Romanian Space Agency
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The Romanian Space Agency (ROSA; ) is a public institution that coordinates
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
's national
space technology Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations and orbital spaceflight, orbital launch vehicles; :Spacecraft communication, deep-space communication; :S ...
. ROSA, established in 1991, is subordinate to the Romanian
Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
. ROSA is not a representative of the Romanian Government, but ROSA establishes cooperative agreements with international organizations such as the
European Space Agency The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member International organization, international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 ...
, and the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). Along with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...
, ROSA represents Romania at the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) and at its subcommittees. In addition, the Romanian Space Agency conducts research projects through the ROSA Research Center.


History

There are several notable historical figures in the
aeronautics Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design process, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. While the term originally referred ...
from Romania, including: * Conrad Haas, Constructor of multistage rockets with delta stabilizers in 1529 (
Sibiu Sibiu ( , , , Hungarian: ''Nagyszeben'', , Transylvanian Saxon: ''Härmeschtat'' or ''Hermestatt'') is a city in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles th ...
). *
Traian Vuia Traian Vuia or Trajan Vuia (; 17 August 1872 – 3 September 1950) was a Romanian inventor and List of aviation pioneers, aviation pioneer who designed, built, and tested the first tractor configuration, tractor monoplane. He was the first to de ...
, designer and constructor of the first autonomous take-off
airplane An airplane (American English), or aeroplane (Commonwealth English), informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, Propeller (aircraft), propeller, or rocket engine. Airplanes come in a vari ...
in 1906. * Henri Coandă, designer and constructor of the first jet airplane in 1910. * Hermann Oberth, designer of space rockets, known as "father of space navigation". * Elie Carafoli, contributor in
aerodynamics Aerodynamics () is the study of the motion of atmosphere of Earth, air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an ...
and
space sciences The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science: Space science – field that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodie ...
, former president of the IAF. Romania is host to heritage companies like Airstar, Avioane Craiova,
Industria Aeronautică Română Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR) (now IAR S.A. Brașov), or Romanian Aeronautic Industry in English, is a Romanian aerospace manufacturer. It is based in Ghimbav, near Brașov, Romania. IAR was founded in 1925 with the aid of the Romanian g ...
, Romaero and Societatea Pentru Exploatări Tehnice. The country currently manufactures twenty different types of aircraft, based on a mix of domestic and international designs. The country has experience in the field of space applications, such as
satellite communications A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth. ...
,
remote sensing Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an physical object, object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation. The term is applied especially to acquiring inform ...
, geographic information systems (GIS), global information, and positioning and navigation systems. Since 1977 it has operated as an Intelsat ground station in Cheia with two 32-metre antennas. Romania has been involved in more than thirty scientific and technological space missions in the
Interkosmos Interkosmos () was a Soviet space program, designed to help the Soviet Union's allies with Human spaceflight, crewed and Uncrewed spacecraft, uncrewed space missions. The program was formed in April 1967 in Moscow. All members of the program fr ...
program, including the 1981 flight of Dorin-Dumitru Prunariu on the
Soyuz 40 The Soyuz 40 mission was a 1981 Soviet Union, Soviet human spaceflight, crewed spaceflight and the final flight of the Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft. It was a collaboration between the Soviet Union and Romania. Crew Backup crew Mission parameters *M ...
. In 1992, Romania signed a cooperation agreement with the
European Space Agency The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member International organization, international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 ...
(ESA) for the peaceful uses of outer space, followed by a Framework Agreement with ESA in 2006. Romania contributed through co-investigators to several ESA missions such as Hershel, Planck,
SOHO SoHo, short for "South of Houston Street, Houston Street", is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Since the 1970s, the neighborhood has been the location of many artists' lofts and art galleries, art installations such as The Wall ...
and
Gaia In Greek mythology, Gaia (; , a poetic form of ('), meaning 'land' or 'earth'),, , . also spelled Gaea (), is the personification of Earth. Gaia is the ancestral mother—sometimes parthenogenic—of all life. She is the mother of Uranus (S ...
. With Romania's accession to ESA on December 22, 2011, Romanian researchers in the industry now have the opportunity to participate in ESA missions. Since 2004, Marius-Ioan Piso (born January 7, 1954) has served as acting President of the agency and as executive director since 2005. He was involved in the establishment of the Romanian Space Agency in 1991. The first Romanian satellite, Goliat was launched on the first flight of European Vega launch vehicle on 13 February 2012 from
Guiana Space Centre The Guiana Space Centre (; CSG), also called Europe's Spaceport, is a spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, an Overseas departments and regions of France, overseas region of France in South America. Kourou is located approxim ...
.


