Roger Lee (1920–1981) was a Chinese-American

modernist Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

who designed more than 100 houses and other projects in Northern California, Nevada, and Hawaii. Most of his work was done during the 1950s and 1960s, and mainly in the San Francisco Bay Area. He has been referred to as an architect who "designed high style for the middle class," and is today considered one of "the forgotten mid-century modernist" architects. Lee was also one of the few Chinese American architects in the nation when he first received his license in 1947.He was regarded as one of the most brainy architect of his times because of his unconventional modernist way of designs. Lee's residential designs were noted for their grace and clarity, often designed in a modern style with extensive use of walls of glass and redwood panels. In 1957 the London Architectural Review recognized him as one of forty U.S. architects who have "made personal contributions to American Architecture." Along with residences, he designed apartments, housing projects, recreational facilities, and churches. In 1964 he moved his practice to Hawaii. He grew up with the ideals of European

modernism Modernism is both a philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new forms of art, philosophy, ...

, writes architecture author Dave Weinstein, "that architecture should be functional, unadorned and elegant and make a difference in the lives of everyday people,"

Education

He received his bachelor's degree in Arts and Architecture from the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

, and graduated in 1941 with top design honors. As a student, he was a member of the Delta Sigma Chi, the Honorary Architecture Fraternity."Roger Lee Collection, 1949-1968"
U.C.Berkeley

Career

During 1941 and 1945, while the U.S. was engaged in World War II, he worked on designing U.S. Post Offices, and served as an Assistant Engineer with the U.S. Engineers office in Honolulu working on various defense projects. Following the war he practiced for a year with a number of firms in the Los Angeles area, and returned to the Bay Area in 1947 where he was associated with architect Fred Langhorst. Lee was noted for the "grace and clarity" of his residential designs which made him one of the foremost proponents of the Bay Region Style after World War II. He received a number of awards and honors including "America's Best Small Houses, 1949" for his own Berkeley residence; an Award of Merit in the

American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to ...

(AIA) Honor Awards Program, 1955 for the George Channing residence in Sausalito; and First Honor award in the AIA "Homes for Better Living Program, 1956" for the William Wilkinson House in Orinda. Irene Wilkinson stated that she loves her house because "it is unpretentious and harmonizes with nature." In 1957, the London Architectural Review recognized him as one of forty U.S. architects who have "made personal contributions to American Architecture." During the course of his California practice he designed nearly 100 residences, and a small number of apartments, housing projects, recreational facilities, and churches. In 1955 he designed a series of "Universal Homes" in Kensington CA. According to Weinstein, he helped introduce a "new way of living" using modernist designs. In 1949, Architectural Forum devoted three pages to a cluster of six El Cerrito homes designed by Lee with the headline "Modern design: Out West the customer is starting to demand it." Lee influenced other architects, including

Case Study House The Case Study Houses were experiments in American residential architecture sponsored by ''Arts & Architecture'' magazine, which commissioned major architects of the day, including Richard Neutra, Raphael Soriano, Craig Ellwood, Charles and Ray E ...

(#26) architect Beverly (David) ThorneWeintraub, Alan, and Hess, Alan. ''Forgotten Modern: California Houses 1940—1970'', Gibbs Smith, Publisher (2007) p. 119 and Paffard Keatinge-Clay, both of whom had interned under Lee.Serraino, Pierluigi. ''NorCalMod: Icons of Northern California Modernism'', Chronicle Books (2006) p. 281

Design styles

Lee helped develop the "Second Bay Area Tradition" of mid-century modernism, incorporating open plans, glass walls, and attention to nature.Weinstein, Dave. ''Signature Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area'', Gibbs Smith, Publisher (2006) pp. 98-105 His houses are considered easy to identify, generally having a flat roof, inconspicuous front door and glass walls. The homes are usually long and low, have no decoration other than "lovely rhythms created by structural elements, ceiling beams and decking, and a strong Asian influence," notes landscape architect Ted Osmundson. He used

post-and-beam construction Timber framing (german: Holzfachwerk) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden ...

— exposed beams supported by widely and regularly spaced posts. The technique, which is common to modern homes, allows for larger spaces and larger expanses of glass than are possible with traditional wood-frame construction. It also provides a visual element: "Literally you can see the structure from anywhere in the house," notes a former client of Lee. Weinstein notes that after the war, young architects were "energized" as popular home magazines published numerous articles about the new techniques being used in construction, such as plastics and aluminum, which could be used to manufacture affordable homes for the new middle class. "It was to be a new age with a new way of living, and modernism, with its clean lines, would make it work . . " As a result, Lee is considered one of "the Bay Area's great forgotten architects," notes Waverly Lowell, curator of UC Berkeley's Environmental Design Archives."Middle-class modernism / Roger Lee's elegant glass houses -still sought after"
''SFGate'', April 19, 2003 Lee's designs resembled the modern homes of

Joseph Eichler Joseph Leopold Eichler (June 25, 1900 – July 1, 1974) was a 20th-century post-war American real estate developer known for developing distinctive residential subdivisions of Mid-century modern style tract housing in California. He was one ...

, with post-and-beam construction, concrete slab foundations, radiant floor heating, and an "open" plan. Within a year after he opened his own firm in 1949 through the 1960s, Lee's homes were often written up in major architectural magazines. His name was often mentioned alongside other leading modern architects of the time, including

Richard Neutra Richard Joseph Neutra ( ; April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) was an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for the majority of his career in Southern California, he came to be considered a prominent and important modernist architect. H ...

, and William Wurster, both of whom also worked in Northern California. Within a few years his designs were also described in popular home magazines including ''House and Garden'', ''Sunset'', and others. Lee also designed a unique home style which became known as the "Moduflex" house, based on standardized parts to keep costs down. During the mid-1960s his homes could be built for as little as $25,000, or about $20 a square foot.

Later years and personal life

In 1964, he moved his practice to Hawaii and continue to design modern homes. He also designed a hospital in Hawaii. Lee was a family man, having met his wife in Hawaii during World War II. They had two sons and a daughter. He enjoyed sports cars and summer vacations with his family to Yosemite or Oregon, and loved to fish when he had time. He died of cancer in 1981.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lee, Roger 1920 births 1981 deaths Chinese architects Modernist architects Organic architecture People from Oakland, California UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design alumni American people of Chinese descent Architects from California 20th-century American architects