Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo (''Neomorphus geoffroyi'') is a Vulnerable species of cuckoo in the tribe Neomorphini of subfamily Crotophaginae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022

Taxonomy and systematics

Most taxonomic systems assign these six subspecies to the rufous-vented ground cuckoo:Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021

*''N. g. salvini'' Sclater, P.L., 1866
*''N. g. aequatorialis'' Chapman, 1923
*''N. g. australis'' Carriker, 1935
*''N. g. amazonicus'' Pinto, 1964
*''N. g. geoffroyi'' (Temminck, 1820)
*''N. g. dulcis'' Snethlage, E., 1927

The International Ornithological Committee's ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' adds a seventh, ''N. g. squamiger'', that the other systems treat as the separate species scaled ground cuckoo.

In the early 20th century subspecies ''N. g. salvini'' was considered by some authors as a separate species but that treatment did not gain wide acceptance.

Description

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo is long, about half of which is its tail, and weighs about . Adults have a heavy decurved bill that is pale grayish green to horn-colored at its base with a yellow tip. All subspecies have a shaggy, glossy blue-black, erectile crest, bright blue skin surrounding the eye, and a rufous vent area. The sexes have similar plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies ''N. g. geoffroyi'' have a cinnamon brown forehead, crown, and lower face; bronzy olive green upperparts and wings; and a glossy purple tail. Their chin, throat, and upper breast are light buffy with a black band across the chest. The rest of their underparts are pale buff. Their head and breast have heavy paler semicircles that give a scaled appearance.Healy, T. P., R. B. Payne, C. J. Sharpe, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo (''Neomorphus geoffroyi''), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rvgcuc1.02 retrieved September 23, 2022

Subspecies ''N. g. salvini'' has dark bronze-brown upperparts with a purple sheen, especially on the wings and tail. The tail's upper surface may have some green gloss as well. Its face and breast have fainter scaling than the nominate and its underparts are pale buff to grayish. ''N. g. aequatorialis'' has a brown forehead and crown, bronzy green wings and upperparts, and a wide black breast band. The scaling on its breast is faint. ''N. g. australis'' has a dark brown forehead and crown and a pale grayish throat and central breast with heavily marked sides. ''N. g. amazonicus'' has black barring on a light forehead and crown, a green gloss on the hindneck, wings, and upperparts, and a faint purple gloss on the tail's upper surface. Its underparts are pale gray to whitish buff with heavy scaling on the breast. ''N. g. dulcis'' has dark glossy blue wings and upperparts and darker underparts than the nominate with heavy scaling on the breast.

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of rufous-vented ground cuckoo are found thus:

*''N. g. salvini'', from Nicaragua south through Costa Rica and Panama and down the Pacific coast of Colombia
*''N. g. aequatorialis'', southeastern Colombia south to eastern Ecuador and into northern Peru
*''N. g. australis'', southeastern Peru and northwestern Bolivia
*''N. g. amazonicus'', Amazonian Brazil south of the Amazon River between the Madeira River and Maranhão state
*''N. g. geoffroyi'', eastern Brazil's Bahia state
*''N. g. dulcis'', southeastern Brazil from Espírito Santo south to Rio de Janeiro

The species generally inhabits mature undisturbed evergreen forest. It can also be found in riverside forest, seasonally flooded forest, and sometimes in dry forest, canebrakes, and thickets. In Central America it ranges in elevation from sea level to . In South America it ranges from sea level in Brazil to in Bolivia.

Behavior

Movement

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Locomotion

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo is almost exclusively terrestrial, though it may fly low to the ground or into a tree to escape a predator. It mostly walks or runs on the forest floor and makes powerful leaps to catch prey.

Feeding

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo's diet is mostly insects. It also includes significant amounts of other arthropods; small vertebrates like lizards, amphibians, and small birds; and sometimes fallen fruits. It often follows army ant swarms, peccaries, and monkey troops to catch prey fleeing from them.

Breeding

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo's breeding seasons vary latitudinally, in Central America nesting in the northern summer and in most of South America in the austral summer. It builds a sturdy nest of large sticks with a flatish cup of dry grass and fresh leaves. It is usually placed in the fork of a tree or shrub about above the ground. All of the documented nests contained a single egg. Incubation is believed to be by both parents, but the incubation period and time to fledging are not known. The latter is thought to be similar to the 20 day period of other ''Neomorphus'' cuckoos.

Vocalization

The rufous-vented ground cuckoo's principal vocalization is "a low, drawn out, moaning coo: ''ooooooooooooooooop''". At army ant swarms they give "a muffled, barking ''woof'' call" and also "a sharp, loud ''kchak!'' call", apparently to move other birds away from desired prey.

Status

The IUCN has assessed the rufous-vented ground cuckoo as Vulnerable. Its population is estimated at between 63,000 and 127,000 mature individuals and is believed to be decreasing. It has wide but disjunct range. The principal threat is habitat fragmentation, because the species requires large undisturbed forest. It "is often one of the first species to disappear when formerly suitable habitat is fragmented."

References

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1259002

rufous-vented ground cuckoo
Birds of Costa Rica
Birds of Nicaragua
Birds of Panama
Birds of Colombia
Birds of the Amazon rainforest
Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Birds of the Bolivian Amazon
Birds of Peruvian Amazonia
Birds of the Ecuadorian Amazon
rufous-vented ground cuckoo
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot