The Rosminians, officially named the Institute of Charity (), abbreviated I.C., are a

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

clerical

religious congregation A religious congregation is a type of Religious institute (Catholic), religious institute in the Catholic Church. They are legally distinguished from Religious order (Catholic), religious orders – the other major type of religious institute – i ...

of Pontifical Right for men founded by

Antonio Rosmini Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati, IC (; 25 March 17971 July 1855) was an Italian Catholic priest and philosopher. He founded the Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity, and pioneered the concept of social justice an ...

and first organised in 1828. The order was formally approved by the

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

in 1838, and took its name from "

charity Charity may refer to: Common meanings * Charitable organization or charity, a non-profit organization whose primary objectives are philanthropy and social well-being of persons * Charity (practice), the practice of being benevolent, giving and sha ...

" as the fullness of Christian virtue. Its members are commonly called Fathers of Charity and use the

postnominal Post-nominal letters, also called post-nominal initials, post-nominal titles, designatory letters, or simply post-nominals, are letters placed after a person's name to indicate that the individual holds a position, an academic degree, accreditation ...

letters IC.

Foundation

Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati, IC (; 25 March 17971 July 1855) was an Italian Catholic priest and philosopher. He founded the Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity, and pioneered the concept of social justice a ...

(1797-1855), also known as Antonio Rosmini, was an Italian from

Rovereto Rovereto (; "wood of sessile oaks"; locally: ''Roveredo'') is a city and ''comune'' in Trentino in northern Italy, located in the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River. History Rovereto was an ancient fortress town standing at the fronti ...

in the Austrian

Tyrol Tyrol ( ; historically the Tyrole; ; ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, f ...

, ordained in 1821. His two life principles, written down at this time were: First, to apply himself to correct his faults and purify his soul by prayer and living a life as close to the teaching of

Christ Jesus ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Christianity, central figure of Christianity, the M ...

as possible. Second, to accept any opportunity to do charitable work. This principle was soon put to the test when the Marchioness di Canossa asked him to establish an institute for the education of poor boys. Rosmini saw this as God's hand at work.Pollard, William Henry. "Rosminians." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 28 June 2019 In 1827 Rosmini was in

Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...

and met the Abbé Loewenbruck who informed him that he had been thinking about establishing a

religious institute In the Catholic Church, a religious institute is "a society in which members, according to proper law, pronounce public religious vows, vows, either perpetual or temporary which are to be renewed, however, when the period of time has elapsed, a ...

which would help to promote better education and

spirituality The meaning of ''spirituality'' has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape o ...

in the clergy. Again, Rosmini saw the hand of God in this request. Still, as Rosmini believed that God would do the necessary prompting, he did not seek out anyone to join the new society he planned to establish. Two or three people who knew his thoughts joined him by their own request, and the three began to live according to the principles Rosmini had established.

Pius VIII Pope Pius VIII (; born Francesco Saverio Maria Felice Castiglioni; 20 November 1761 – 30 November 1830) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 31 March 1829 to his death in November 1830. Pius VIII's pontificate wa ...

, who was elected

pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

in the following March, called him to an audience. "If you think", said Pius, "of beginning with something small, and leaving all the rest to God, we gladly approve; not so if you thought of starting on a large scale." Rosmini answered that he had always proposed a very humble beginning. In the autumn of 1830, he gave the institute something of its current form; and all the community began to pass through stages of religious training. Such was the state of affairs when on 2 February 1831, Rosmini's friend, Cardinal Cappellari, was chosen pope and took the name of

Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI (; ; born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1831 to his death in June 1846. He had adopted the name Mauro upon enteri ...

. Gregory was a supporter of the institute, and published a

papal brief A papal brief or breve (from the Latin "''breve'', meaning "short") is a formal document emanating from the pope. History The introduction of briefs, which occurred at the beginning of the pontificate of Pope Eugene IV (3 March 1431 – 23 Februa ...

in March, calling the new society by its name and rejoicing in its progress under the approval of the bishops. It was not until March 1837, that Rosmini submitted the constitutions of his religious society for papal approval. The matter was entrusted to the

Congregation of Bishops and Regulars The Congregation of Bishops and Regulars () was a department of the Roman Curia that, beginning in the late 16th century, managed the diocesan bishops and those individuals, both male and female, and establishments associated with religious orders. ...