Activities in the national and international programs


National programs

* Leadership of national program of CD-I AEROSPACE * Leadership of national program of CD-I SECURITY * CEEX (11 projects coordinated and 7 as a partner) * CORINT (3 projects coordinated) * INFOSOC (2 projects coordinated and 1 as a partner) * AMTRANS (1 project coordinated and 1 as a partner) * AGRAL (1 project coordinated) * RELANSIN (1 project coordinated) * PNCDI-I (10 projects coordinated and 8 as a partner) * PNCDI-II (10 projects coordinated and 10 as a partner)


International programs

*
European Space Agency The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member International organization, international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 ...
(ESA) (3) * 6th Framework Program of the European Commission CD-I (5) *
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...
(UN) Programs (2) * Food and Agricultural organizational programs (2) * PHARE Program (1) * Bilateral and multilateral collaborations (10) * Participation in consortia, networks, technology platforms


National and international affiliations

* Space Agencies Forum (1997) * COSPAR (Committee for Space Research International Council of Science) (1994) — Romanian secretariat * European Space Agency (ESA) — representative of Romania (1993–present) * EURISY — member (2000) * United Nations Regional Network for Space Sciences and Technology (1997)


Major international agreements

* ESA: European Cooperating State — 2006 and PECS 2007–2011. * France: Agreement with
CNES CNES () is the French national space agency. Headquartered in central Paris, the agency is overseen by the ministries of the Armed Forces, Economy and Finance and Higher Education, Research and Innovation. It operates from the Toulouse Spac ...
(2000) — project; Agreement with CNES (2004) — COROT space mission. * Italy: Agreement of scientific cooperation signed with the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) in 2003. * NASA: Understanding signed in May 2000. Projects in telemedicine, agriculture, and micro-gravity experiments on the International Space Station. *
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...
: Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Entertainment for the (AMS) on the ISS. * Azerbaijan: Co-operation agreement signed in 2003 with the Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency. * Bulgaria: Agreement of co-operation in the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space in 1997 signed with the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency. * Eastern countries (
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
,
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
,
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
,
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, Poland, Slovak Republic, Turkey) Contribution to the Regional Network for Research and Education in Space Science and Technology (under the auspices of the United Nations). * Hungary: Agreement of space cooperation signed in 1998 with the Hungarian Space Office. * Italy: Agreement of co-operation signed in 1998 with the Italian Space Agency.


Romanian experiment on STS-133

The final flight of NASA's space shuttle Discovery — NASA mission STS-133 — transported a Romanian experiment created by the Romanian Institute for Space Science to the International Space Station. Growth and Survival of Colored Fungi in Space (CFS-A) was an experiment designed to determine the effect of microgravity and cosmic radiation on the growth and survival of colored fungi species. Principal investigators: Dumitru Hasegan, Romanian Institute for Space Science, Bucharest. (ESA). The launch of STS-133 took place on February 24, 2011.


GOLIAT

Goliat is the first Romanian artificial microsatellite, launched on February 13, 2012. It was selected to be launched into orbit by the European Vega rocket, on its first operational flight. The system was developed and designed by ROSA in collaboration with the Institute of Space Sciences, BITNET and ELPROF companies between 2005 and 2007. The microsatellite is a cube with sides of 10 inches and a weight of one kilogram. The Goliat mission was funded by the National Authority for Scientific Exploration within the National Excellence Research program and it has an educational character, being the first microsatellite launched in a ROSA space program.


RoBiSAT

RoBiSAT represents the second Romanian artificial nanosatellites mission. The mission is composed of 2 Cubesat 2U-type satellites and was supposed to be part of the QB50 constellation. They were to be sent to the ISS in the second quarter of 2017 on the Cygnus CRS OA-7 however the mission was postponed indefinitely. The two nanosatellites, called RoBiSAT 1 and RoBiSAT 2, were built at the Institute of Space Science located in Magurele,
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
.


