The russet-crowned quail-dove (''Zentrygon goldmani'') is a

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

in the family

Columbidae Columbidae is a bird Family (biology), family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the Order (biology), order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in ...

. It is found in

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

and far northwestern

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

Taxonomy and systematics

The russet-crowned quail-dove was originally described in genus ''Geotrygon'', then later placed in genus ''Oreopelia'', and later still in its present ''Zentrygon''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021 It is thought to be closely related to the

lined quail-dove The lined quail-dove (''Zentrygon linearis'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The lined quail-dove's taxonomic history is complex. It was ori ...

(''Z. linearis'').Baptista, L. F., P. W. Trail, H. M. Horblit, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Russet-crowned Quail-Dove (''Zentrygon goldmani''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rcqdov1.01 retrieved September 25, 2021 It has two subspecies, the nominate ''Z. g. goldmani'' and ''Z. g. oreas''.

Description

Male russet-crowned quail-doves are long and females . Adults weigh about . Audlt males of the nominate subspecies have a russet brown crown and nape with a lighter forehead and the rest of the face. They have a black malar stripe. The hindneck is brown and the upperparts and wings brown with a purple tinge. The throat and breast are gray, the belly whitish gray, and the flanks brown. The eye is orange with a red rim surrounded by bare gray skin, and there is a red spot in front of the eye. The legs and feet are red. The female's gray breast has a brown tinge and the wings are a less reddish brown than the male's. Juveniles' upperparts are dull buffy cinnamon and the underparts are dusky brown with reddish buff feather edges. Adults of ''Z. g. oreas'' are overall darker than the nominate but otherwise similar.

Distribution and habitat

The nominate subspecies of russet-crowned quail-dove is resident from Panama's eastern

Panamá Province Panamá is a province of Panama. It is the location of the national capital Panama City, which also serves as the provincial capital. The governor of the province is Mayín Correa, appointed by President José Raul Mulino. Administrative di ...

through

Darién Province Darién (, ; ) is a Provinces of Panama, province in Panama whose capital city is La Palma, Darién, La Palma. With an area of , it is located at the eastern end of the country and bordered to the north by the province of Panamá Province, Panam ...

into extreme northwestern Colombia. ''Z. g. oreas'' is found in eastern Panama but west of the nominate. It inhabits subtropical forest in foothills and lower highlands, generally at elevations between but as low as in Colombia.

Behavior

Feeding

The russet-crowned quail-dove usually feeds on the forest floor; its diet is primarily seeds.

Breeding

Essentially nothing is known about the russet-crowned quail-dove's breeding

phenology Phenology is the study of periodic events in biological life cycles and how these are influenced by seasonal and interannual variations in climate, as well as habitat factors (such as elevation). Examples include the date of emergence of leav ...

Vocalization

The russet-crowned quail-dove's song is "a single slightly overslurred note ''wOuu'', sometimes sounding bi-syllabic."

Status

The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

has assessed the russet-crowned quail-dove as Near Threatened. It has a small range and its population has declined due to habitat loss. " tensive research srequired, as well as surveys in order to establish tspopulation size and trends."

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27074695 russet-crowned quail-dove Birds of Panama Birds of the Darién Gap russet-crowned quail-dove Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Chocó–Darién moist forests