Sergey Botkin, major therapist and court physician *

Nikolay Burdenko Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko (russian: Николай Нилович Бурденко; – 11 November 1946) was a Russian Empire and Soviet surgeon, the founder of Russian neurosurgery. He was Surgeon-General of the Red Army (1937–1946 ...

, major developer of

neurosurgery Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty concerned with the surgical treatment of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord and ...

* Konstantin Buteyko, developed the Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders

C

* Mikhail Chumakov, co-discovered tick-borne encephalitis, co-developed oral polio vaccine Svyatoslav_Fedorov

D

Livery Darkshevich Liverij Osipovich Darkshevich (russian: Ливерий Осипович Даркшевич; – March 28, 1925) was a Russian neurologist who was a native of Yaroslavl. His surname is sometimes spelled Darkschewitsch in medical literature. ...

, neurologist, described the nucleus of posterior commissure * Vladimir Demikhov, major pioneer of transplantology

F

* Vladimir Filatov, ophthalmologist, corneal transplantation pioneer * Svyatoslav Fyodorov, inventor of radial keratotomy Waldemar_Haffkine

G

* Pyotr Gannushkin, psychiatrist, pioneer researcher of psychopathies known today as personality disorders * Oleg Gazenko, founder of space medicine, selected and trained Laika, the first space dog * Georgy Gause, inventor of gramicidin S and other antibiotics * Vera Gedroitz, world's first female professor of surgery * Hans-Werner Gessmann, one of the world's most famous professor of

clinical psychology Clinical psychology is an integration of social science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or Mental disorder, dysfunction and to promote subjective mental ...

, founder of humanistic psychodrama psychotherapy *

Yuliya Gippenreyter Julia Gippenreiter (Russian:Ю́лия Бори́совна Гиппенре́йтер; born 25 March 1930, in Moscow) is a modern Russian psychologist, a specialist in experimental psychology, psychophysiology, family therapy and neuro-linguisti ...

, researcher in experimental psychology, family therapy and neuro-linguistic programming * Ilya Gruzinov, found that

vocal folds In humans, vocal cords, also known as vocal folds or voice reeds, are folds of throat tissues that are key in creating sounds through vocalization. The size of vocal cords affects the pitch of voice. Open when breathing and vibrating for speech ...

are the source of phonation

H

* Waldemar Haffkine, invented the first vaccines against cholera and

bubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium ('' Yersinia pestis''). One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, as ...

I

Gavriil Ilizarov Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (russian: Гавриил Абрамович Илизаров; 15 June 1921 – 24 July 1992) was a Soviet physician, known for inventing the Ilizarov apparatus for lengthening limb bones and for the method of surgery ...

, invented Ilizarov apparatus, developed distraction osteogenesis

K

* Nikolai Korotkov, invented

auscultatory blood pressure measurement Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" r ...

, pioneer of vascular surgery * Sergey Korsakov, studied the effects of

alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predomina ...

on the

nervous system In Biology, biology, the nervous system is the Complex system, highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its Behavior, actions and Sense, sensory information by transmitting action potential, signals to and from different parts of its ...

, described Korsakoff's syndrome, introduced paranoia concept * Aleksei Kozhevnikov, neurologist and psychiatrist, described the epilepsia partialis continua Ilya Mechnikov nobel

L

Aleksey Leontyev Aleksei Nikolayevich Leontiev ( rus, Алексе́й Никола́евич Лео́нтьев, p=lʲɪˈonʲtʲjɪf; February 18, 1903 – January 21, 1979), was a Soviet developmental psychologist and philosopher and a founder of activity th ...

, founder of activity theory in psychology * Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of

physical education Physical education, often abbreviated to Phys Ed. or P.E., is a subject taught in schools around the world. It is usually taught during primary and secondary education, and encourages psychomotor learning by using a play and movement explora ...

in Russia * Andrey Yevgenyevich Lichko, adolescent psychiatrist *

Alexander Luria Alexander Romanovich Luria (russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Лу́рия, p=ˈlurʲɪjə; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology. He develop ...

, co-developer of activity theory and cultural-historical psychology, major researcher of

aphasia Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma; prevalence is hard to determine but aphasia due to stroke is estimated to be 0.1–0.4% in t ...

M

* Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of

immune system The immune system is a network of biological processes that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as Tumor immunology, cancer cells and objects such ...

, probiotics and

phagocytosis Phagocytosis () is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis i ...

; coined the term " gerontology", Nobel Prize in Medicine winner *

Lazar Minor Lazar Solomonovich Minor (russian: Ла́зарь Соломо́нович Минор; 17 December 1855 – 1942) was a Russian neurologist who was a native of Vilnius. Minor received his education at the University of Moscow, where he was a stud ...