Expertise


National expertise

National Attributes: * Acting under the Authority of the Romanian Government
Ministry of Education and Research
(1995) * Reporting to th
Sub-commission for Space

RO Parliament
(2007) * Executive president for the Inter-Ministerial Board on Security Research (2004) and Inter-agency INSPIRE Group of experts * Inter-agency coop.
Ministry of National DefenseMinistry of Foreign AffairsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentRomanian Intelligence Service
* Contract authority and PMU for the national RTD Programs on Space, Aeronautics, Security (1995–2008) * Component of th
National Emergencies Council
(2000) * National Certification Authority for GRID information infrastructures (2006) * Certified security and classification organizational structure authorized to establish research and development Centers oriented on specific objectives of the Romanian RTD Plan


International expertise

International attributes: ROSA is the appointed national representative for: * European Space Agency (ESA) — by Laws 40/1993 and 01/2007 (1992–present) * United Nations — Committee on the Peaceful uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) — by mandate from the Foreign Ministry (1994–present) * Consultant for the EU Space Council / European Space Policy * EC — FP6 — AEROSPACE PC (2001–2006) * EC — FP7 — SPACE PC, SECURITY RESEARCH PC, TRANSPORTS PC (Aeronautics and Galileo) * EC — GNSS Supervisory Authority (GSA), GMES Advisory Council (GAC) (2007) * INSPIRE — by mandate from the Ministry of Education and Research (2005–present) * COSPAR — ICSU — National secretariat (1994–present) * GEO — Principal representative *
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
— Scientific Committee “Science for Peace and Security” (2004–present) * NATO — RTO — Space ST Advisory Group (SSTAG) (2005–present) * Space agencies: NASA, CNES (French Space Agency), Russia ROSKOSMOS (negotiations), Hungary, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan . . . * Bilateral agreements International organizations membership and/or national representative: COSPAR, IAF, IAA, EURISY, ACARE, EREA, ASD, EDA, others * Bilateral agreements with research organizations


=Joining ESA

= The first agreement between
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
and the European Space Agency (ESA) was signed in 1992, followed in 1999 by the Romania–ESA Agreement on cooperation in the peaceful exploration and use of space. Since 2007, Romania contributes to the ESA budget as a European Cooperating State (PECS), status ratified b
Law no. 1/2007
On December 22, 2011, Romania became the 19th member of the European Space Agency. An important step in the accession process was to conduct a technical audit on the relevant entities in Romania (institutes, research centres, industrial companies and SMEs), which have space technological capabilities. The audit was conducted by ESA, based on a sample of 130 entities, 50 of them being organized technical visits and interviews. The full member state of the European Space Agency status gives the organizations in Romania access, in the same way as the ESA countries, to all programs run. This is an important technology transfer and the opening of a high-tech market. The intellectual property is maintained at a national level, having an important role in the establishment of competence in the country.


Research


ROSA Research Center

Th
ROSA Research Center (RRC)
was formed in 1998. Another step was the joint venture agreements concluded with CRUTA — the Romanian Center for Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture — an SME laboratory initially organized as an independent branch of the ISPIF (Research and Development Institute for Land Use). A joint venture agreement was concluded with the Institute of Space Science in Bucharest. Since 2006, on behalf of the Romanian Government, ROSA has strengthened its relationship with ESA by signing a PECS agreement. RRC developed, since 2003, R&D projects addressing national strategy, as well as technological development in the GNSS field. One of the last projects, “Capacity, Infrastructure and Applications for GNSS-GALILEO” directly addressed the problem of extending EGNOS in Eastern Europe through infrastructure development.


