Ronald Colman

Ronald Charles Colman (9 February 1891 – 19 May 1958) was an English-born actor who started his career in theatre and silent film in his native country, then emigrated to the United States where he had a highly successful Hollywood film career. He starred in silent films and successfully transitioned to sound, aided by a distinctive, pleasing voice. He was most popular during the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. He received Oscar nominations for '' Bulldog Drummond'' (1929), '' Condemned'' (1929) and '' Random Harvest'' (1942). Colman starred in several classic films, including ''A Tale of Two Cities'' (1935), '' Lost Horizon'' (1937) and '' The Prisoner of Zenda'' (1937). He also played the starring role in the Technicolor classic '' Kismet'' (1944), with Marlene Dietrich. In 1947, he won an Academy Award for Best Actor and Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film '' A Double Life''.

Colman was an inaugural recipient of a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in motion pictures. He was awarded a second star for his television work.

Early years

Ronald Charles Colman was born in Richmond, Surrey, England, the third son (his eldest brother died in infancy in 1882) and fifth child of Charles Colman, a silk merchant and mantle manufacturer, and his wife Marjory Read Fraser.Frank, Sam (1997). ''Ronald Colman: A Bio-Bibliography''. Greenwood Press. p. 1; His surviving siblings were Gladys, Edith, Eric and Freda. He was a cousin of the Labour politician Grace Colman.

He attended Hadleigh House School
/span> in Littlehampton where he discovered that he enjoyed acting, despite his shyness."Shelley Winters." Britannica Book of the Year, 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 16 September 2013 Later he was educated at Rolandseck School in Ealing under the German-born headmaster Ernst Felix Marx (1858–1942). He intended to study engineering at Cambridge, but his father's sudden death from pneumonia in 1907 made it financially impossible.

First World War

While working as a clerk with Watts, Watts & Co., Ltd. (managers of the Britain Steamship Company) in the City of London, Colman joined the London Scottish Regiment in 1909 for four years. At the outbreak of the First World War, he quit his job the next day and rejoined his regiment. He was Private No. 2148 with the 1/14th (County of London) Battalion of the London Regiment (London Scottish).

On 15 September 1914, the battalion embarked at Southampton in the SS ''Winifred'' and arrived the next day at Le Havre. Six weeks later, the London Scottish were driven to Ypres to reinforce the front. At Ypres on 30 October, Colman was said to have "had the decidedly unpleasant experience of being buried alive by the explosion of a shell", but was dug out unharmed. Later that day, the battalion was moved to Wytschaete, where it engaged in the Battle of Messines on the next day. Colman was seriously wounded in the ankle, which gave him a limp that he sought to hide throughout his acting career: "Disability. Fracture of Ankle (Rt.) In action near Ypres 31-10-14. Man states that when advancing a shell burst near him, and he was thrown heavily injuring his right foot either by the fall or his foot being struck. There is considerable thickening of Rt. ankle. There is also some tenderness and after walking any distance there is pain and lameness." He was treated at the field ambulance and was transferred to England the next day. Colman was admitted to St. Bartholomew’s Hospital in London, where he stayed from 6 to 11 November. Having sufficiently recovered, he was transferred to the 3/14 Battalion of the London Scottish and was sent to Perth, where he did light clerical duty and lived at Strathview (No. 75–77), Muirton Place. About half a year later, on 6 May 1915, he was declared "No longer fit physically for war service" and discharged.

His military character was given as "Very good. Honest, sober and trustworthy." Colman was awarded a pension as well as the Victory Medal, the British War Medal, the 1914 Star with clasps and roses and the Silver War Badge. In 1928 he was made an honorary life member of the London Scottish.

Fellow Hollywood actors Claude Rains, Herbert Marshall, Cedric Hardwicke, and Basil Rathbone all saw service with the London Scottish in the war.

