The Russian Democratic Reform Movement (, RDDR) was a political party in

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

History

The party was established in 1991 by

Alexander Yakovlev Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev (; 2 December 1923 – 18 October 2005) was a Soviet and Russian politician, diplomat, and historian. A member of the Politburo and Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union throughout the 1980s ...

Arkady Volsky Arkady Volsky (; 15 May 1932 – 9 September 2006) was a Soviet politician and businessman. He served as a senior aide to three Soviet General Secretaries, including Mikhail Gorbachev, and was one of three Deputy Prime Ministers in the last ...

Anatoly Sobchak Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak ( rus, Анатолий Александрович Собчак, p=ɐnɐˈtolʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ sɐpˈtɕak; 10 August 1937 – 19 February 2000) was a Russian politician and legal scholar, a co-autho ...

Eduard Shevardnadze Eduard Ambrosis dze Shevardnadze ( ka, ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Soviet and Georgian politician and diplomat who governed Georgia (country), Georgi ...

and

Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov Gavriil Kharitonovich Popov ( rus, Гавриил Харитонович Попов, p=ɡəvrʲɪˈiɫ xərʲɪˈtonəvʲɪtɕ pɐˈpof; born 31 October 1936), anglicised as Gabriel Popov, is a Russian politician and economist. He served as the m ...

. In the 1993 parliamentary elections it received 4% of the proportional representation vote,

Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An ex ...

& Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1650 failing to cross the

electoral threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of votes that a candidate or political party requires before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ...

. However, it won eight constituency seats in the

State Duma The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly (Russia), Federal Assembly of Russia, with the upper house being the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council. It was established by the Constitution of Russia, Constitution of t ...

. It did not contest any further elections.Nohlen & Stöver, p1645

References

1991 establishments in Russia Defunct liberal political parties Defunct political parties in Russia Federalism in Russia Federalist parties Liberal parties in Russia Political parties established in 1991 Political parties in the Soviet Union Political parties with year of disestablishment missing {{Russia-party-stub