Results of the research activities

Romanian Space Agency has no object of industrialization and marketing. The research results were used for the development of systems and services dedicated to a particular beneficiary (information systems, consulting, education): * Consulting services in satellite and inertial navigation applications (aerospace and GIS) * Quality control services for the implementation of LPIS (system control plot) for agricultural subventions (paying agency of the Ministry of Agriculture) *
Information systems An information system (IS) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. From a sociotechnical perspective, information systems comprise four components: task, people, structu ...
consulting for units/research (SMEs) * Educational Software for remote sensing satellite and specialized disaster monitoring (European Space Agency) * Pilot control system for Prahova SIPA plot * Geographic information services through satellite remote sensing (Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environment) * Satellite communication systems and data communication services (SMEs) * Consulting regarding industries (European Space Agency) * Pilot control system for Prahova SIPA plot * Geographic information services through satellite remote sensing (Ministry of Waters, Forests and Environment) * Satellite communication systems and data communication services (SMEs) * Consulting services industries (European Space Agency) * Experimental model of nanosatellite GOLIAT (prototype) * Training services, research and military and civil geospatial missions (Military Technical Academy) * Spatial data infrastructure for environmental applications (WEATHER) * National Infrastructure in satellite navigation (SMEs) * Demonstration model for the formation of UAVs * Demonstration model for the formation of nanosatellites * Professional software with educational components for numerical simulation of flows in aerodynamics (Universities, SMEs) * Activities developed on national and international programs


ESERO Romania

Launched during the ‘Romanian Space Week’, an annual scientific conference organized by ROSA between May 12–16, 2014
ESERO Romania
was established as the result of a partnership agreement between the Romanian Space Agency and the European Space Agency (ESA), joining a European network of ESEROs which are now present in 10 European countries. ESERO is a project established by ESA aimed at using the fascination with space to support the teaching and learning of STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) in European primary and secondary schools. Through ESERO Romania, ROSA and ESA plan to respond to Romanian specific national educational needs and eventually encourage the young generations to take up a STEM-related career.


Events


2022

ESA PROGRAMMES 2023–2025
On September 14, 2022, the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) with the support of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalisation, organised an Info Session on the ESA Programmes for the period 2023–2025. The event took place at the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMV), in Bucharest.


2014

Annual Scientific Conference Romanian Space Week
Between May 12–16, 2014, the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) organized the 2014 edition of the annual scientific conference "Romanian Space Week" (RSW 2014). The event was dedicated to presenting the implementation status of the projects funded through the Programme for Research, Development and Innovation for Space Technology and Advanced Research (STAR), which aims to improve Romania's industrial competitiveness in the Programmes of the European Space Agency. The 2014 ESA–EUSC–JRC Image Information Mining Conference: The Sentinels Era, Bucharest, March 2014
The Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) and the Politehnica University Bucharest (UPB) hosted the Ninth ESA–EUSC–JRC Image Information Mining Conference: The Sentinels Era, between March 5–7, 2014. The event was organized for European space agencies and organizations, aerospace industry and research centres, value-added companies and service providers.


2013

The 29t
EUGridPMA
Meeting, September 2013
Between September 9–11, 2013, the Romanian Space Agency organized the 29th meeting of the European Grid Policy Management Authority (EUGridPMA). The European Grid Policy Management Authority is an international organization that coordinates European e-Science authentication using digital certificates, and which, together with the Asia-Pacific Grid Policy Management Authority and the Americas Grid Policy Management Authority, form the International Grid Trust Federation. 2nd IAA Conference on Space Systems as Critical Infrastructure, August 2013
Between August 29–30, 2013, the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) together with the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) organized the 2nd Conference on Space Systems as Critical Infrastructure at the Golden Tulip Hotel in
Mamaia Mamaia () is a resort on the Romanian Black Sea shore and a district of Constanța. Considered to be Romania's most popular resort, Mamaia is situated immediately north-east of Constanța's city center. It has almost no full-time residents, being ...
,
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
, Romania. The symposium aimed to explore dependency on satellites to support critical infrastructure. The annual scientific conference of the "Space Technology and Advanced Research (STAR)" Programme, June 2013
Between June 26–27, 2013, the Romanian Space Agency, the coordinating organization of the Research, Development and Innovation Program — "Space Technology and Advanced Research" STAR, held the annual scientific conference dedicated to presenting the implementation stage of projects funded within the projects competition C1-2012. ESA, ASTRIUM and Thales Alenia Space present the opportunities for participating in the ARTES 14 Programme
Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems
at Bucharest, April 2013
The Romanian Space Agency organized an informative session on the ESA Programme dedicated to the next generation of Neosat platforms — ARTES 14 (Advanced Research in Telecommunications Systems). Representatives from ESA, as well as from prime contractors Astrium, a subsidiary of EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company) and Thales Alenia Space attended the event. The briefing aimed to assess the possibilities, capabilities and interest in being involved in ARTES 14 from organizations in Romania, as well as to provide a better understanding of the general and specific issues related to this program. The "European Earth Monitoring Programm

