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Rujm (, ''rûjm''; p. ''rûjûm'') is an Arabic word that appears as an element in numerous
place names Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of '' toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper nam ...
. It can be translated as 'mound,
cairn A cairn is a human-made pile (or stack) of stones raised for a purpose, usually as a marker or as a burial mound. The word ''cairn'' comes from the (plural ). Cairns have been and are used for a broad variety of purposes. In prehistory, t ...
, hill, spur', and also as 'stone heap' or '
tumulus A tumulus (: tumuli) is a mound of Soil, earth and Rock (geology), stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, mounds, howes, or in Siberia and Central Asia as ''kurgans'', and may be found through ...
'.Mann, 2005, p. 139.Negev and Gibson, 2005
p. 518
The following is a list of place names that include ''Rujm'' as an element: *Kanân Rujm Kûddâh, "the peaks of the cairn of the potter", or of "the flint stone for striking fir"Stewardson, 1888, p. 100. *Khirbat er Rujm, "the ruin of the stone heap"Stewardson, 1888, p. 118. *Rujm Abu ḤashabeCarter, 1999
p. 329
*Rujm Abu Helal, "the cairn of Abu Helal"PEF et al., 1838, p. 195. *Rujm Abu Meheir (Rujm Abu Muheir), "the cairn of Abu Meheir"Talbert, 2000, p. 1080. *Rujm Abu Shuweikeh, "the cairn of the
thistle Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterized by leaves with sharp spikes on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae. Prickles can also occur all over the planton the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. T ...
s" *Rujm Abu Zumeiter, "the cairn of Abu Zumeiter" *Rujm Afâneh, "the cairn of rottenness" *Rujm el 'Ajamy, "the cairn of the Persian" *Rujm 'Alei, "the cairn of the high place" *Rujm 'Atîyeh, "the cairn of 'Atiyeh" *Rujm el 'Azâzimeh, "the cairn of the Azazimeh
Arab Arabs (,  , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years ...
s" *Rujm el Bahr, "the cairn of the sea"; a site by the name is on the
Dead Sea The Dead Sea (; or ; ), also known by #Names, other names, is a landlocked salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east, the Israeli-occupied West Bank to the west and Israel to the southwest. It lies in the endorheic basin of the Jordan Rift Valle ...
shore near
Jericho Jericho ( ; , ) is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, and the capital of the Jericho Governorate. Jericho is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It had a population of 20,907 in 2017. F ...
*Rujm el Bakarah "the cairn of the cow" *Rujm el Bârish, "the cairn of the ground covered with variegated herbiage" *Rujm Bâruk, "the cairn of Baruk" *Rujm Beni Yasser, "rujm of the sons of Yasser" (a fortlet of
Nabataean The Nabataeans or Nabateans (; Nabataean Aramaic: , , vocalized as ) were an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant. Their settlements—most prominently the assumed capital city of Raqmu (present-day Petr ...
origin)Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xix.Parker and Betylon, 2006
p. 294
*Rujm Birjis (on the Kerak plateau)Lapp, Schaub and Rast, 1989
p. 90
*Rujm ed Debbâbeh, "the cairn of the moveable hut" *Rujm ed Deir, "the cairn of the monastery" *Rujm ed Derbi, "the cairn of the roadster" *Rujm edh Dhib, "the cairn of the wolf" *Rujm ed DîrStewardson, 1888, p. 56. *Rujm ed Dûribeh, "the cairn of the little road" *Rujm el Fahjeh, "the cairn of el Fahjeh" *Rujm el-FarideyyehTalbert, 2000, p. 1089. *Rujm Heleiseh, "the cairn of the verdure" *Rujm Handhal, "the cairn of
colocynth ''Citrullus colocynthis'', with many common names including Abu Jahl's melon, (native name in Turkey) colocynth, bitter apple, bitter cucumber, egusi, vine of Sodom, or wild gourd, is a poisonous desert viny plant native to the Mediterranea ...
" *Rujm el Heik, "the cairn of the spindle" *Rujm el-Hamiri, (southeast of
Hebron Hebron (; , or ; , ) is a Palestinian city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Hebron is capital of the Hebron Governorate, the largest Governorates of Palestine, governorate in the West Bank. With a population of 201,063 in ...
)Magness, 2004
p. 28
*Rujm al-Henu, (
Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...
)Heinzeller and Nebelsick, 2004
p. 464
*Rujm el Heri, (southeast of
Madaba Madaba (; Biblical Hebrew: ''Mēḏəḇāʾ''; ) is the capital city of Madaba Governorate in central Jordan, with a population of about 60,000. It is best known for its Byzantine art, Byzantine and Umayyad mosaics, especially a large Byz ...
