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Roela () is a
township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
(') in
Vinni Parish Vinni Parish () is a rural municipality of Estonia, in Lääne-Viru County. It has a population of 5,630 () and an area of . Settlements There are 6 small boroughs: Laekvere, Pajusti, Roela, Tudu, Vinni, Viru-Jaagupi, and 37 villages, incl ...
(''Kirchspiel Finn'' before 1930),
Lääne-Viru County Lääne-Viru County ( or ''Lääne-Virumaa'') is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia, on the south coast of the Gulf of Finland. In Estonian, ''lääne'' means western and ''ida'' means east or eastern. Lääne-Viru borders Id ...
(''Wierland'' before 1919) in northeastern
Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
.


History

Before the 13th century, there has been
Stronghold A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...
labelled in the
Estonian language Estonian ( ) is a Finnic language and the official language of Estonia. It is written in the Latin script and is the first language of the majority of the country's population; it is also an official language of the European Union. Estonian is sp ...
"Roela linnamägi", but there has not been any closer archaeological examination as per data from 2010. It is presumed that Roela Linnamägi was created 6.-7 century AD. The remains of Stronghold are barely visible as very little remains on the hill. Roela was part of Viru-Jaagupi parish (ancient local council before
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...
arrived) and hence independent county of
Virumaa Virumaa (; Low German: ''Wierland''; Old Norse: ''Virland'') is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia. Now it is divided into Ida-Viru County or Eastern Vironia and Lääne-Viru County or Western Vironia. Vironians built many strongh ...
until
Livonian Crusade The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Crusade, Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Pope, Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century. Overview Historic ...
reached Virumaa in 1219. Roela was mentioned first time in writing in 1241 in
Danish Census Book The Danish Census Book or the Danish book of land taxation (, ) dates from the 13th century and consists of a number of separate manuscripts. The original manuscripts are now housed in the Danish National Archives (''Rigsarkivet'') in Copenhage ...
(Liber Census Damae) and as per data, Manor was established as "Roilse" and "Vettaerokae" did belong to Henric de Vspessil and in 1453, Roela
Manor house A manor house was historically the main residence of the lord of the manor. The house formed the administrative centre of a manor in the European feudal system; within its great hall were usually held the lord's manorial courts, communal mea ...
was built instead of the Vettaerokae village. The Manor house was mentioned first time under the name Rogell. In 1816, during the reign of
Alexander I of Russia Alexander I (, ; – ), nicknamed "the Blessed", was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. He ruled Russian Empire, Russia during the chaotic perio ...
the process of
abolition of serfdom in Livonia Livonian Peasants' Laws were laws introduced in the 19th century for Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire. About the same time similar laws has been enacted in all Baltic governorates and Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. These laws chang ...
took place. Similar developments took place in
Governorate of Estonia The Governorate of Estonia, also known as the Esthonia (Estland) Governorate, was a province (''guberniya'') and one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire. It was located in the northern Estonia with some islands in the West Estoni ...
where Roela was located. Serfdom abolishment did not change the situation for the local peasants and the land around Roela was mostly owned by nobility, consisting of
Baltic Germans Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their resettlement in 1945 after the end of World War II, Baltic Germans have drastically decli ...
, living in the Manor house. In 1836, Roela village did have 36 farms within its limits. 1840 Roela manor was bought by
Ferdinand von Wrangel Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel (, Romanization of Russian, tr. ; – ) was a Russia Germans, Russia German (Baltic Germans, Baltic German) explorer and officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, Honorable Member of the Saint P ...
who did hand it as a gift to his wife Elisabeth. Elisabeth died in Roela in 1850. Their son, Wilhelm von Wrangel, born in 1831 in
Sitka, Alaska Sitka (; ) is a municipal home rule, unified Consolidated city-county, city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska. It was under Russian America, Russian rule from 1799 to 1867. The city is situated on the west side of Ba ...
, did become later the owner of Roela manor. In 1894 this manor was passed on to his son Ferdinand von Wrangel.
1905 Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, was a revolution in the Russian Empire which began on 22 January 1905 and led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under the Russian Constitution of 1906, th ...
did also reach Roela. Manor house properties were damaged during the insurgency. After the
Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence, also known as the War of Freedom in Estonia, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Russian westward offensive of 1918–1919 and the ...
,
Land Reform Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Lan ...
applied in 1920 redistributed most of the land belonging to the Manor house to the local
peasant A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasan ...
population. In 2012, local medical point closed as
Doctor Doctor, Doctors, The Doctor or The Doctors may refer to: Titles and occupations * Physician, a medical practitioner * Doctor (title), an academic title for the holder of a doctoral-level degree ** Doctorate ** List of doctoral degrees awarded b ...
Tõnis Nurk, did finish providing medical services to local population. Lack of local doctor was the main reason also why local
pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...
closed in 2015 for economical reasons. Locals started visiting doctor in county centre
Rakvere Rakvere is the administrative center, or county seat, of Lääne-Viru County in northern Estonia, about 100 km southeast of Tallinn and 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. Rakvere boasts a distinctive architectural feature: th ...
due to 2nd best option and it as more convenient for patients to purchase their medicines from Rakvere.