— Copernicus: Its benefits for the citizens of Eastern Europe" Conference, May 2013
The Romanian Space Agency, the European Space Agency, the European Commission and Eurisy jointly organized the second edition of the GMES COPERNICUS conference dedicated to Eastern Europe EU Member States. The conference took place in Bucharest, May 21–22, 2013. Since the first edition in 2012, the main objective of the conference was to highlight the various opportunities Copernicus can and will offer, with a focus on the new EU member states from Eastern Europe.


2012

PLEIADES: A new dimension of satellite imaging, October 2012
Organised by the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) together with Astrium Geo-Services, the Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environment Engineering in Bucharest, the Military Technical University in Bucharest and Tradsym Consult, the event presented the features of the Pleiades-SPOT constellation, as well as applications developed by Romanian researchers, based on the image database provided by SpotImage-Astrium Geo-Services. Exploratory workshop with the scientific Romanian Diaspora on "Space — Science, Technology and Applications", September 2012
The workshop collaborated with Romanian scientists working abroad to discuss space applications resulting from science and technology. The event was part of the event "Diaspora in the Romanian Scientific Research and Higher Education". 1st IAA Conference on Space Systems as Critical Infrastructures, September 2012
The conference was organized by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) and the Romanian Space Agency (ROSA), co-sponsored by the International Institute of Space Law (IISL), September 6–7, 2012. GEOSS Summer School — Remote Sensing of the Black Sea Marine Environment, August 2012
The 4th edition of the GEOSS summer school was hosted by the Romanian Space Agency in August of 2011, with a focus on the current use of remote sensing, EO data and future remote sensing sensors, contributing to monitoring the marine environment evolution and satellite oceanography. GMES: New Opportunities for Eastern Europe, May 2012
The Romanian Space Agency (ROSA), together with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Commission (EC) organized the "GMES: New Opportunities for Eastern Europe" conference from May 3–4, 2012. Space Situational Awareness Workshop, April 2012
ROSA together with the Research Agency on Military Technologies organized a workshop on Space Situational Awareness, where programmes of ESA and NATO were discussed, as well as the possibility to develop a Romanian ground-based facility for NEO and space debris observation, space weather contributions in Romania, and high performance computing mobile for disaster management applications.


2011

GEOSS Summer School: Advancing Earth Observation Data Understanding Crisis Management and Emergency Response, August 2011
The Romanian Space Agency organized the 3rd edition of the GEOSS Summer School, part of activities supporting GEO capacity building in Earth Observation. The program focused on acquiring knowledge on the current use of EO data and image information mining techniques contributing to preventing, monitoring and assessing the impact of natural and man-made disasters and crisis situations. 2011 IAA Planetary Defense Conference: From Threat to Action, May 2011
The International Academy of Astronautics held its second conference on asteroid impact prevention from May 9–12, 2011 in Bucharest, Romania. The 1st IAA Planetary Defense Conference: Protecting Earth from Asteroids, co-sponsored by the European Space Agency and The Aerospace Corporation, was the follow-on to three previous planetary defence conferences held in 2004 in Los Angeles, 2007 in Washington, D.C., and in 2009 in Granada, Spain.


Notes

Romania is among the lesser-known of the pioneering nations that contributed to space exploration in the 1970s and 1980s.


References


External links


Homepage of ROSA

ROSA Facebook pageHomepage of NASAHomepage of ESAAstronomical Institute of Romanian Academy

ANCS

Planetary Defence Conference May 9–12 2011 Bucharest
Need more information? Visit this guide website: https://www.itu.int/hub/2022/09/romania-space-pioneer-with-stellar-ambitions/ for further advice and more extra detailed data testimonies and info. {{Authority control Space agencies 1991 establishments in Romania Science and technology in Romania Organizations established in 1991 Space program of Romania