New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen Provinces and territories of Canada, provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic Canad ...

is the eighth-most populous province in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...

, with 775,610 residents as of the 2021 census, and the third-smallest province by land area, at . New Brunswick's 104

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

cover only of the province's land mass but are home to of its population. Municipalities in New Brunswick may be incorporated under the Municipalities Act of 1973 as a city, town, village, regional municipality, or rural community. Municipal governments are led by elected councils and are responsible for the delivery of services such as civic administration,

land use planning Land use planning is the process of regulating the use of land by a central authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient use of resources. More specifically, the goals ...

, emergency measures, policing, road, and garbage collection. New Brunswick has 8 cities, 26 towns, 61 villages, 1 regional municipality, and 8 rural communities. Although rural communities are under the Municipalities Act, the provincial government distinguishes them from municipalities. In 1785, Saint John became the first community in what would eventually become Canada to be incorporated as a city.

Moncton Moncton (; ) is the most populous city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has earned the nickname "Hub City" because o ...

is New Brunswick's largest municipality by population, with 79,470 residents, and Saint John is the largest urban municipality by land area, at . Approximately one-third of the residents of New Brunswick do not live in municipalities but reside in local service districts, which are unincorporated communities administered by the Minister of Environment and Local Government and have no local government of their own. Beginning in 2021, the government of New Brunswick launched the

2023 New Brunswick local governance reform Local governance reform in the Canadian province of New Brunswick in was implemented on January 1, 2023. This resulted in a significant reorganization of the municipal entities in the province, including a reduction in the number of entities from ...

, which will see the local service districts dissolved, with their territory assigned to cities, towns, villages, incorporated rural communities or rural districts.Laura Brown
"Municipal reform will see N.B. go from 340 local governments and districts, to 90"

CTV Atlantic CTV Atlantic (formerly known as the Atlantic Television, or ATV) is a system of four television stations in the Maritimes, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media. Despite the name, it is not available on b ...

, November 18, 2021.

Cities

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a city under the Local Governance Act if it has a population of at least 10,000. Cities already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population. New Brunswick had eight cities that had a cumulative population of 293,928 in the 2021 Census. Moncton is New Brunswick's largest city by population with 79,470 residents and Saint John is the largest by land area respectively. Campbellton is New Brunswick's smallest city by population and land area with 7,047 residents and .

Towns

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a town under the Local Governance Act if it has a population of at least 1,500 and provides a level of services that the Minister of Local Government and Local Governance Reform considers appropriate. Towns already in existence on January 1, 1967 continue to be incorporated regardless of population. New Brunswick had 26 towns that had a cumulative population of 133,350 in the 2021 Census. New Brunswick's largest town by population is Riverview with 20,584 residents and largest town by area is Sackville with a land area of . New Brunswick's smallest town by population is Hartland with 933 residents and the smallest by land area is Saint-Quentin at .

Villages

New Brunswick's 61 villages had a cumulative population of 71,186 as of the 2021 Census. New Brunswick's largest village by population is Memramcook with 5,029 residents and largest village by area is

Belledune Belledune (2011 population: 1,548) is a Canadian village that straddles both Restigouche County and Gloucester County, New Brunswick. The community of Belledune was created through the amalgamation of Jacquet River, Armstrong Brook, and Bel ...

with a land area of . New Brunswick's smallest village by population is Meductic with 180 residents and the smallest by land area is Saint-Louis de Kent at .

Regional municipalities

The Lieutenant-Governor in Council may incorporate an area as a Regional Municipality under the Local Governance Act if there is a population of at least 15,000 and at leas one existing municipality. New Brunswick's first and only regional municipality was incorporated on May 12, 2014. The Regional Municipality of Tracadie was formed through the amalgamation of the former Town of Tracadie–Sheila, eighteen local service districts and portions of two other local service districts. Regional municipalities must have a population greater than 15,000 and a community grouping that includes at least one municipality. Regional municipalities elect a local council but are responsible only for community administration, planning and emergency measures services, and all services previously provided by any former municipality that is now part of the regional municipality. The Province of New Brunswick is responsible for police protection and road services, unless the regional municipality chooses to assume these responsibilities.

Rural communities

New Brunswick eight rural communities, an increase from four as of the 2011 census following the incorporations of Kedgwick in 2012,

Cocagne Cocagne () is a Canadian community, formerly part of an eponymous local service district (LSD) and later incorporated rural community, in Kent County, New Brunswick. History It was named after Cockaigne, a mythical paradise in medieval Fre ...

and

Hanwell Hanwell () is a town in the London Borough of Ealing, in the historic County of Middlesex, England. It is about 1.5 miles west of Ealing Broadway and had a population of 28,768 as of 2011. It is the westernmost location of the London post t ...

in 2014, and Haut-Madawaska in 2017. Haut-Madawaska was formed in 2017 through the amalgamation of four villages ( Baker Brook, Clair, Saint-François de Madawaska and Saint-Hilaire) with five local service districts (the parishes of Baker Brook, Clair, Lac Baker, Saint-François, and Saint-Hilaire) and a portion of a sixth local service district (the parish of Madawaska) These eight rural communities had a cumulative population of 24,842 in the 2021 Census. New Brunswick's largest and smallest rural communities are Beaubassin East and Campobello Island with populations of 6,718 and 949 respectively. Rural communities elect local councils and are responsible for the delivery of some local services, including administrative services, community planning and emergency measures. The province of New Brunswick ensures the delivery of other services including solid waste collection and recreation services unless the rural community chooses to take on these responsibilities. Rural communities that include a former village or town are an exception, as they are responsible to provide all services that were previously provided by their former municipality.

List of municipalities

MonctonSkylineb.jpg, alt=Skyline of Moncton, Skyline of

, New Brunswick's largest municipality Saint John, NB, skyline at dusk8.jpg, alt=Skyline of Saint John, Skyline of Saint John, New Brunswick's second largest municipality FrederictonSkyline2013.jpg, alt=Skyline of Fredericton, Skyline of

Fredericton Fredericton (; ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city. The river is the do ...

, New Brunswick's capital city and third-largest municipality

Notes

References

External links

New Brunswick Environment and Local Government Publications
{{DEFAULTSORT:Municipalities Lists of populated places in New Brunswick *