Career

Concert parties and amateur stage

About the same time when he joined the London Scottish, Colman took to the stage and soon established himself as a member of the performing community in Ealing. Between 1909 and 1914, he appeared solo and with various concert parties and amateur dramatics groups. He began with banjo solos at benefit concerts and two years later joined the short-lived Pierrot troupes The Tangerines and The Summer 'Uns, who only had one performance. In 1912, while on the Isle of Wight, he and some friends formed The Mad Medicos, who performed under his direction. A part of this troupe then became The Popinjays, again under Colman’s direction, until George Denby (c. 1889-1951) took over. Besides banjo solos and duets, Colman's repertoire included songs and duets like "Two Little Sausages" ( Lionel Monckton) and musical monologues, recitals of poems like '' The Green Eye of the Little Yellow God'', funny stories and above all character sketches from Dickens such as Uriah Heep, John Brodie and Martin Chuzzlewit. At "An Evening With Dickens", he played Charles Darnay in three scenes from ''A Tale of Two Cities''. He also staged three pieces of his own: the duologues "My Pierrot" and "A Knotty Problem" and the miniature revue "Come Inside". When Colman rejoined the Popinjays in July 1916 for performances at the Pavilion in Derby, between theatre engagements, there was a marked change in his repertoire: The character sketch was now of a Chelsea Pensioner, and he recited ''Spotty, a Tale of the Trenches''.

Besides these performances, Colman also appeared on the amateur stage. He made his debut as Freddy Fitzfoodle in ''Rich Miss Rustle'' at Victoria Hall, Ealing, on 11 November 1909. In 1910 followed the one-act plays ''Barbara'' and ''Lights Out'' and ''Spoiling the Broth''. In October and November of the same year, he sang and danced as Bill Bobstay in ''H.M.S. Pinafore'' with the West Middlesex Operatic Society. In 1911 he appeared in the farcical comed
''Jane''
and in the next year as Samson Quayle in ''A Tight Corner''. Around this time Colman joined the Bancroft Dramatic Club, which had been founded in 1892 by Sir Squire Bancroft and performed mainly at the King’s Hall Theatre on the premises of the National Sporting Club in Covent Garden. Among its vice presidents were actors like George Alexander, Johnston Forbes-Robertson and Ellen Terry. With the Bancroft D. C., Colman appeared in six plays between 1911 and 1914: ''The Admirable Crichton'', ''Priscilla Runs Away'', ''The Dancing Girl'', ''The Passing of the Third Floor Back'', ''Fanny’s First Play'', and ''Sowing the Wind''. He also performed in ''Mr. Steinman’s Corner'' and as Douglas Cattermole in ''The Private Secretary'' with Vivian Parrott’s Amateur Dramatic Society.

Theatre

Colman had sufficiently recovered from his wartime injuries to appear at the London Coliseum on 19 June 1916 as Rahmat Sheikh i
''The Maharani of Arakan''
with Lena Ashwell, at the Playhouse in December that year as Stephen Weatherbee in the Charles Goddard/ Paul Dickey play ''The Misleading Lady'', and at the Court Theatre in March 1917 as Webber in ''Partnership''. At the same theatre, the following year he appeared in Eugène Brieux's '' Damaged Goods''. At the Ambassadors Theatre in February 1918, he played George Lubin in '' The Little Brother''. In 1918, he toured the UK as David Goldsmith in ''The Bubble'' and as Wilfred Carpenter in ''The Live Wire''.

In 1920, Colman went to America and toured with Robert Warwick in ''The Dauntless Three'' and subsequently toured with Fay Bainter in ''East Is West''. He married his first wife, Thelma Raye, in 1920; they divorced in 1934. At the Booth Theatre in New York City in January 1921, he played the Temple Priest in William Archer's play '' The Green Goddess''. With George Arliss at the 39th Street Theatre in August 1921, he appeared as Charles in ''The Nightcap''. In September 1922, he had great success as Alain Sergyll at the Empire Theatre in New York City in ''La Tendresse'', which was to be his final stage work.

Film

Colman had first appeared in films in Britain in 1917 and 1919 for director Cecil Hepworth. He subsequently acted for the old Broadwest Film Company in '' Snow in the Desert''. While he was on stage in New York City in ''La Tendresse'', director Henry King saw him and engaged him as the leading man in the 1923 film '' The White Sister'', opposite Lillian Gish. He was an immediate success. Thereafter, Colman virtually abandoned the stage for film.

