''Rubus fruticosus'' L. is the ambiguous name of a European
blackberry
BlackBerry is a discontinued brand of handheld devices and related mobile services, originally developed and maintained by the Canadian company Research In Motion (RIM, later known as BlackBerry Limited) until 2016. The first BlackBerry device ...
species in the genus ''
Rubus
''Rubus'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae, most commonly known as brambles. Fruits of various species are known as raspberries, blackberries, dewberries, and bristleberries. ...
'' (part of the
rose family). The name has been interpreted in several ways:
*The species represented by the
type specimen
In biology, a type is a particular wikt:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to ancho ...
of ''Rubus fruticosus'' L., which is also the type specimen of the genus ''Rubus''. This specimen is considered to match the species ''
R. plicatus'', in ''Rubus''
subgenus
In biology, a subgenus ( subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the ge ...
''Rubus'',
section ''Rubus''.
[
* Various species consistent with ]Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...
' original description of the species, which was based on a mixture of specimens now considered to match ''Rubus ulmifolius
''Rubus ulmifolius'' is a species of wild blackberry known by the English common name elmleaf blackberry or thornless blackberry and the Spanish common name ''zarzamora''. It is native to Europe and North Africa, and has also become naturalize ...
'' and ''R. plicatus''
*a species aggregate (group of similar species) ''Rubus fruticosus'' agg. (a ''nomen ambiguum
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium,'' it may be impossible to determine whether a ...
'') that includes most (or rarely all) of a group called ''Rubus'' subgenus ''Rubus''[ (or less often: ''Rubus'' section ''Rubus'' ensu latissimo][):
** in a narrow sense, sometimes separated as the section ''Glandulosus'' (alternative name: subsection ''Hiemales''), with about 289 ]microspecies
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each ot ...
.[ or (ii) "most of" these sections; or (2) sections ''Glandulosus'', ''Rubus'' ensu strictoand ''Corylifolii''.][ Section ''Rubus'' ensu stricto(about 20 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section ''Glandulosus'' with either '' R. idaeus'' or '' R. allegheniensis''.][ Section ''Corylifolii'' (about 24 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section ''Glandulosus'' with '' R. caesius''.][
** even more broadly, including all the taxa in the subgenus ''Rubus'']
Incorrect applications
Apart from the established meaning of ''Rubus fruticosus'' L. as ''R. plicatus'', the name ''R. fruticosus'' has been incorrectly applied to several species, including:
* ''Rubus fructicosus'' Weihe & Nees, Rubi Germ. 24, 1822 -> '' Rubus montanus'' Lib. ex Lej., Fl. Spa 2: 317, 1813 (or part of ''R. montanus'') [
* ''Rubus fruticosus'' Lour. -> '' Rubus cochinchinensis'' Tratt.][
]
References
External links
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{{Set index article, plants