, neurologist, described Minor's disease Ivan Pavlov (Nobel)

N

* Pyotr Nikolsky, dermatologist, discoverer of Nikolsky's sign *

Raissa Nitabuch Raissa Nitabuch (born 1859) was a Russian pathologist who is known for her histological studies of the human placenta. The layer of fibrin that was thought to separate the uterine decidua from the fetoplacental trophoblast after birth was named t ...

, pathologist, the first to describe the spiral arteries which connect the uterine and placental blood flow during pregnancy.

O

* Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of

telomerase Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. A telomere is a region of repetitive sequences at each end of the chromosomes of most e ...

, suggested the

telomere hypothesis of aging A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...

and the

telomere relations to cancer A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature m ...

Ilya Repin Portrait of the Surgeon Nikolay Pirogov 1881

P

* Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern

physiology Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemic ...

, the first to research

classical conditioning Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a triangle). It also refers to the lear ...

, influenced comparative psychology and behaviorism by his works on reflexes, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner * Nikolay Pirogov, pioneer of

ether In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers can again b ...

anaesthesia and modern field surgery, the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operations * Viktor Protopopov, founder of his own pathophysiological school of thought, namesake of Protopopov's syndrome

R

* Leonid Rogozov, performed an appendectomy on himself during the 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition, a famous case of self-surgery *

Grigory Rossolimo Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo (russian: Григо́рий Ива́нович Россоли́мо) ( – September 1928) was a Russian Empire and Soviet neurologist who was a native of Odessa. (He was of Greek origin; his grandfather had gone sail ...

, pioneer of child neuropsychology * Vladimir Roth, neuropathologist, described meralgia paraesthetica

S

* Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology, author of the classic work '' Reflexes of the

Brain The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head ( cephalization), usually near organs for special ...

'' *

Vladimir Serbsky Vladimir Petrovich Serbsky (russian: Влади́мир Петро́вич Се́рбский, in Bogorodsk – in Moscow) was a Russian psychiatrist and one of the founders of forensic psychiatry in Russia. The author of ''The Forensic Psycho ...

, founder of forensic psychiatry in Russia * Nikolay Sklifosovskiy, prominent 19th-century field surgeon * Victor Skumin, first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called Skumin syndrome (a disorder of the

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all p ...

of some patients after a prosthetic heart valve) *

Lina Stern Lina Solomonovna Stern (or Shtern; russian: Лина Соломоновна Штерн; 26 August 1878 – 7 March 1968) was a Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World ...

, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrier

U

* Fyodor Uglov, oldest practicing surgeon in history *

Igor Ursov Igor G. Ursov (January 20, 1927 – June 20, 2002) ( Russian: ''Игорь'' ''Урсов'' ) was a Soviet and Russian tuberculosis specialist and organizer of public health who achieved tuberculosis control breakthroughs in Russia. Biography I ...

, phthisiatrist, the inventor of intravenous intermittent bactericidal

tuberculosis therapy Tuberculosis management describes the techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB). The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), py ...

V

* Alexander Varshavsky, researched ubiquitination, Wolf Prize in Medicine winner * Vikenty Veresayev, Russian/Soviet doctor, author of ''Memoirs of a Physician''''Memoirs of a Physician''
/ref> * Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky, founder of purulent surgery, saint * Lev Vygotsky, founder of cultural-historical psychology, major contributor to

child development Child development involves the Human development (biology), biological, developmental psychology, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into 3 stages o ...

and psycholinguistics, introduced zone of proximal development and cultural mediation concepts

W

* Josias Weitbrecht, first to describe the construction and function of intervertebral discs

Y

* Sergei Yudin, inventor of cadaveric blood transfusion

Z

* Alexander Zaporozhets, developmental psychologist, collaborator of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, once head of the Kharkov School of Psychology *

Bluma Zeigarnik Bluma Wulfovna Zeigarnik (russian: Блю́ма Ву́льфовна Зейга́рник, p=ˈblʲumə ˈvulʲfəvnə zʲɪjˈɡarnʲɪk; 9 November Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/> O.S. 27 October1900 – 24 February 1988) ...

, psychiatrist, discovered the Zeigarnik effect, founded experimental psychopathology

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russian physicians and psychologists, list of Physicians and psychologists

Russians , native_name_lang = ru , image = , caption = , population = , popplace = 118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate) , region1 = , pop1 ...

Russian psychologists, list of

Alphabetical list

A

B

C

D

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

U

V

W

Y

Z

See also

References