He became a very popular silent film star in both romantic and adventure films, among them '' The Dark Angel'' (1925), '' Stella Dallas'' (1926), ''Beau Geste'' (1926), and '' The Winning of Barbara Worth'' (1926). His dark hair and eyes and his athletic and riding ability (he did most of his own stunts until late in his career) led reviewers to describe him as a " Valentino type". He was often cast in similar, exotic roles. Towards the end of the silent era, Colman was teamed with Hungarian actress Vilma Bánky under Samuel Goldwyn; the two were a popular film team, rivalling Greta Garbo and John Gilbert.

Although he was a huge success in silent films, he was unable to capitalise on one of his chief assets until the advent of the talking picture – "his beautifully modulated and cultured voice" also described as "a bewitching, finely modulated, resonant voice". Colman was often viewed as a suave English gentleman, whose voice embodied chivalry and mirrored the image of a "stereotypical English gentleman". Commenting on Colman's appeal, English film critic David Shipman stated that he was "the dream lover – calm, dignified, trustworthy. Although he was a lithe figure in adventure stories, his glamour – which was genuine – came from his respectability; he was an aristocratic figure, without being aloof."

His first major talkie success was in 1930, when he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performances in '' Condemned'' and '' Bulldog Drummond''. He thereafter appeared in a number of notable films: '' Raffles'' in 1930, ''Clive of India'' and ''A Tale of Two Cities'' in 1935, '' Under Two Flags'' in 1936, '' The Prisoner of Zenda'' and '' Lost Horizon'' in 1937, ''If I Were King'' in 1938, and '' Random Harvest'' and '' The Talk of the Town'' in 1942. He won the Best Actor Oscar in 1948 for '' A Double Life''. He next starred in a screwball comedy, 1950's ''Champagne for Caesar''.

At the time of his death, Colman was contracted by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for the lead role in '' Village of the Damned''. After Colman's death, however, the film transferred production from MGM Studios in Culver City, California to MGM-British Studios in Borehamwood, England. George Sanders, who married Colman's widow, Benita Hume, was cast in the role intended for Colman.

Fame

Colman has been mentioned in many novels, but he is specifically mentioned in Ralph Ellison's '' Invisible Man'' because of his charming, well-known voice. The main character of this novel says that he wishes he could have a voice like Colman's because it is charming, and relates the voice to that of a gentleman or a man from ''Esquire'' magazine. Colman was indeed very well known for his voice. ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' says that Colman had a "resonant, mellifluous speaking voice with a unique, pleasing timbre". Along with his charming voice, Colman had a very confident performing manner that helped make him a major star of sound films.

Radio and television

As early as 1942, Colman joined forces with several other Hollywood luminaries to inaugurate international broadcasts by the CBS radio network over La Cadena de las Americas (The Network of the Americas) under the supervision of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs chaired by Nelson Rockefeller. In the process, he contributed substantially to the implementation of President Franklin Roosevelt's cultural diplomacy initiatives throughout South America during World War II.

Colman's vocal talents contributed to National Broadcasting Company programming on D-Day, 6 June 1944. On that day, Colman read "Poem and Prayer for an Invading Army", written by Edna St. Vincent Millay for exclusive radio use by NBC.

Beginning in 1945, Colman made many guest appearances on ''The Jack Benny Program'' on radio, alongside his second wife, stage and screen actress Benita Hume, whom he married in 1938. Their comedy work as Benny's perpetually exasperated next-door neighbors led to their own radio comedy, '' The Halls of Ivy'' from 1950 to 1952, created by '' Fibber McGee & Molly'' mastermind Don Quinn, on which the Colmans played the literate, charming president of a middle American college and his former-actress wife. Listeners were surprised to discover that the episode of 24 January 1951, "The Goya Bequest" – a story examining the bequest of a Goya painting that was suspected of being a fraud hyped by its late owner to avoid paying customs duties when bringing it to the United States – was written by Colman himself, who poked fun at his accomplishment while taking a rare turn giving the evening's credits at the show's conclusion. ''The Halls of Ivy'' ran on NBC radio from 1950 to 1952; an adaptation of the same name was on CBS television for the 1954–55 season.

