Rothe House is a late 16th-century merchant's

townhouse A townhouse, townhome, town house, or town home, is a type of Terraced house, terraced housing. A modern townhouse is often one with a small footprint on multiple floors. In a different British usage, the term originally referred to any type o ...

complex located in the city of

Kilkenny Kilkenny ( , meaning 'church of Cainnech of Aghaboe, Cainnech'). is a city in County Kilkenny, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is located in the South-East Region, Ireland, South-East Region and in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinst ...

, Ireland. The complex was built by John Rothe Fitz-Piers between 1594 and 1610 and is made up of three houses, three enclosed courtyards, and a large reconstructed garden with orchard. As a museum, it is accessible to the public. Rothe House is the only remaining example of a complete

burgage plot Burgage is a medieval land term used in Great Britain and Ireland, well established by the 13th century. A burgage was a town ("borough" or "burgh") rental property (to use modern terms), owned by a king or lord. The property ("burgage tenement ...

in Ireland, and considered to be nationally significant because of the range of original post-medieval features that survive. The property, an important element of Kilkenny's heritage, is owned by the

Kilkenny Archaeological Society The Kilkenny Archaeological Society is an archaeological society in County Kilkenny, Ireland. History The Kilkenny Archaeological Society was founded in 1946.. An older society with the same name existed,. which developed into the Royal Society ...

and houses some of the society's collection of artefacts relating to Kilkenny City,

County A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

and Ireland. The garden to the rear of the house has been reconstructed to reflect a typical 17th-century garden. It features a well dug by

Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...

monks (based in Duiske Abbey in Graiguenamagh) who owned the property before the dissolution of monasteries. The burgage plot on which Rothe House was built survives intact – one of a few in such an unaltered state. Kilkenny's

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...

city wall forms part of the curtilage of the Rothe House complex.

History

The Rothe family were merchants foremost, but also involved in politics. They were part of an oligarchy of around ten families who controlled Kilkenny throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, and into the 17th century. Rothe House was constructed on a

John Rothe Fitz Piers acquired. All three houses are dated, the first at 1594 on John Rothe's coat-of-arms next to the oriel window, the second at 1604 in an inscription on the cistern once connected to the second house and the third at 1610 on the Rothe-Archer coat-of-arms above its entrance door. John Rothe is buried at the former

St. Mary's Church St. Mary's Church, St. Mary the Virgin's Church, St. Mary Church, Saint Mary Church, or other variations on the name, is a commonly used name for specific churches of various Christian denominations. Notable uses of the term may refer to: Albania ...

in a tomb he provided for in his 1619 will. The house was confiscated after Charles I's defeat in England, due to the family's involvement in the

confederation of Kilkenny Confederate Ireland, also referred to as the Irish Catholic Confederation, was a period of Irish Catholic self-government between 1642 and 1652, during the Eleven Years' War. Formed by Catholic aristocrats, landed gentry, clergy and military ...

. It is believed that the Ecclesiastical Assembly, one of the three bodies forming the confederation, met at Rothe House. Following the restoration of Charles II, the house was given back to the Rothe family, but they lost it again after the

Battle of the Boyne The Battle of the Boyne ( ) took place in 1690 between the forces of the deposed King James II, and those of King William III who, with his wife Queen Mary II (his cousin and James's daughter), had acceded to the Crowns of England and Sc ...

. It changed ownership several times, before it was finally purchased by

in 1962. For over 100 years (until 2015), the second house served the

Gaelic League (; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it eme ...

as a meeting venue, where

Thomas MacDonagh Thomas Stanislaus MacDonagh (; 1 February 1878 – 3 May 1916) was an Irish political activist, poet, playwright, educationalist and revolutionary leader. He was one of the seven leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, a signatory of the Proclama ...

taught Irish history. One of the rooms is now named in honour of him, whereas most of the other rooms are named after former (mostly female) members of Kilkenny Archaeological Society.

Architecture

Rothe House is an example of a house owned by Kilkenny's merchant class. It was built in the

English Renaissance The English Renaissance was a Cultural movement, cultural and Art movement, artistic movement in England during the late 15th, 16th and early 17th centuries. It is associated with the pan-European Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginni ...

style which was introduced to the south-east of Ireland by Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond, in the 1560s. Rothe House model

The configuration of the original consecutive building sequence of John Rothe's three houses (dating respectively to 1594, 1604 and 1610) has survived intact. Rothe's sequential building programme is significant, as he deliberately built three independent houses rather than extending the first house to accommodate the needs of his growing family. In this, he followed the pattern of development chosen by his wife's family (the Archers) in their arrangement of the Archer house and the house built behind it, now known as 'The Hole in the Wall' (off High Street). Shee Almshouse

Houses in Kilkenny which survive from the same period as Rothe House are: 'The Hole in the Wall', High Street, built 1582-4 by the Archer family;

Shee Alms House Shee Alms House was founded by the Shee family in 1582 'to accommodate twelve poor persons' in the city of Kilkenny, Ireland. It is a nationally significant Tudor period almshouse. House Sir Richard Shee founded the alms house, originally call ...

, Rose Inn Street built 1582 by the Shee family; The Bridge House, John Street built around the late 16th century which survives in part; Kyteler's Inn, St. Kieran's Street built 1473–1702 by the Kyteler family; also Deanery, Coach Road in 1614 and 21 Parliament Street which was built in the late 16th/17th century and survives in part.

Statutory status

Rothe House is listed as an element of the urban area of Kilkenny City in the ''

Record of Monuments and Places The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP; ) is a list of historical and archaeological sites the Republic of Ireland established under the National Monuments Acts. It can be consulted in county libraries and local authority offices and online and ...

'', where it is listed in the ''Area of Archaeological Importance'' in the ''Urban Archaeological Survey County Kilkenny''. It also is a nationally significant structure from the ''Planning Authority Development Plan'' under List 1 of the Kilkenny City and Environs Development Plan, 1994 and it is listed as being of national importance in the

National Inventory of Architectural Heritage The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) maintains a central database of the architectural heritage of the Republic of Ireland covering the period since 1700 in complement to the Archaeological Survey of Ireland, which focuses on arc ...

survey of Kilkenny.

Museum

The museum at Rothe House contains a number of archaeological and historical artefacts, most of which were found locally or donated by citizens of Kilkenny to the Kilkenny Archaeological Society.

Notes

External links