Rumex Kandavanicus

The docks and sorrels, genus ''Rumex'', are a genus of about 200 species of annual, biennial, and perennial herbs in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae.
Members of this genus are very common perennial herbs with a native almost worldwide distribution, and introduced species growing in the few places where the genus is not native.

Some are nuisance weeds (and are sometimes called dockweed or dock weed), but some are grown for their edible leaves. ''Rumex'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species, and are the only host plants of '' Lycaena rubidus.''

Description

They are erect plants, usually with long taproots. The fleshy to leathery leaves form a basal rosette at the root. The basal leaves may be different from those near the inflorescence. They may or may not have stipules. Minor leaf veins occur. The leaf blade margins are entire or crenate.

The usually inconspicuous flowers are carried above the leaves in clusters. The fertile flowers are mostly hermaphrodites, or they may be functionally male or female. The flowers and seeds grow on long clusters at the top of a stalk emerging from the basal rosette; in many species, the flowers are green, but in some (such as sheep's sorrel, ''Rumex acetosella'') the flowers and their stems may be brick-red. Each seed is a three-sided achene, often with a round tubercle on one or all three sides.

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Within the family Polygonaceae, it is placed in the subfamily Polygonoideae. The genus ''Emex'' was separated from ''Rumex'' by Francisco Campderá in 1819 on the basis that it was polygamous (i.e. had both bisexual and unisexual flowers on the same plant). However, some species of ''Rumex'' subg. ''Acetosa'' also have this characteristic, and most other features that are supposed to distinguish ''Emex'' are found in species of ''Rumex''. Accordingly, in 2015, Schuster et al. demoted ''Emex'' to a subgenus of ''Rumex''.

Within the subfamily Polygonoideae, ''Rumex'' is placed in the tribe Rumiceae, along with the two genera '' Oxyria'' and '' Rheum''. It is most closely related to ''Rheum'', which includes Rhubarb.

Species

, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species. A large number of hybrids are also recorded.

*'' Rumex abyssinicus'' Jacq.
*''Rumex acetosa'' L. – sorrel, common sorrel, garden sorrel, narrow-leaved dock, spinach dock
*''Rumex acetosella'' L. – sheep's sorrel, common sheep sorrel, field sorrel, red sorrel
*''Rumex aegyptiacus'' L.
*'' Rumex aeroplaniformis'' Eig
*'' Rumex albescens'' Hillebr. – Oahu dock
*'' Rumex alcockii'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex algeriensis'' Barratte & Murb.
*''Rumex alpinus'' L. – alpine dock, monk's rhubarb
*'' Rumex altissimus'' Alph.Wood – pale dock, smooth dock, peach-leaf dock
*'' Rumex alveolatus'' Losinsk.
*'' Rumex amanus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex amurensis'' F.Schmidt ex Maxim
*'' Rumex andinus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex angulatus'' Rech.f.
*'' Rumex angustifolius'' Campd.
*''Rumex aquaticiformis'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex aquaticus'' L. – western dock, Scottish dock
*''Rumex aquitanicus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex arcticus'' Trautv.
*''Rumex arcuatoramosus'' Rech.f.
*'' Rumex argentinus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex arifolius'' All.
*''Rumex aristidis'' Coss.
*''Rumex armenus'' K.Koch
*''Rumex atlanticus'' Coss. ex Batt.
*''Rumex aureostigmatica'' Kom.
*'' Rumex azoricus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex balcanicus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex beringensis'' Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky – Bering Sea dock
*''Rumex bidens'' R.Br.
*''Rumex bipinnatus'' L.f.
*'' Rumex bithynicus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex brachypodus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex brasiliensis'' Link
*'' Rumex britannica'' L.
*'' Rumex brownii'' Campd. – Browne's dock
*'' Rumex bryhnii'' Snogerup
*'' Rumex bucephalophorus'' L. – red dock
*''Rumex californicus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex caucasicus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex chalepensis'' Mill.

*'' Rumex chrysocarpos'' Moris
*''Rumex confertus'' Willd. – Asiatic dock
*''Rumex conglomeratus'' Murray – clustered dock, sharp dock
*'' Rumex cordatus'' Poir.
*'' Rumex costaricensis'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex crassus'' Rech.f.
*'' Rumex crispellus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex crispissimus'' Kuntze
*''Rumex crispus'' L. – curled dock, curly dock, yellow dock, sour dock, narrow dock, garden patience, narrow-leaved dock
*''Rumex cristatus'' DC.
*'' Rumex crystallinus'' Lange – shiny dock
*''Rumex cuneifolius'' Campd.
*''Rumex cyprius'' Murb.
*''Rumex darwinianus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex densiflorus'' Osterh. – dense-flower dock, dense-flowered dock
*''Rumex dentatus'' L. – toothed dock
*'' Rumex dregeanus'' Meisn.
*'' Rumex drummondii'' Meisn.
*''Rumex dumosus'' A.Cunn. ex Meisn. – wiry dock
*'' Rumex elbrusensis'' Boiss.
*'' Rumex ellipticus'' Greene
*'' Rumex ephedroides'' Bornm.
*'' Rumex evenkiensis'' Elis.
*''Rumex fascicularis'' Small
*'' Rumex fischeri'' Rchb.
*''Rumex flexicaulis'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex flexuosus'' Sol. ex G.Forst.
*''Rumex floridanus'' Meisn.
*''Rumex frutescens'' Thouars – wedgeleaf dock
*''Rumex fueginus'' Phil.
*'' Rumex gangotrianus'' Aswal & S.K.Srivast.
*'' Rumex garipensis'' Meisn.
*''Rumex giganteus'' W.T.Aiton – pawale
*''Rumex ginii'' Jahandiez & Maire
*''Rumex gmelinii'' Turcz. ex Ledeb.
*'' Rumex gracilescens'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex graminifolius'' Georgi ex Lamb. – grassleaf sorrel
*''Rumex hastatulus'' Baldwin – heartwing dock, heartwing sorrel
*''Rumex hastatus'' D.Don
*''Rumex hesperius'' Greene
*'' Rumex hultenii'' Tzvelev
*'' Rumex hydrolapathum'' Huds. – great water dock
*''Rumex hymenosepalus'' Torr. – canaigre, canaigre dock
*''Rumex hypogaeus'' T.M.Schust. & Reveal
*'' Rumex inconspicuus'' Rech.f.
*''Rumex induratus'' Boiss. & Reut.
*''Rumex intermedius'' DC.
*''Rumex jacutensis'' Kom.
*'' Rumex japonicus'' Houtt.
*'' Rumex kandavanicus'' (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
*''Rumex kerneri'' Borbás – Kerner's dock
*''Rumex komarovii'' Schischk. & Serg.
*'' Rumex krausei'' Jurtzev & V.V.Petrovsky – Krause's sorrel
*'' Rumex lacustris'' Greene
*'' Rumex lanceolatus'' Thunb.
*'' Rumex lapponicus'' (Hiitonen) Czernov
*''Rumex lativalvis'' Meisn.
*''Rumex leptocaulis'' Brandbyge & Rech.f.
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