''Roseolovirus suidbeta2'', also known as ''Suid betaherpesvirus 2'' (SuHV-2) is a virus of the family ''

Herpesviridae ''Orthoherpesviridae'', previously named and more widely known as ''Herpesviridae'', is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are commonly known as herp ...

''. It causes a

viral disease A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. Examples include the common cold, gastroenteritis, COVID-19, ...

that is infectious to pigs.

Pathology

The disease is known as Inclusion body rhinitis (IBR), or cytomegalic inclusion disease It is not

zoonotic A zoonosis (; plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a virus, bacterium, parasite, fungi, or prion) that can jump from a non-human vertebrate to a human. When h ...

, but the risk to humans that receive pig organ transplants is currently under investigation. It is a

notifiable disease A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities. The collation of information allows the authorities to monitor the disease, and provides early warning of possible outbreaks. In the case of lives ...

that is found worldwide. It is spread both vertically and horizontally and prevalence is high.

Clinical signs

Clinical signs are normally only seen in either piglets less than 3 weeks old or pregnant sows. Signs in piglets include

rhinitis Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritant ...

pneumonia Pneumonia is an Inflammation, inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of Cough#Classification, productive or dry cough, ches ...

anaemia Anemia (also spelt anaemia in British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin availab ...

fever Fever or pyrexia in humans is a symptom of an anti-infection defense mechanism that appears with Human body temperature, body temperature exceeding the normal range caused by an increase in the body's temperature Human body temperature#Fever, s ...

and sudden death. Black discoloration around the eyes is often seen and gastrointestinal and neurological signs are also reported. Signs in pregnant sows include reproductive failure, genital

ulcer An ulcer is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes normal function of the affected organ. According to Robbins's pathology, "ulcer is the breach of the continuity of skin, epithelium or mucous membrane caused by sloughin ...

ation and

agalactia In breastfeeding women, low milk supply, also known as lactation insufficiency, insufficient milk syndrome, agalactia, agalactorrhea, hypogalactia or hypogalactorrhea, is the production of breast milk in daily volumes that do not fully meet the nu ...

Diagnosis

A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on the history and clinical signs. Definitive diagnosis is achieved by

direct Direct may refer to: Mathematics * Directed set, in order theory * Direct limit of (pre), sheaves * Direct sum of modules, a construction in abstract algebra which combines several vector spaces Computing * Direct access (disambiguation), ...

or indirect fluorescent-antibody testing (FAT), PCR,

post mortem An autopsy (also referred to as post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death; ...

(signs include

petechia A petechia (; : petechiae) is a small red or purple spot ( 1 cm in diameter) and purpura (3 to 10 mm in diameter). The term is typically used in the plural (petechiae), since a single petechia is seldom noticed or significant. Causes Physical t ...

and

pulmonary congestion The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in many animals, including humans. In mammals and most other tetrapods, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory syste ...

histopathology Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: 'tissue', 'suffering', and '' -logia'' 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Specifically, in clinical medicine, histopatholog ...

electron microscopy An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. It uses electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope to control the electron beam, for instance focusing i ...

Treatment and control

Often no treatment is required. However, as ''Suid betaherpesvirus 2'' is a member of ''

'' it remains latent and sheds at times of stress. Therefore, husbandry measures to minimise stress levels should be in place.

References

External links

* ''Inclusion body rhinitis'', reviewed and published by Wikivet at http://en.wikivet.net/Inclusion_Body_Rhinitis, Retrieved 8 September 2011. * ''Inclusion body rhinitis'', at https://www.pigprogress.net/topic/inclusion-body-rhinitis/, Retrieved 5 November 2023 {{Taxonbar, from=Q6014884, from2=Q18965187, from3=Q24808743 Swine diseases Viral respiratory tract infections Betaherpesvirinae