Rudolf Horvat (14 March 1873 – 25 May 1947) was a

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

n historian. Horvat was born in

Koprivnica Koprivnica () is a city in Northern Croatia, located 70 kilometers northeast of Zagreb. It is the capital and the largest city of Koprivnica-Križevci County. In 2011, the city's administrative area of 90.94 km2 had a total populati ...

, and graduated from the

University of Zagreb The University of Zagreb (, ) is a public university, public research university in Zagreb, Croatia. It is the largest Croatian university and one of the oldest continuously operating universities in Europe. The University of Zagreb and the Unive ...

in history and geography in 1896, as well as law in 1918. He worked as a history teacher in

Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...

Zemun Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; ) is a Subdivisions of Belgrade, municipality in the city of Belgrade, Serbia. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown ...

Petrinja Petrinja () is a town in central Croatia near Sisak in the historic region of Banija, Banovina. It is administratively located in Sisak-Moslavina County. On December 29, 2020, the town was 2020 Petrinja earthquake, hit by a strong earthquake wit ...

and

Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...

secondary schools before and during the

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. During the war, Horvat was accused of being sympathetic to the

Kingdom of Serbia The Kingdom of Serbia was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynast ...

and briefly detained in Hungary in response. After the establishment of the new South Slavic state, the

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" () has been its colloq ...

(later renamed Yugoslavia), Horvat was forced to retire from teaching due to his criticism of the coat of arms of the new kingdom. In the early 1920s, Horvat was an associate of the

Croatian Peasant Party The Croatian Peasant Party (, HSS) is an agrarianism, agrarian List of political parties in Croatia, political party in Croatia founded on 22 December 1904 by Antun Radić, Antun and Stjepan Radić as Croatian Peoples' Peasant Party (HPSS). The ...

(HSS) leader Stjepan Radić, elected to the national parliament on the HSS party list of candidates in 1920 and 1923. He resigned his post after the HSS joined the

Krestintern The Peasant International (), known most commonly by its Russian abbreviation Krestintern (Крестинтерн), was an international peasants' organization formed by the Communist International (Comintern) in October 1923. The organization a ...

. In 1926, Horvat resumed teaching history in Zagreb for another four years, until he came into conflict with Yugoslav authorities. He published daily articles in the paper in 1932–1940 and established the ''Hrvatski rodoljub'' (lit. Croatian Patriot) historical society in Zagreb in 1937. Horvat also published the journal ''Hrvatska prošlost'' (lit. Croatian Past) in 1940–1943. During the existence of the

Axis An axis (: axes) may refer to: Mathematics *A specific line (often a directed line) that plays an important role in some contexts. In particular: ** Coordinate axis of a coordinate system *** ''x''-axis, ''y''-axis, ''z''-axis, common names ...

puppet state A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a State (polity), state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside Power (international relations), power and subject to its ord ...

Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia (, NDH) was a World War II–era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Fascist Italy. It was established in parts of Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, ...

(1941–1945), Horvat resumed his teaching career, including at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zagreb. After the defeat of the Axis powers, Horvat was indicted for the positions he expressed in his article ''Ljetopis Hrvatske 1918. do 1942.'' (lit. Annals of Croatia 1918–1942), convicted and sentenced to ten years of loss of political and civil rights. He died in Zagreb.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Horvat, Rudolf 1873 births 1947 deaths Croatian Peasant Party politicians 20th-century Croatian historians People from Koprivnica University of Zagreb alumni Academic staff of the University of Zagreb Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery