Romero's Dead Series

''Night of the Living Dead'' is a zombie horror media franchise created by George A. Romero beginning with the 1968 film ''Night of the Living Dead'', directed by Romero and cowritten with John A. Russo. The franchise predominantly centers on different groups of people attempting to survive during the outbreak and evolution of a zombie apocalypse. The latest installment of the series, '' Survival of the Dead'', was released in 2009, with a sequel, ''Twilight of the Dead'', in development. This would be the first film in the series not directed by George Romero, who died on July 16, 2017.

Background

After ''Night of the Living Dead''s initial success, the two creators split in disagreement regarding where the series should head, and since the film was in the public domain, each were able to do what they liked with the continuity of their projects. Romero went on to direct five additional ''Dead'' films, while Russo branched into literary territory, writing ''Return of the Living Dead'', which was later loosely adapted into a film of the same name and would have its own franchise, and '' Escape of the Living Dead''.

Labeled "''Trilogy of the Dead''" until '' Land of the Dead'', each film is laden with social commentary on topics ranging from racism to consumerism. The films are not produced as direct follow-ups from one another and their only continuation is the theme of the epidemic of the living dead. This situation advances with each film, showing the world in a worsening state, but each film is independent of its predecessor. This is exemplified by each movie being set within the era it is filmed, with ''Land of the Dead'' being set in modern times with 2005 technology including game consoles, flatscreen televisions and cell phones. The fifth film does not continue the depiction of progress, but shows events at the beginning of a zombie outbreak, similar to the first film. The films portray how different people react to the same phenomenon, ranging from citizens to police to army officials and to citizens again. Each takes place in a world worsened since its previous appearance, the number of zombies ever increasing and the living perpetually endangered, but with each entry being a standalone film that is not directly continuing global events from the previous.

Romero does not consider any of his ''Dead'' films sequels since none of the major characters or story continue from one film to the next. The two exceptions are Tom Savini's character of Blades who becomes a zombie in ''Dawn of the Dead'' who would be seen again years later in ''Land of the Dead'' and the military officer ( Alan van Sprang) who robs the main characters in '' Diary of the Dead'' and goes on to become a protagonist in ''Survival of the Dead''.

Films

''Night of the Living Dead'' (1968)

The plot of the film follows Ben ( Duane Jones), Barbra Cole (Judith O'Dea), and five others, who are trapped in a rural farmhouse in Pennsylvania and attempt to survive the night while the house is being attacked by mysteriously reanimated corpses, known as ghouls or zombies.

''Dawn of the Dead'' (1978)

Following the scenario set up in ''Night of the Living Dead'', the United States (and possibly the entire world) has been devastated by a phenomenon which reanimates recently deceased human beings as flesh-eating zombies. Despite efforts by the US Government and local civil authorities to control the situation, society has effectively collapsed and the remaining survivors seek refuge. Protagonists Roger ( Scott Reiniger) and Peter ( Ken Foree), two former SWAT members, join with Stephen ( David Emge) and Francine ( Gaylen Ross), a helicopter pilot and his girlfriend planning on leaving the city, and take refuge in an enclosed shopping-mall.

''Day of the Dead'' (1985)

In the far future, zombies have overrun the world, and an underground army missile bunker near the Everglades holds part of a military-supported scientific team assigned to study the zombie phenomenon in the hopes of finding a way of stopping or reversing the process. Dwindling supplies, loss of communication with other survivor enclaves, and an apparent lack of progress in the experiments have already caused loss of cohesion among the scientists and soldiers. Dr. Logan ( Richard Liberty), the lead scientist on the project, has been secretly using the recently deceased soldiers in his experiments, trying to prove his theory that the zombies can eventually be domesticated.

''Land of the Dead'' (2005)

Many of the living have fled to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where a feudal-like government has taken hold. Paul Kaufman (Dennis Hopper) rules the city with overwhelming firepower. "Big Daddy" ( Eugene Clark), an unusually intelligent zombie, directs his fellow zombies to use firearms against the human defenses, and later leads the zombies in an assault on the human city, with the result that the electric fence that kept the zombies out now keeps the humans trapped inside.

''Diary of the Dead'' (2007)

Taking place during the initial outbreak of a zombie pandemic, ''Diary of the Dead'' follows a band of film students making a horror movie who decide to record the events in documentary-style as they are chased down by zombies.

''Survival of the Dead'' (2009)

Taking place shortly after the events of ''Diary of the Dead'', the film follows the actions of former Colonel and current Sergeant "Nicotine" Crockett (Alan van Sprang). After a failed raid, Crockett deserts his post with fellow soldiers Kenny (Eric Woolfe), Francisco (Stefano Colacitti), and Tomboy (Athena Karkanis). The group encounters an island run by two families who are feuding over whether zombies should be kept alive or killed.

''Twilight of the Dead'' (TBA)

Following the release of '' Diary of the Dead'' (2007) and '' Survival of the Dead'' (2009), ''Twilight of the Dead'' was conceived by George A. Romero as the concluding instalment to his ''Living Dead'' zombie film series. Romero did not regard ''Diary'' and ''Survival'' as part of the overarching narrative from ''Night of the Living Dead'' (1968), '' Dawn of the Dead'' (1978), ''Day of the Dead'' (1985) and '' Land of the Dead'' (2005), and saw the fate of the zombies following ''Land of the Dead'' as an unresolved narrative element.  Romero co-wrote a film treatment for the film with screenwriter Paolo Zelati, which was to be set on a tropical island in a decimated world where life has all but disappeared, and follow the last humans on Earth who are caught between factions of the undead, but Romero died from lung cancer in 2017.