Colman was also the host and occasional star of the syndicated anthology '' Favorite Story'' (1946–49). Of note was his narration and portrayal of Scrooge in a 1948 adaptation of ''A Christmas Carol''.

Death

In 1957, Colman had surgery for a lung infection, and suffered from ill health afterwards. He was hospitalized and died on 19 May 1958, aged 67, from acute emphysema in Santa Barbara, California, and was interred in the Santa Barbara Cemetery. He had a daughter, Juliet Benita (born 1944), with his second wife, Benita Hume.

Awards, honours and legacy

Colman was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actor. At the 3rd Academy Awards ceremony he received a single nomination for his work in two films; ''Bulldog Drummond'' (1929) and ''Condemned'' (1929). He was nominated again for ''Random Harvest'' (1942), before winning for ''A Double Life'' (1947), in which he played the role of Anthony John, an actor playing Othello who comes to identify with the character. He also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1947 for ''A Double Life''. In 2002, Colman's Oscar statuette was sold at auction by Christie's for US$174,500.

Colman was a recipient of the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film.

Colman has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Los Angeles, one for motion pictures at 6801 Hollywood Boulevard and one for television at 1623 Vine Street.

He is the subject of a biography written by his daughter Juliet Benita Colman in 1975: ''Ronald Colman: A Very Private Person''.

The Dublin slang term "ronnie", referring to a moustache, derives from Colman's thin moustache.

Filmography

See also

* List of actors with Academy Award nominations

Writing

When asked what his choice would be if he had to take up another profession, Colman answered: "Writing." As a young entertainer, he had written three short pieces for the stage (see above) and also several articles that were published in magazines. In 1922, when he was looking for work in New York, he wrote a script called "The Amazing Experiment". After his arrival in Hollywood, Samuel Goldwyn asked him to contribute a number of autobiographical pieces for the publicity department. Later, in 1951, he wrote two episodes for the radio sho
''The Halls of Ivy''
"The Goya Bequest" and "Halloween". In the next year, he adapted "The Lost Silk Hat" with Milton Merlin from a story by Lord Dunsany for the television show ''Four Star Playhouse''. However, despite tempting offers, Colman never wrote his memoirs.

The Story of My Life
, ''Motion Picture Magazine'', Vol. 29, No. 2, March 1925, pp. 32, 94–95.
*"How We Live in Hollywood", ''The Graphic'', 11 June 1927, pp. 438, 462.
"All Men Want To Be Gallants"
''The Night of Love'' (United Artists Pressbook), 1927.
*"A Londoner in Hollywood - Girls I Make Love To", ''The Evening News'', 19 March 1928, p. 13.
*"A Londoner in Hollywood II. - How Success Comes In Screenland." ''The Evening News'', 23 March 1928, p. 13.
*"My Reminiscences", ''The Sunday Express'', 15 April 1928, p. 11.
*"Ronald Colman Bares The Souls Of The Film Queens". ''The Sunday Express'', 22 April 1928, p. 11.
*"The Truth About Valentino". ''The Sunday Express'', 29 April 1928, p. 11.
*"Facing Death To Make A Film Thrill". ''The Sunday Express'', 6 May 1928, p. 11
*"Hollywood By Night". ''The Sunday Express'', 13 May 1928, p. 10.
*"Queer Women". ''The Sunday Express'', 20 May 1928, p. 11.
"War Wound That Led to Hollywood"
''Sunday Mercury'', Birmingham, 9 December 1928, p. 4.
*Foreword. ''The Romance of the Talkies'', by Garry Allighan. London: C. Stacey, 1929, p. ix.
"Ronald Colman, Clerk!"
''The Meriden Daily Journal'', 27 August 1931, p. 6.
"The Way I See It"
''Photoplay'', September 1931, pp. 65, 94–95.
*"Ronald Colman Reveals Secrets of Successful Screen Acting", ''Daily Mirror'', 26 November 1931, p. 8.
*"Stage and Film Acting", ''Blyth News'', 14 December 1931, p. 5.
*"My World-Wide Travels. Impressions of Shanghai and Vienna". ''Daily Mirror'', 24 March 1932, p. 17.
*"My Own Story", ''Film Pictorial Annual'', 9 and 16 April 1932.
"I Was Broke"
''The World Film Encyclopedia'', ed. Clarence Winchester, London: The Amalgamated Press Ltd., 1933, pp. 218–219.
*"Ronald Colman says Perseverance and Good Luck are needed in climbing the ladder of fame", ''Irish Independent'', 25 November 1933, p. 19.
*"The new Loretta Young", ''Film Weekly'', 22 March 1935.
"Blown to Film Fame"
''Escabana Daily Press'', 13 September 1935, p. 2.
*"The Climax of my Careeer", ''Picturegoer'', 8 February 1936, 16.
"Living Up to Myths"
''The Atlanta Constitution'' (Screen and Radio Weekly section), vol. 68, issue 277, 15 March 1936, p. 3.
"My Life – Such as it Is!"
''Table Talk'', July 29, 1937, pp. 19–20.
*"What the Oscar means to me", ''Motion Picture'', July 1948, p. 40.
"My Favorite Story"
''Toledo Blade'', 19 September 1950.
*Foreword
"Dear hearts and gentle people"
''Who’s Who in TV & Radio'', vol. 2, no. 1, 1952, p. 77.
*"Personal Magnetism", ''The Hollywood Reporter'', 14 November 1955.

