The Royal Academy Exhibition of 1850 was the eighty second annual

Summer Exhibition The Summer Exhibition is an open art exhibition held annually by the Royal Academy in Burlington House, Piccadilly in central London, England, during the months of June, July, and August. The exhibition includes paintings, prints, drawings, sc ...

of the British

Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House in Piccadilly London, England. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its ...

. It was held at the

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current di ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

Trafalgar Square Trafalgar Square ( ) is a public square in the City of Westminster in Central London. It was established in the early-19th century around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. Its name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, the Royal Navy, ...

from 6 May to 27 July 1850 during the

Victorian Era In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. Slightly different definitions are sometimes used. The era followed the ...

. It was the final time

J.M.W. Turner Joseph Mallord William Turner (23 April 177519 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbu ...

submitted works to the Academy before his death the following year. Turner has been exhibiting works at since his debut as a fifteen year old at the 1790 edition. His four submissions in his final year were inspired by the ''

Aeneid The ''Aeneid'' ( ; or ) is a Latin Epic poetry, epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Troy, Trojan who fled the Trojan War#Sack of Troy, fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Ancient Rome ...

'' by

Virgil Publius Vergilius Maro (; 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Rome, ancient Roman poet of the Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Augustan period. He composed three of the most fa ...

and the doomed romance of the

Carthaginian The term Carthaginian ( ) usually refers to the civilisation of ancient Carthage. It may also refer to: * Punic people, the Semitic-speaking people of Carthage * Punic language The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, i ...

queen

Dido Dido ( ; , ), also known as Elissa ( , ), was the legendary founder and first queen of the Phoenician city-state of Carthage (located in Tunisia), in 814 BC. In most accounts, she was the queen of the Phoenician city-state of Tyre (located ...

and the

Trojan Trojan or Trojans may refer to: * Of or from the ancient city of Troy * Trojan language, the language of the historical Trojans Arts and entertainment Music * '' Les Troyens'' ('The Trojans'), an opera by Berlioz, premiered part 1863, part 18 ...

Aeneas In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas ( , ; from ) was a Troy, Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus (mythology), Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy ...

. Turner was by the stage producing proto-

impressionist Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

works. One of the most popular works on display was

Edwin Landseer Sir Edwin Henry Landseer (7 March 1802 – 1 October 1873) was an English painter and sculptor, well known for his paintings of animals – particularly horses, dogs, and stags. His best-known work is the lion sculptures at the base of Nelso ...

's ''

A Dialogue at Waterloo ''A Dialogue at Waterloo'' is an 1850 history painting by the British artist Edwin Landseer. It depicts the elderly Duke of Wellington visiting the battlefield of Waterloo in Belgium many decades after he led Allied forces to victory there in 181 ...

'' it depicts an imaginary visit to the

Duke of Wellington Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they ar ...

to the battlefield of

Waterloo Waterloo most commonly refers to: * Battle of Waterloo, 1815 battle where Napoleon's French army was defeated by Anglo-allied and Prussian forces * Waterloo, Belgium Waterloo may also refer to: Other places Australia * Waterloo, New South Wale ...

many years after his victory there. The emerging

Pre-Raphaelite movement The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB), later known as the Pre-Raphaelites, was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossett ...

was represented by '' Christ in the House of His Parents'' by

John Everett Millais Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest s ...

, which attracted a great deal of criticism. William Edward Frost, a former pupil of

William Etty William Etty (10 March 1787 – 13 November 1849) was an English artist best known for his history paintings containing nude figures. He was the first significant British painter of nudes and still lifes. Born in York, he left sch ...

, continued the tradition of

nude art The nude, as a form of visual art that focuses on the unclothed human figure, is an enduring tradition in Western art. It was a preoccupation of Ancient Greek art, and after a semi-dormant period in the Middle Ages returned to a central position ...

with ''The Disarming of Cupid'' and ''Andromeda''.

Clarkson Stanfield Clarkson Frederick Stanfield (3 December 179318 May 1867) was an English painter best known for his large-scale paintings of marine art and Landscape painting, landscapes. He was the father of the painter George Clarkson Stanfield and the compo ...

displayed ''

Macbeth and the Witches ''Macbeth and the Witches'' is an 1850 oil painting by the British artist Clarkson Stanfield. Combining landscape and history painting it is inspired by William Shakespeare's of the play ''Macbeth''. The scene is of bleak-looking Scottish mountain ...

''.Van der Merwe & Took p.162 The French artist

Paul Delaroche Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (; Paris, 17 July 1797 – Paris, 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subje ...

displayed his 1831

history painting History painting is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than any artistic style or specific period. History paintings depict a moment in a narrative story, most often (but not exclusively) Greek and Roman mythology and B ...

Cromwell Opening the Coffin of Charles I ''Cromwell Opening the Coffin of Charles I'' (French language, French: ''Cromwell découvrant le cercueil de Charles '' or simply ''Cromwell et Charles Ier'') is an oil on canvas painting by Paul Delaroche from 1831. It can be seen in the Musée ...