In 2021, Romero’s widow Suzanne Romero revived the project and oversaw the completion of the screenplay, with screenwriters Joe Knetter and Robert L. Lucas joining Zelati to finish the script. The writers watched archive videos of George A. Romero coming up with the original treatment as reference when creating the script. Suzanne Romero remained closely involved throughout the development process to ensure the film aligned with her late husband's vision, and sought to maintain the social commentary elements his previous ''Living Dead'' films were known for. Suzanne told ''The Hollywood Reporter'', "This is the film he wanted to make. And while someone else will carry the torch as the director, it is very much a George A. Romero film."

'' The Machinist'' (2004) director Brad Anderson joined the project as director in 2023, describing Romero’s original films as a major influence on his work and expressing a desire for ''Twilight of the Dead'' to continue the series’ blend of horror with social commentary and humanistic themes. ''Twilight of the Dead'' is produced by Suzanne Romero, John Baldecchi, Sarah Donnelly, Paolo Zelati, and Stephanie Caleb of Ardvella Entertainment. Executive producers include Dominic Ianno, Alex Dundas, Jason Resnick, Chris Roe, and Luis Riefkohl.

In November of 2024, Betty Gabriel and Milla Jovovich were announced to have been cast win the lead roles. Meanwhile, frequent Romero collaborators Greg Nicotero and his KNB EFX Group, who began their careers with Romero's ''Day of the Dead'' (1985), were announced to lead the prosthetic makeup effects. By the end of 2023 the script was completed, and the George A. Romero estate partnered with Los Angeles based financier-producer Roundtable Entertainment, with a planned late 2023 start date in Puerto Rico, however production was delayed by the 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike. Production was then set to begin in March of 2025.

Remakes and spin-offs

* ''Night of the Living Dead'', the 1990 remake of the original film penned by Romero and directed by ''Dawn of the Dead'' and ''Day of the Dead'' effects artist Tom Savini.
* '' Dawn of the Dead'', the 2004 remake of the 1978 original, penned by James Gunn and directed by Zack Snyder.
* ''Day of the Dead'', the 2008 remake of the 1985 original, penned by Jeffrey Reddick and directed by Steve Miner.
* ''Toe Tags Featuring George Romero'' (DC Comics), the 2004 comic book series by Romero about college workers investigating the cause of the zombie pandemic, adapted from one of his unused screenplays.
* '' Empire of the Dead'' (Marvel Comics), the 2013 comic book series written by Romero featuring the living dead and vampires in New York City.
* ''Road of the Dead: Highway to Hell'' (IDW Publishing), the 2019 comic book prequel to the film ''Road of the Dead'', written by Jonathan Maberry.
* '' The Living Dead'' (Tor Books), the 2020 epic novel co-written by Romero and finished posthumously by Daniel Kraus, spanning 15 years of the zombie outbreak. Kraus used various notes and manuscripts from Romero to finish the project, adding that "The movies came out in a completely random order as far as timeline. If you ignore the decade shifts, as he did...the timeline is, and I have this memorized now: ''Night of the Living Dead'', ''Diary of the Dead'', ''Survival of the Dead'', ''Dawn of the Dead'', ''Land of the Dead'', and ''Day of the Dead''. He'd only gone five years into the future. There's a lot of untrod ground that is not handled cinematically"; "When the book goes fifteen years into the future, the humans are down to a tiny little nub of survivors — the zombies start dying out, rotting and returning to the earth. It's grim, but a hopeful chance to rebuild society in a better way."
* ''The Rise'' ('' Heavy Metal''), the prequel comic to ''Night of the Living Dead'' written by Romero's son G. Cameron Romero, depicting the origin story of the zombie outbreak. The project was originally intended to be a film, which started as an Indiegogo funding campaign in 2014 for ''Night of the Living Dead: Origins'' and later renamed ''Rise of the Living Dead''. It is set at the height of the Cold War era, depicting a military scientist searching for a way to sustain human life in the event of a nuclear holocaust. Romero eventually scrapped the project and converted it into a comic book titled ''The Rise'', to avoid potential studio interference and trademarking disputes. Chapters are published individually in issues of ''Heavy Metal'' magazine, and later collected into a single graphic novel. The first chapter was published in ''Heavy Metal'' #302 on November 20, 2020.

Cast and crew

Cast

List indicator(s):
* A dark grey cell indicates that the character was not in the film or that the character's presence in the film has yet to be announced.
* A indicates a role as a younger version of the character.
* An indicates a role as an older version of the character.
* A indicates an uncredited role.
* A indicates a cameo role.
* A indicates a voice-only role.
* An indicates an appearance through archival footage or stills.

Crew

Reception

Critical and public response

Accolades

See also

* '' Living Dead''
* Zombie

References

External links

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Download Night of the Living Dead
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{{Living Dead

Film series introduced in 1968
Action film series
Horror film series
Works by George A. Romero
Zombie films