, which declared, on 16 June, its general commendation, but also its judgment that it was as yet too young to be approved as a regular congregation. There was also a problem with Rosmini's understanding of the religious

vow of poverty Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a basic standard of living. Poverty can have diverse

. The normal practice was for members of a

to renounce all possessions, whereas the constitutions drawn up by Rosmini permitted members to hold personal property. On 20 December 1838, the

Vatican Vatican may refer to: Geography * Vatican City, an independent city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy * Vatican Hill, in Rome, namesake of Vatican City * Ager Vaticanus, an alluvial plain in Rome * Vatican, an unincorporated community in the ...

's congregation met again and gave its opinion that the society should have the status of a religious congregation; the pope immediately ratified this decision. On the following 25 March, the vows were first made, by 20 in Italy and 5 in England. Five of these then went to

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

and on 22 August, in the Catacombs of St Sebastian made the fourth vow of special obedience to the pope. Apostolic letters embodying Rosmini's own summary of the constitutions were issued on 20 September, naming Rosmini as the first provost-general of the institute for life.

Spirit and organisation

The spirit of the Rosminian community is strongly characterised by the belief that God speaks to people in a variety of ways, and makes His will known according to the abilities of each person. For the Rosminian, the main ways God prompts people are: * through the request of someone in need; * through someone speaking on behalf of a person in need; * through the needs themselves being seen.

Membership

There are two kinds of membership in the Institute of Charity. The first are those who take on themselves the discipline of the society and bind themselves by vows of

poverty, chastity and obedience In Christianity, the three evangelical counsels, or counsels of perfection, are chastity, poverty (or perfect charity), and obedience. As stated by Jesus in the canonical gospels, they are counsels for those who desire to become "perfect" (, ). ...

. The second is normally composed of people who are married, but may include those who are single but do not feel called to the religious life. These people strive to live according to the Rosminian charism, to pray daily and to meet with others when possible. As with all religious communities, a person who wishes to embrace the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, goes through a period of intense discernment. After two years of noviceship, the first profession is made which includes the temporary vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. He thus becomes a scholastic, but is not incorporated into the institute until he becomes a coadjutor after a further period of religious, spiritual and academic preparation. Coadjutors add the promise of not seeking any promotion either within the society or outside. Religious vows are renewed at this time, but now for life.

Vows

For Rosminians, poverty does not mean relinquishing all possessions, but rather not being possessed by one's possessions; to this end, members of the congregation have always been permitted to own personal possessions. The vow of chastity is understood in the sense of not only remaining unmarried and abstaining from sexual activity, but also in how people are to be treated. The vow of obedience means listening to the requests of those in charge, taking into account the good of God's people, and prayerfully seeking to see the hand of God in what is being asked.

Further information

The institute is governed by a provost-general chosen by elected members. He has full powers except for a few exceptional cases. The institute is divided into provinces. The Provincial Superior of the Gentili Province which covers England and Wales, Ireland, the United States and New Zealand is Father David Myers. The main houses in

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

are Monte Calvario, which has long been both a novitiate and house of theological study; the college founded in 1839 for young boys at

Stresa Stresa is a ''comune'' (municipality) of about 4,600 residents on the shores of Lake Maggiore in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the Italian region of Piedmont. about northwest of Milan. It is situated on road and rail routes to the Sim ...

, and the large college for older ones at

Domodossola Domodossola (; ) is a city and (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, northern Italy. It was also known as Oscela, Oscella, Oscella dei Leponzi, Ossolo, Ossola Lepontiorum, and Domo d'Ossola (due to it ...

built in 1873. The care of the Sanctuary of S. Michele della Chiusa, an ancient abbey on a steep mountain peak near

Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...

