Roncalese (in Basque: ''erronkariera'', in Roncalese dialect: ''Erronkariko uskara'') is an extinct
Basque dialect once spoken in the
Roncal Valley
The Roncal Valley ( eu, Erronkaribar, label=Standard Basque, es, Valle de Roncal) is a valley and mancomunidad in the very east of Navarre, bordering the autonomous community of Aragon to the East and France to the north. It is part of the Meri ...
in
Navarre
Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...
,
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
. It is a subdialect of
Eastern Navarrese in the classification of
Koldo Zuazo
Koldo Zuazo (Eibar, Gipuzkoa, 1956) is a Basque linguist, professor at the University of the Basque Country and specialist in Basque language dialectology and sociolinguistics.
The dialects of the Basque language
Since 1998, Zuazo's work on ...
. It had been classified as a subdialect of
Souletin
Souletin or Zuberoan ( eu, Zuberera) is the Basque dialect spoken in Soule, France. Souletin is marked by influences from Occitan (in particular the Béarnese dialect), especially in the lexicon. Another distinct characteristic is the use of ...
(otherwise spoken in the province of
Soule
Soule (Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Occitan: ''Sola'') is a former viscounty and French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département''. It is divided into two cantons of the arrondi ...
in France) in the 19th-century classification of
Louis Lucien Bonaparte
Louis Lucien Bonaparte (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French philologist. The third son of Napoleon's second surviving brother, Lucien Bonaparte, he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief political ...
, and as a separate dialect in the early-20th-century classification of
Resurrección María de Azkue
Resurrección María de Azkue (5 August 1864 – 9 November 1951) was an influential Basque priest, musician, poet, writer, sailor and academic.Etxegoien, J. ''Orhipean, Gure Herria ezagutzen'' Xamar: 1996 He made several major contributions t ...
.
The last speaker of the Roncalese, Fidela Bernat, died in 1991.
Roncalese preserves historical nasals which have been lost from other dialects, a fact which has proven valuable in discrediting the
''aizkora'' theory (that Basque vocabulary is continuous from the Stone Age).
Text
See also
*
Basque dialects
Basque dialects are linguistic varieties of the Basque language which differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar from each other and from Standard Basque. Between six and nine Basque dialects have been historically distinguished:
* Biscay ...
References
{{Reflist
External links
Roncalese recordings ''Nafarroako Euskararen Mediateka'', Euskarabidea, Government of Navarre.
Basque dialects
Navarre culture
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