Notes

:1Charles Colman was the eldest son of Frederick Charles Colman (1821-1901) and Susannah Bonner (1825-1912). In 1880 he joined his father’s firm Selincourt, Colman and Son which had been founded in 1857. The firm traded in silk and also produced coats, fur garments and dresses in a factory near Vauxhall Bridge in Pimlico. They employed nearly six hundred women and girls and supplied large stores like Harvey Nichols. Colman sen. left the firm in 1885, and in 1891 the partnership between Charles Colman and Charles Alexandre de Sélincourt (1835-1900) was dissolved by mutual consent. Together with William Edward Faraker und Frederick Brice Martin, Colman now set up his own firm, Messrs. Charles Colman and Co., Ltd., silk merchants and mantle manufacturers, and in 1896 again the partnership was dissolved. The next year he merged with the firm of Williams, Cazaly and Co. to form the new company Charles Colman and Cazaly, Ltd. After a bankruptcy in 1899, which was averted, the firm was liquidated in 1904. Privately Charles Colman was Secretary of the Kew Gardens Public Rights Defence Association and in 1890 he was Secretary of the committee which organised the London Philatelic Exhibition 1890. In 1906 he sold his valuable stamp collection, which included a Twelve Penny Black, for nearly £2000 (today about £160,000).Phillips, Charles J., ''Fifty Years of Philately. The History of Stanley Gibbons, Ltd.'', London 1906, p. 49. He was also a keen horticulturalist and cyclist.

References

Bibliography

* Colman, Juliet Benita
''Ronald Colman. A Very Private Person''
New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1975.

* Fowler, Simon, Spencer, William, Tamblin, Stuart. ''Army Service Records of the First World War (Public Record Office Readers Guide No. 19)''. London: PRO Publications, 1997

* Parker, John, editor, ''Who's Who in the Theatre'', 10th edition revised, London, 1947, p. 437.

* Rollyson, Carl. ''Ronald Colman: Hollywood's Gentleman Hero''. Orlando, Florida: BearManor Media, 2024 ISBN 979-8887714370

* Steele, Joseph Henry
"A ''"Steele-Point"'' Etching of Ronald Colman"
''Movie Classic'' Vol. 11, No. 6, February 1937, p. 16, 94–95.

External links

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Ronald Colman
at Virtual History
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Colman, Ronald
1891 births
1958 deaths
Military personnel from Surrey
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
British Army personnel of World War I
English male film actors
English male silent film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Actors from the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
London Scottish soldiers
20th-century English male actors
Deaths from emphysema
Deaths from lung disease
English expatriate male actors in the United States
Burials at Santa Barbara Cemetery
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Richmond, London
Male actors from Surrey