, was accepted in 1835. The founding of the English province is inseparably linked with the names of

Luigi Gentili Aloysius Luigi Gentili (14 July 1801 Rome – 26 September 1848 Dublin) was an Italian Rosminian cleric. Biography Gentili's early life was that of a brilliant young man of the world. He sought admission into the Society of Jesus but was refuse ...

and Ambrose de Lisle. They were sent by Rosmini in 1835 with two companions to teach both lay and church students. Invited to the Midland district, the fathers taught for a while at

Old Oscott Old Oscott (originally Oscott) is an area of Great Barr, Birmingham, England (previously in the parish of Handsworth, Staffordshire). The suburb forms a triangle bounded to the north by Pheasey, to the west by Perry Beeches, and to the east ...

, and in 1841 opened the mission of

Loughborough Loughborough ( ) is a market town in the Charnwood (borough), Charnwood Borough of Leicestershire, England; it is the administrative centre of Charnwood Borough Council. At the United Kingdom 2021 census, the town's built-up area had a popula ...

at St Mary's Church. Many converts were made and some missions were founded in the neighbourhood, and in 1843 the first public mission ever preached in England was given by Gentili. In the same year at Ratcliffe, near

Leicester Leicester ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city, Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area, and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. It is the largest city in the East Midlands with a popula ...

, the foundations were laid for a novitiate designed by

Pugin Pugin most commonly refers to Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–1852), an English architect and designer. Members of his family include: * Augustus Charles Pugin Augustus Charles Pugin (born Auguste-Charles Pugin; 1762 – 19 Decem ...

, but it became a

school A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the Educational architecture, building) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students, usually under the direction of teachers. Most co ...

. The Rosminians serve in 15 parishes throughout

England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the Law of the United Kingdom#Legal jurisdictions, three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Th ...

Irish Province

The Rosminians of the Irish Province were appointed by the Archbishop of Dublin to run services for the blind in St Joseph's, Drumcondra, Dublin in 1955, the School, originally called St Joseph's Asylum for the Male Blind was founded by the Carmelites in 1859, and moved in 1870 to the lands of ''Drumcondra Castle''. The School which became known as St Joseph's School for the Blind, and Visually Impaired, was residential for boys and was officially opened in 1960 by the Dept. of Education. In 2012 St Joseph's became ChildVision the national education centre for blind children in Ireland. ''ChildVision'' run assessment, speech and language, education, a garden, a petting zoo, and an Equine Therapy facility in St Joseph's, there is also a centre in Cork. They run preschool services, and vocational training, as well as assisting the on-campus, primary and secondary schools. In 2014 the Rosminian order sold the lands in St Joseph's but took out a 25-year lease on the houses and buildings which it will use for ChildVision. St. Joseph's Primary School for Children with Visual Impairment, and works closely with ChildVision. In 2003, visually impaired and blind girls, were first admitted to St Joseph's, when St Mary's School for Visually Impaired Girls closed in Mount Merrion. In 1970 Rosmini College an all-boys school was founded, which became PobalScoil Rosmini in 1982 in a new building, serving as a mainstream secondary school for the locality as well for the visually impaired students. In 2002 Rosmini Community College became co-educational, and in 2003 accepted in its first visually impaired girls. The Rosmini Gaels GAA Club was set up by former staff of the school. The Rosminians also ran

Clonturk Clonturk () is an area on the Northside (Dublin), Northside of Dublin, in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. It is located in the south of the suburb of Drumcondra, Dublin, Drumcondra, just north of the River Tolka, but previously, Clonturk had been ...

House, which closed in 2009 as a home for adult visually impaired men, where one of its former residents was the renowned Dublin character Thomas Dudley (known as Bang Bang), who is buried in the Cemetery on the St Joseph's lands.

Child sexual abuse scandals

St Michael's Catholic Boarding School, Soni, Tanzania

A prominent United Kingdom member of the order, Kit Cunningham, together with three other Rosminian priests were exposed after Cunningham's death as paedophiles. While at Soni, Cunningham perpetrated sexual abuse that made the school, according to one pupil, "a loveless, violent and sad hellhole". Other pupils recall being photographed naked, hauled out of bed at night to have their genitals fondled and other sexual abuse. Although known about by the Rosminians before Cunningham's death in 2010, the abuse was only publicly revealed by the media in 2011. Formal action was launched by 22 former pupils at the civil court in Leicester on 20 March 2013.