'' It was the final exhibition held during the presidency of the Irish

portrait painter Portrait painting is a Hierarchy of genres, genre in painting, where the intent is to represent a specific human subject. The term 'portrait painting' can also describe the actual painted portrait. Portraitists may create their work by commissio ...

Martin Archer Shee Sir Martin Archer Shee (23 December 1769 – 13 August 1850) was an Irish portrait painter. He also served as the president of the Royal Academy. Early life He was born in Dublin, of an old Irish Roman Catholic family, the son of Martin Shee ...

. He was succeeded as

President of the Royal Academy Officers of the Royal Academy of Arts This is a list of the officers of the Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House in Piccadilly London, England. Founded in 1768, it has a ...

Charles Lock Eastlake Sir Charles Lock Eastlake (17 November 1793 – 24 December 1865) was a British Painting, painter, gallery director, collector and writer of the 19th century. After a period as Curator#Collections curator, keeper, he was the first director of ...

Gallery

File:Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851) - Mercury Sent to Admonish Aeneas - N00553 - National Gallery.jpg, ''Mercury Sent to Admonish Aeneas'' by

File:(Barcelona) The Visit to the Tomb - William Turner - Tate Britain.jpg, ''The Visit to the Tomb'' by

File:Edwin Henry Landseer (1802-1873) - A Dialogue at Waterloo - N00415 - National Gallery.jpg, ''

'' by

File:Clarkson Frederick Stanfield (1793-1867) - Macbeth and the Witches - L.F10.1890.0.0 - Leicester Museum ^ Art Gallery.jpg, ''

'' by

File:William Edward Frost (1810-77) - The Disarming of Cupid - RCIN 407163 - Royal Collection.jpg, ''The Disarming of Cupid'' by William Edward Frost File:William Powell Frith (1819-1909) - Mr Honeywood Introduces the Bailiffs to Miss Richland as His Friends (from Oliver Goldsmith's 'The G - FA.74(O) - Victoria and Albert Museum.jpg, ''Mr Honeywood Introduces the Bailiffs to Miss Richland as His Friends'' by

William Powell Frith William Powell Frith (9 January 1819 – 2 November 1909) was an English painter specialising in genre subjects and panoramic narrative works of life in the Victorian era. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1853, presenting ''The Slee ...

File:Frederick Richard Pickersgill (1820-1900) - Samson Betrayed - 1882.19 - Manchester Art Gallery.jpg, ''Samson Betrayed'' by Frederick Richard Pickersgill File:John Linnell (1792-1882) - Crossing the Brook - 81.1901 - Bury Art Museum.jpg, ''Crossing the Brook'' by

John Linnell John Sidney Linnell ( ; born June 12, 1959) is an American musician and multi-instrumentalist, and is one half of the Brooklyn-based alternative rock band They Might Be Giants, with John Flansburgh, which was formed in 1982. In addition to sing ...

File:Millais ferdy.jpg, ''Ferdinand Lured by Ariel'' by

File:John Everett Millais - Christ in the House of His Parents (`The Carpenter's Shop') - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Christ in the House of His Parents'' by

File:William Holman Hunt - A Converted British Family.jpg, '' A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Missionary from the Persecution of the Druids'' by

William Holman Hunt William Holman Hunt (2 April 1827 – 7 September 1910) was an English painter and one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. His paintings were notable for their great attention to detail, vivid colour, and elaborate symbolism ...

File:Barker, Thomas Jones, News of Battle--Edinburgh after Flodden.jpg, ''Edinburgh after Flodden'' by

Thomas Jones Barker Thomas Jones Barker (19 April 1813 – 29 March 1882) was an English historical, military, and portrait painter. The Barkers of Bath Thomas Jones Barker was born at Bath, Somerset, Bath in 1815, into a family of artists. His grandfather, Benja ...

File:Baptism in Scotland.jpg, ''Baptism in Scotland'' by

John Phillip John Phillip (19 April 1817 – 27 February 1867) was a Scottish painter best known for his portrayals of Spanish life. He started painting these studies after a trip to Spain in 1851. He was nicknamed John 'Spanish' Phillip. Life Phi ...

File:Joseph Severn (1793-1879) - The Abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots - 1402-1869 - Victoria and Albert Museum.jpg, ''The Abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots'' by

Joseph Severn Joseph Severn (7 December 1793 – 3 August 1879) was an English portrait and subject painter and a personal friend of the English poet John Keats. He exhibited portraits, Italian genre, literary and biblical subjects, and a selection of ...

File:James Clarke Hook (1819-1907) - A Dream of Venice - VIS.1453 - Sheffield Galleries and Museums Trust.jpg, ''A Dream of Venice'' by

James Clarke Hook James Clarke Hook (21 November 1819 – 14 April 1907) was an England, English painting, painter and etching, etcher of Marine art, marine, genre#Visual arts, genre and History painting, historical scenes, and Landscape art, landscapes. Life ...

