''Rosularia'' is a small

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the stonecrop family or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon flowering plants characterized by succulent leaves and a unique form of photosynthesis, known as Cr ...

. It includes about 28-35

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

from

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located enti ...

, the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over ...

, and northern

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Taxonomy

''Rosularia'' was originally described by

De Candolle Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple of years de Candoll ...

(1828) as a section of the genus

Umbilicus Umbilicus may refer to: *The navel or belly button *Umbilicus (mollusc), a feature of gastropod, Nautilus and Ammonite shell anatomy * ''Umbilicus'' (plant), a genus of over ninety species of perennial flowering plants *Umbilicus urbis Romae The ...

, and raised to the level of genus by Stapf (1923) Thus the genus bears the

botanical authority In botanical nomenclature, author citation is the way of citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the ''International Cod ...

( DC) Stapf of both authors. In 1930

Berger Berger is a surname in both German and French, although there is no etymological connection between the names in the two languages. The French surname is an occupational name for a shepherd, from Old French ''bergier'' (Late Latin ''berbicarius'', ...

included it in family

subfamily Sedoideae, as one of 9 genera. He further divided it into two sections (Eu-Rosularia and Ornithogalopsis) and further series, transferring some species of ''Sedum'' to it. Since then a number of species have been transferred in and out of the genus, including ''S. sempervivoides'', which at one stage was placed in '' Prometheum''. The genus ''Sempervivella'' was submerged in ''Rosularia''. The genus is now placed within the Leucosedum clade, tribe Sedeae, subfamily

Sempervivoideae Sempervivoideae is the largest of three subfamilies in the Saxifragales family Crassulaceae, with about 20–30 genera with succulent leaves. Unlike the two smaller subfamilies, it is distributed in temperate climates. The largest genus in this ...

of the

, but is embedded within ''Sedum''

paraphyletically In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be paraphyletic ''with respect to'' the excluded subgroups. In ...

Species

''Rosularia'' contains about 28 species. The following species and subspecies were accepted by

The Plant List The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden and launched in 2010. It was intended to be a comprehensive record of all known names of plant species ...

(2013): * '' Rosularia adenotricha'' (Wall. ex Edgew.) C.-A. Jansson ** ''Rosularia adenotricha'' subsp. ''viguieri'' (Raym.-Hamet) C.-A. Jansson * ''

Rosularia aizoon ''Rosularia aizoon'' is a succulent that forms rosettes of hairy, pale green to blue-green leaves. It is hardy down to zone 7a (-17 °C, 0 °F) and blooms in summer. The plant was first described as ''Prometheun aizoon'' by Eduard Fenz ...

'' (Fenzl) A. Berger * '' Rosularia alpestris'' (Kar. & Kir.) Boriss ** '' ''Rosularia alpestris'' subsp. ''marnieri''(Raymond-Hamet ex H. Ohba) Eggli * '' Rosularia blepharophylla'' Eggli * '' Rosularia borissovae'' U.P.Pratov * '' Rosularia chrysantha'' (Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.) Takhtajan * '' Rosularia cypria'' (Holmboe) Meikle * '' Rosularia davisii'' Muirhead * '' Rosularia elymaitica'' (Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.) A. Berger * '' Rosularia glabra'' (Regel & Winkl.) A.Berger * '' Rosularia globulariifolia'' (Fenzl) A. Berger * '' Rosularia haussknechtii'' (Boiss. & Reut. ex Boiss.) A. Berger * ''

Rosularia jaccardiana ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Maire & Wilczek) H. Ohba * ''

Rosularia libanotica ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (L.) Sam. * '' Rosularia lineata'' (Boiss.) A.Berger * ''

Rosularia lutea ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' Boriss. * '' Rosularia pallida'' (Schott & Kotschy) Stapf * '' Rosularia pallidiflora'' (Holmboe) Meikle * ''

Rosularia persica ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus Umbilicu ...

'' (Boiss.) A. Berger * ''

Rosularia pilosa ''Prometheum pilosum'' is a succulent plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is native to Asia. References {{Taxonbar, from1=Q17759730, from2=Q15484930 Crassulaceae Flora of Asia Plants described in 1939 ...

'' (Fischer ex M. Bieberstein) Boriss. * ''

Rosularia platyphylla ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Schrenk) A.Berger * ''

Rosularia radicosa ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Boiss. & Hohen.) Eggli * ''

Rosularia rechingeri ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' C.-A. Jansson * ''

Rosularia rosulata ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Edgew.) H. Ohba * '' Rosularia schischkinii'' Boriss. * ''

Rosularia sedoides ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Decne.) H. Ohba * '' Rosularia semiensis'' (J. Gay ex A. Richard) H. Ohba * '' Rosularia sempervivoides'' (Fischer ex M. Bieberstein) Boriss. * ''

Rosularia serpentinica ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Werderm.) Muirhead * ''

Rosularia serrata ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus Umbilicu ...

'' (L.) A.Berger * ''

Rosularia subspicata ''Rosularia'' is a small genus of the family Crassulaceae. It includes about 28-35 species from Europe, the Himalayas, and northern Africa. Taxonomy ''Rosularia'' was originally described by De Candolle (1828) as a section of the genus ...

'' (Freyn) Boriss.

Distribution and habitat

''Rosularia'' is found in

arid A region is arid when it severely lacks available water, to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life. Regions with arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic. Most ...

and semi-arid regions from N. Africa (Morocco, Ethiopia), through the eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia (north of

Tien Shan The Tian Shan,, , otk, 𐰴𐰣 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃, , tr, Tanrı Dağı, mn, Тэнгэр уул, , ug, تەڭرىتاغ, , , kk, Тәңіртауы / Алатау, , , ky, Теңир-Тоо / Ала-Тоо, , , uz, Tyan-Shan / Tangritog‘ ...

and east of W Himalaya), including Pakistan.

Ecology

''Rosularia'' is an important larval host for the Central Asian butterfly ''

Parnassius apollonius ''Parnassius apollonius'' is a member of the snow Apollo genus ''Parnassius'' of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae. It is found in central and south Kazakhstan, the south Altai, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Tian-Shan, Ghissar-Darva ...

''.

Uses

A number of species are cultivated as

ornamental garden plants Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

, and have been used in

traditional medicine Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before th ...

References

Bibliography

;Books * * * * '
full text at
'

ResearchGate ResearchGate is a European commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators. According to a 2014 study by ''Nature'' and a 2016 article in '' Times Higher Education ...

) ;Articles * * * * ;Websites * * * * Crassulaceae Crassulaceae genera {{Crassulaceae-stub