Grace Dieu Manor Catholic School, UK

Victims of abuse by staff at

Grace Dieu Manor School Grace Dieu Manor School was a private Catholic preparatory school at Grace-Dieu, near Thringstone in Leicestershire, England. It was founded in May 1933 by the Rosminians as a prep school for Ratcliffe College, and occupied the 19th-century Gr ...

, England are suing the Rosminians. Their abuse was catalogued in the BBC documentary ''Abused: Breaking the Silence''."Ex-pupils in legal bid 'after years of abuse'" ''Leicester Mercury'' 21 June 2011

Industrial schools in Ireland

The Rosminians ran St Joseph's Industrial School, Clonmel (known as Ferryhouse) and St Patrick's Industrial School, Upton. Both were investigated by the

Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse The Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (CICA) was one of a range of measures introduced by the Irish Government to investigate the extent and effects of abuse on children from 1936 onwards. Commencing its work in 1999, it was commonly known ...

. Like many residential institutions in Ireland, following the publication of the Ryan report in 2009, Ferryhouse and Upton were recognised as places of systematic physical and

sexual abuse of children Child sexual abuse (CSA), also called child molestation, is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child (whe ...

carried on over many years. Sexual abuse by members of the religious order was a chronic problem and it was dealt with in a manner that put the interests of the order, the institution and even the abuser ahead of that of the children. Abusers were transferred to other institutions, putting children at those institutions at risk.Chapter 2, St. Patrick’s Industrial School, Upton (‘Upton’), 1889–1966
section 2.216, Report of the

The Rosminian order was aware of the criminal nature of the abuse, but did not treat it as a crime.

Apology for English abuse by the provincial of English Rosminians

According to an online news story, issued on 23 June 2011: "Following the U.K. broadcast of a documentary detailing the abuse of some 35 boys by four Rosminian priests in the 1960s, the order's provincial in England released an apology for the acts of abuse and for our inadequate response."

Settlement

The audited financial statements for the year ending 5 April 2015 report under the heading “Legal and safeguarding related costs" that "Last year’s report referred to legal claims which had been brought against the Charity concerning the welfare of children between approximately 1940 and 1985. A settlement has now been reached in relation to these claims." The Charity was liable also for the claimants' legal fees. The matter has had a significant impact on the Charity's finances with payment of their legal and settlement costs amounting to a total GBP 1,746,523 for the year.

Schools

* Colegio Antonio Rosmini,

Maracaibo Maracaibo ( , ; ) is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela. It is the largest city in Venezuela and is List of cities in Venezuela by population ...

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

Ratcliffe College Ratcliffe College is a coeducational Catholic private boarding and day school near the village of Ratcliffe on the Wreake, Leicestershire, approximately from Leicester, England. The college, situated in of parkland on the Fosse Way about si ...

, Ratcliffe on the Wreake, Leicestershire
Rosmini High School
Tanga,

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

Rosmini College Rosmini College is a state integrated Catholic School, Catholic secondary school for boys, situated in Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand. The proprietor of the school is Roman Catholic Diocese of Auckland, the Bishop of Auckland. The school cater ...

Auckland Auckland ( ; ) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It has an urban population of about It is located in the greater Auckland Region, the area governed by Auckland Council, which includes outlying rural areas and ...

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

ChildVision
Drumcondra,

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

St Joseph's Primary School for Children with Visual Impairment
Drumcondra,

* Unidad Educativa Juan XXIII,

Cabimas Cabimas is a city on the shore of Maracaibo Lake in Zulia State in northwestern Venezuela. In 2005, its population was around 200,859. Before 1900, Venezuela was known to possess commercial quantities of petroleum. One major find was the ' Zumaq ...

Rosmini Community School
Drumcondra,

* St Peter's College,

Gore Gore may refer to: Places Australia * Gore, Queensland * Gore Creek (New South Wales) * Gore Island (Queensland) Canada * Gore, Nova Scotia, a rural community * Gore, Quebec, a township municipality * Gore Bay, Ontario, a township on Manito ...

