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architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ...
, "Romano-Gothic" is a term (rarely used in writing in English) for an
architectural style An architectural style is a classification of buildings (and nonbuilding structures) based on a set of characteristics and features, including overall appearance, arrangement of the components, method of construction, building materials used, for ...
, part of Early Gothic architecture, which evolved in Europe in the 12th century CE from the
Romanesque style Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Ro ...
, and was an early style in
Gothic architecture Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved f ...
. In England "Early English Gothic" remains the usual term. The style is characterized by rounded and pointed arches on a vertical plane. Flying buttresses were used, but are mainly undecorated. Romanesque buttresses were also used. Romano-Gothic began to use the decorative elements of Gothic architecture, but not the constructional principles of more fully Gothic buildings. However, walls did start to become thinner through the use of pointed arches and
ribbed vault A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a nave, church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs. Variations were used in Roman architecture, Byzantine architecture, Isla ...
s to distribute weight more evenly. Combining ribbed vaults and the Romanesque tradition, the cathedrals of Angers (1149–1159) and
Poitiers Poitiers is a city on the river Clain in west-central France. It is a commune in France, commune, the capital of the Vienne (department), Vienne department and the historical center of Poitou, Poitou Province. In 2021, it had a population of 9 ...
(1162) exemplify a transitional Gothic style, more austere and less well lit. Especially in Germany and the
Low Countries The Low Countries (; ), historically also known as the Netherlands (), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower Drainage basin, basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Bene ...
, the term "Romano-Gothic" is used of relatively late buildings constructed in a cautious provincial version of Gothic. The late-Romanesque style of the
Rhineland The Rhineland ( ; ; ; ) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly Middle Rhine, its middle section. It is the main industrial heartland of Germany because of its many factories, and it has historic ties to the Holy ...
has often been called "Romano-Gothic".


Groningen

In the northern provinces of the Netherlands, especially
Groningen Groningen ( , ; ; or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of ...
, many churches are built in this style. The Romano-Gothic style period is from 1250 until 1350. Typical for this style are the walls and gables of brick that are richly decorated with recesses and patterns of bricks. An early example of this group is found in Leermens, where in c. 1250 a new choir was built to a Romanesque church. In this early stage of Romano-Gothicism only round-topped arches were used. In the interior the choir has a mellon-vault, a typical property of Romano-Gothic churches. A later variant of Romano-Gothicism features pointed arches, like at this church in Stedum. Note that many arches are purely decorative. Image:Romanogotische kerk van Leermens.jpg, Outside of the Church of Leermens Image:Leermens4.jpg, Inside of the Church of Leermens Image:Stedumkerk.JPG, Outside of the Church of Stedum Image:zuidbroekkerk.JPG, Petruschurch of Zuidbroek Image:Kerk Krewerd.jpg, Mariachurch of Krewerd Image:Kerk Loppersum2.jpg, Petrus en Pauluschurch of Loppersum Image:Kerk Zeerijp3.jpg, Jacobschurch of Zeerijp Image:Romanogotische kerk van Leermens.jpg, Donatuschurch of Leermens Image:Romanogotische kerk van Termunten.jpg, Ursuschurch of Termunten Image:Romanogotische kerk van Garmerwolde.jpg, Church of Garmerwolde Image:Romanogotische kerk van Bierum.jpg, Sebastiaanchurch of Bierum Image:Romanogotische kerk van Godlinze.jpg, Pancratiuschurch of Godlinze Image:Romanogotische kloosterkerk van Ten Boer.jpg, Church of Ten Boer Image:Huizinge Church.JPG, Janschurch of Huizinge


Rhineland, Germany

The late-Romanesque style (German: Spätromanik) of the Rhineland has often been called Romano-Gothic as well. This can particularly be seen in Limburg Cathedral in Limburg an der Lahn which combines the round Roman arch and the Gothic ribbed vault, and is one of the most complete creations of Late Romanesque architecture. It was printed on the reverse of the 1,000 Deutsche Mark note from the second series, which was in circulation from 1960 to 1989. The cathedral was recently renovated and painted to reflect its original appearance. Image:Limburger Dom (Frontansicht 2).jpg, Front of Limburg Cathedral Image:Ald1 fg03.jpg, Inside of Limburg Cathedral


Other examples of a mix between Romanesque and Gothic style


Paderborn, Germany

Paderborn Cathedral is a hall church (i.e. with three naves instead of one) completed in 1270 in a transitional Romanesque-Gothic style. It is covered with a greenish copper roofing. The 93m high bell tower dates from the 12th century and is characterised by the 18 niches on each of its facade, as well as four roofed turrets at each corner. The crypt, with a length of 32 metres, is one of the largest in Germany, and contains the relics of St. Liborius.


Kołbacz, Poland

The Cistercian abbey in Kołbacz includes a Romanesque-Gothic church (1210–1347). Its one of the oldest brick churches in
Pomerania Pomerania ( ; ; ; ) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The central and eastern part belongs to the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, West Pomeranian, Pomeranian Voivod ...
.


Sandomierz, Poland

Dominican Church and Convent of St. James in Sandomierz made in the 13th century. The oldest church made by brick in Poland.


Cremona, Italy

The Cremona Baptistery (Italian: ''Battistero di Cremona'') is a religious edifice in
Cremona Cremona ( , , ; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po (river), Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city a ...
, northern
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
. It is annexed to the city's
Cathedral A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...
. Built in 1167, it is characterized by an octagonal plan, a reference to the cult of St. Ambrose of
Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...
, symbolizing the Eight Day of Resurrection and, thenceforth, the Baptism. The edifice mixes Romanesque and Lombard- Gothic styles, the latter evident in the preference for bare brickwork walls. Image:Kolbacz kosciol pocysterski.jpg, Cistercian abbey of Kołbacz Image:Cremona, battistero 01.JPG, The baptistery of Cremona


See also

*
Medieval architecture Medieval architecture was the architecture, art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque, Romanesque architecture, Romanesque, and Gothic architecture, Gothic. In ...


Gallery

File:Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Poitiers 2021 06.jpg, The interior of Poitiers Cathedral File:Alcobaça October 2021-4.jpg, The facade of Alcobaça Monastery File:Ávila, Cathedral of the Saviour 032.jpg, Inside Ávila Cathedral File:Interior detail of Poblet Monastery (49787759447).jpg, Interior of Poblet Abbey File:Interior of Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Sens-6974.jpg, Interior of Sens Cathedral


Notes


External links


Romanogothicism
in the Netherlands {{Archhistory *