) *
Rujm el-Hiri Rujm el-Hiri (; ) is an ancient stone, or megalithic, structure consisting of concentric circles of stone with a tumulus, a mound of earth and stone, at center. It is located in the Golan Heights some east of the coast of the Sea of Galilee, ...
, "the stone heap of the wild cat" *Rujm el Humeitah, "the cairn of the mountain fig" *Rujm el Hummûs, "the cairn of the chick-pea" *Rujm el Humra, "the red cairn" *Rujm Ibn Basma, "the cairn of Ibn Basma" *Rujm Jemảh, "the cairn of the gathering"Stewardson, 1888, p. 136. *Rujm Jîz, "the cairn on the valley side" *Rujm Jureideh, "the cairn of the troop" *Rujm el Kahakîr, "the cairn of the stone heaps" *Rujm el Kandôl, "the cairn of the thorn tree" *Rujm el-KhadarCarter, 1999
p. 209
*Rujm el Kherâzmîyeh, "the cairn of the Kharezinians" *Rujm el Khiâri, "the cairn of the cucumber" *Rujm el Kurrât, "the stone of the attacks" *Rujm Kuteit, "the cairn of the cat" or "the cairn of the crag" *Rujm el Lukâr, "the cairn of Lukâr" * Rujm Al-Malfouf, "circular towers"McGovern and Brown, 1986
p. 9
*Rujm (el Mehawâfet) el Kibliyyeh, "the southern cairn (of the boundary)" *Rujm (el Mehawâfet) esh Shemaliyyeh, "the northern cairn (of the boundary)" *Rujm el-Merih, (a Nabataean or Late Roman era watchtower located south of
Lajjun Lajjun (, ''al-Lajjūn'') was a large Palestine (region), Palestinian Arab village located northwest of Jenin and south of the remains of the biblical city of Tel Megiddo, Megiddo. The Israeli kibbutz of Megiddo, Israel was built 600 metres ...
)Parker and Betylon, 2006, p. xviii. *Rujm el-Meshreferh (in Jordan, associated with Mizpah)Walton et al., 2000
p. 313
*Rujm el Mogheifir, "the cairn of the pardoned" *Rujm el Mutukh, "the cairn of the debris" *Rujm en Nâkeh, (Rujm en-Naqa) "the cairn of the
she-camel A camel (from and () from Ancient Semitic: ''gāmāl'') is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ''Camelus'' that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide ...
"Shatzman, 1991
p. 60
*Rujm en Niâs, "the cairn of en Niyâs *Rujm en Nûeita, "the cairn of the sailors" *Rujm en Nūkb, "the cairn of the pass" *Rujm er Refeif, "the glittering cairn" *Rujm Reheif, "the sharp-pointed cairn" *Rujm Reiya, "the cairn of quenching thirst", or "the cairn of sweet fragrance" *Rujm es S'â, "the cairn of the tax-gatherers" *Rujm es Sâîgh (Rujm as-Sayigh), "the cairn of the goldsmith"Pringle, 1997, p. 9. *Rujm es-SebitCarter, 1999
p. 192
* Rujm ash Shami * Rujm ash Shara'irah *Rujm esh Sheikh Suleimân, "the cairn of Sheikh Suleimân" *Rujm Shummer, "the cairn of wild fennel" *Rujm es Sûeif, "the cairn of the little sword" *Rujm at Tarûd, "the cairn of the projection", or "the cairn of the prominent peak" *Rujm Umm el 'Arâis, "the cairn of the mother of brides" *Rujm Umm Kheir, "the cairn of Umm Kheir" *Rujm Umm es Sata, "the cairn of the mother of the assault" *Rujm el Waîr, "the cairn of rugged rocks" *Rujm el Yaklûm, "the cairn of Yaklûm" *Rujm az-Zuwaira (in Zuwaira al-Fauqa, or Upper
Zohar The ''Zohar'' (, ''Zōhar'', lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is a foundational work of Kabbalistic literature. It is a group of books including commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah and scriptural interpretations as well as material o ...
)Pringle, 1997, p. 118. *Rŭjûm el Behîmeh, "the cairns of the beast" *Rujûm Umm Kharrûbeh, "the cairns by the locust tree" (
Ceratonia siliqua The carob ( ; ''Ceratonia siliqua'') is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the Caesalpinioideae sub-family of the legume family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible fruit, which takes the form of seed pods, and as an orname ...
) (or, "the cairns of the mother of the carob tree")


See also

*
Glossary of Arabic toponyms The glossary of Arabic toponyms gives translations of Arabic language, Arabic terms commonly found as components in Arabic toponyms. A significant number of them were put together during the PEF Survey of Palestine carried out in the second half o ...
*
Place names of Palestine Many place names in Palestine were Arabized forms of ancient Hebrew and Canaanite place-names used in biblical times or later Aramaic formations. Most of these names have been handed down for thousands of years though their meaning was understo ...


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * *Henry C. Stewardson (Editor) Palestine Exploration Fund * * {{refend Arabic words and phrases Place name element etymologies Lists of place names