, New Zealand ;Defunct *

, near

Thringstone Thringstone is a village in the North West Leicestershire district, in Leicestershire, England. About north of Coalville, it lies in the English National Forest. Until 1875, Thringstone had been a township within the ancient parish of Wh ...

Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warw ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

* St Michael's School, Soni (in the

Usambara Mountains The Usambara Mountains of northeastern Tanzania in tropical East Africa, comprise the easternmost ranges of the Eastern Arc Mountains. The ranges are approximately long and about half that wide, and they are situated in the Lushoto District ...

), Tanzania

People

The elected provost-generals, since Rosmini's death were : Giambattista Pagani, who succeeded in 1855, : Bertetti (1860), : Cappa (1874), : Lanzoni (1877), : Bernardino Balsari (1901) : Giuseppe Bozzetti (1935) : Giovanni Gaddo (1956) : Giambattista Zantedeschi (1989) : James Flynn, an Irish priest (1997). Other members of the order include: : Aloysius Gentili (1801-1848), missionary in England and Ireland; :

Vincenzo de Vit Vincenzo de Vit (b. Mestrina, near Padua, 10 July 1810; d. Domodossola, 18 August 1892) was an Italian Latin scholar and historian of Ancient Rome. Biography He made his studies at Padua, was ordained priest in 1836, in 1844 became librarian o ...

(1810-1892), known principally for two works of vast labour and research, the ''Lexicon totius Latinitatis'', a new and greatly enlarged edition of Forcellini, and the ''Onomasticon'', a dictionary of proper names; : Paolo Perez, formerly professor at

Padua Padua ( ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 20 ...

, and master of a singularly delicate Italian style; : Lorenzo Gastaldi (1815-1883), bishop of

Saluzzo Saluzzo (; ) is a town and former principality in the province of Cuneo, in the Piedmont region, Italy. The city of Saluzzo is built on a hill overlooking a vast, well-cultivated plain. Iron, lead, silver, marble, slate etc. are found in the su ...

Archbishop of Turin The Archdiocese of Turin () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in Italy.

; :

Peter Hutton Peter Hutton may refer to: * Peter Hutton (filmmaker) Peter Barrington Hutton (August 24, 1944 – June 25, 2016) was an American experimental film, experimental filmmaker, known primarily for his silent cinematic portraits of cities and landscape ...

, headmaster of Ratcliffe : William Lockhart (1820–1892), an English convert : Francisco Cardozo Ayres (1821-1870), Bishop of

Pernambuco Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, ...

(Suriname), who died at Rome during the

First Vatican Council The First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the First Vatican Council or Vatican I, was the 20th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, held three centuries after the preceding Council of Trent which was adjourned in 156 ...

, and whose incorrupt body was transported with great veneration to his see; : Giuseppe Calza (1821-1898), philosopher; : Richard Richardson, organizer of a temperance campaign who enrolled 70,000 names; : Joseph Hirst, member of the

Royal Archaeological Institute The Royal Archaeological Institute (RAI) is a learned society, established in 1844, with interests in all aspects of the archaeological, architectural and landscape history of the British Isles. Membership is open to all with an interest in thes ...

; : Clemente Rebora (1885-1957), poet; : Eugene Arthurs (1916-1978), Irishman, first bishop of Tanga (

); :

Antonio Riboldi Antonio Riboldi, I.C. (16 January 1923 – 10 December 2017) was an Italian Prelate of Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, larges ...

(1923- ), Rebora's pupil, Bishop emeritus of

Acerra Acerra () is a town and ''comune'' of Campania, southern Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Naples, about northeast of the capital in Naples. It is part of the Agro Acerrano plain. History Acerra is one of the most ancient cities of the regi ...

References

External links

Rosminians
official site
Rosminian Fathers; Institute of Charity
new site
"Why didn’t the Rosminian order tell us the truth about Fr Kit?" ''Catholic Herald'' Monday, 20 June 2011

Have the Rosminians learned nothing?
{{Authority control Religious organizations established in 1828 Catholic orders and societies 1828 establishments in the Austrian Empire