File:Thomas Creswick (1811-1869) - The First Glimpse of the Sea - THC0012 - Royal Holloway, University of London.jpg, ''The First Glimpse of the Sea '' by Thomas Creswick File:Charles Lock Eastlake (1793-1865) - The Escape of Francesco Novello di Carrara, with his Wife, from the Duke of Milan - N00399 - National Gallery.jpg, ''The Escape of Francesco Novello di Carrara'' by

File:Sir Charles Lock Eastlake (1793-1865) - The Good Samaritan - RCIN 408935 - Royal Collection.jpg, ''The Good Samaritan'' by

File:DelarocheCromwell.jpg, ''

'' by

File:The Last Man (Martin, 1849).png, ''The Last Man'' by John Martin File:David Roberts (1796-1864) - Lierre, Interior of Saint-Gommaire - P258 - The Wallace Collection.jpg, ''Interior of Saint-Gommaire'' by David Roberts File:David Roberts (1796-1864) - Shrine of Saint Gomar at Lierre, Belgium - PRSMG , P489 - Harris Museum.jpg, ''Shrine of Saint Gomar at Lierre'' by David Roberts File:The Ruins of the Smaller Temple at Baalbec.jpeg, ''The Ruins of the Smaller Temple at Baalbec'' by David Roberts File:William Dyce - The meeting of Jacob and Rachel.jpg, ''The Meeting of Jacob and Rachel'' by

William Dyce William Dyce (; 19 September 1806 in Aberdeen14 February 1864) was a Scottish painter, who played a part in the formation of public art education in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, and the South Kensington Schoo ...

File:King James II Receiving the News of the Landing of William of Orange.jpg, ''King James II Receiving the News of the Landing of William of Orange'' by Edward Matthew Ward File:Edward Matthew Ward (1816-1879) - Izaak Walton Angling, A Summer's Day on the Banks of the Colne, Essex - 1385 - Guildhall Art Gallery.jpg, '' Izaac Walton Angling on a Summer's Day'' by Edward Matthew Ward File:The Awakening of King Lear.png, ''The Awakening of King Lear by the Kiss of Cordelia'' by

Charles West Cope Charles West Cope (28 July 1811– 21 August 1890) was an English, Victorian era painter of genre and history scenes, and an etcher. He was responsible for painting several frescos in the House of Lords in London. Life and work Early lif ...

File:Daniel Maclise - The Spirit of Justice - M1881-1-1 - Auckland Art Gallery.jpg, ''The Spirit of Justice'' by

Daniel Maclise Daniel Maclise (25 January 180625 April 1870) was an Irish history painter, literary and portrait painter, and illustrator, who worked for most of his life in London, England. Early life Maclise was born in Cork, Ireland (then part of the ...

File:Solomon Alexander Hart - The Feast of the Rejoicing of the Law at the Synagogue in Leghorn, Italy - Google Art Project.jpg, ''The Feast of the Rejoicing of the Law at the Synagogue in Leghorn, Italy'' by Solomon Hart File:Portrait de Henri d'Orléans à Claremont - Mottez - Musée Condé.jpg, ''

Duke of Aumale Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...

'' by Victor Mottez File:George Patten (1801-1865) - Edmund Buckley - 1968.241 - Manchester Art Gallery.jpg, '' Edmund Buckley'' by

George Patten George Patten (29 June 1801 – 11 March 1865) was a British portraitist. Life Patten was born on 29 June 1801, the son of William Patten, a miniature-painter, whose works were exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1791 and 1844, and who ...

File:John Prescott Knight (1803-1881) - Thomas Sidney Cooper (1803–1902), RA - CANCM-8362 - Canterbury Museums and Galleries.jpg, '' Thomas Sidney Cooper'' by John Prescott Knight File:John Prescott Knight (1803-1881) - Sir James Duke (1792–1873), Bt, MP City of London - M1978.21 - ANGUSalive.jpg, '' Sir James Duke'' by John Prescott Knight File:Abp Thomas Musgrave by FR Say.jpg, '' Thomas Musgrave'' by

Frederick Richard Say Frederick Richard Say (30 November 1804 – 30 March 1868) was a notable society portrait painter in London between 1830 and 1860, undertaking commissions for portraits of figures such as Earl Grey, Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington an ...

File:Francis Grant (1803-1878) - Robert Barter (1790–1861), Warden of Winchester College - Ao24 - Winchester College.jpg, ''Robert Barter'' by Francis Grant File:Henry Hardinge (Grant).jpg, '' Henry Hardinge'' by Francis Grant

References

{{Reflist

Bibliography

* Bailey, Anthony. ''J.M.W. Turner: Standing in the Sun''. Tate Enterprises Ltd, 2013. * Murray, Peter. ''Daniel Maclise, 1806-1870: Romancing the Past''. Crawford Art Gallery, 2009. * Shanes, Eric. ''The Life and Masterworks of J.M.W. Turner''. Parkstone International, 2012. * Van der Merwe, Pieter & Took, Roger. ''The Spectacular career of Clarkson Stanfield''. Tyne and Wear County Council Museums, 1979. * Wills, Catherine. ''High Society: The Life and Art of Sir Francis Grant, 1803–1878''. National Galleries of Scotland, 2003. 1850 in London 1850 in art Royal Academy Exhibitions