Geography

Roela is located at the eastern edge of
Pandivere Upland Pandivere Upland (or Pandivere Heights, ) is hilly area of higher elevation in Northern Estonia. It contains the highest point of Northern Estonia: Emumägi Emumägi is a hill in Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County, Estonia. The hill i ...
. The area has many springs, it is part of the Pandivere water protection area, and Kunda river starts from here at Uuemõisa area in Roela. Next to Roela Manor house, there is a
reservoir A reservoir (; ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to water storage, store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation. Reservoirs are created by controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of wa ...
that was cleaned and shores were renovated in 2002.


Administrative districts

Roela has now local parish/council sub service centre that serves following villages: Roela alevik, Alavere, Lepiku, Lähtse, Obja, Puka, Rasivere, Ristiküla, Rünga, Saara, Soonuka ja Tammiku.


Economy

Traditionally, agriculture and forestry have provided the livelihood to the local community. During
Soviet occupation During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. These included the eastern regions of Poland (incorporated into three differe ...
, Roela was designated as
sovkhoz A sovkhoz ( rus, совхо́з, p=sɐfˈxos, a=ru-sovkhoz.ogg, syllabic abbreviation, abbreviated from , ''sovetskoye khozyaystvo''; ) was a form of state-owned farm or agricultural enterprise in the Soviet Union. It is usually contrasted w ...
. Several different industries were developed in the area, such as
turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
farming. Turkey farming was one of the most profitable enterprises as Soviet Union paid good price for them. These industries are no longer present anymore as they disappeared with Soviet Union.
Planned economy A planned economy is a type of economic system where investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economy-wide economic plans and production plans. A planned economy may use centralized, decentralized, ...
spared Roela region from the environmental destruction that some other areas were subject to in Virumaa. in 21st century, there are several active farms in other fields such as
beekeeping Beekeeping (or apiculture, from ) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in artificial beehives. Honey bees in the genus '' Apis'' are the most commonly kept species but other honey producing bees such as '' Melipona'' stingless bees are ...
that also carry longer tradition in the area. Many of them are oriented to produce
organic food Organic food, also known as ecological or biological food, refers to foods and beverages produced using methods that comply with the standards of organic farming. Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming features practices that cycle resou ...
due to the undisturbed and unspoiled
ecological Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. Ecology overlaps with the closely re ...
conditions in the past.


Education

Local
school A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the Educational architecture, building) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students, usually under the direction of teachers. Most co ...
was founded in 1822 however it was destroyed in fire and as per
word of mouth Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person using oral communication, which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a ...
it was rebuilt 1843. In 1875, there was 2 schools in Roela, municipal school and manor school. The municipal school burned down at the end of the century and construction of new building began in April 1900. 15th Oct. 1900 education continued in new building with 3 grades like all municipal schools at the time. 1908 manor school burned down and manor built new school where the manor servants children did receive education. During
Soviet occupation During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. These included the eastern regions of Poland (incorporated into three differe ...
, Estonian education was reorganised as Soviet educational system was a very different from Estonian one. This meant that in 1944 Roela Not-complete
Secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...
() was created. In 1961 Roela 7 grade school was reorganised into Roela 8 grade school. Current building for school was built in 01.09.1979 and 11.01.1980 Roela 8th grade school moved in despite the gym and assembly hall were not completed. In 01.09.1980 8th grade school became Roela
Secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...
. 01.09.1996 school was downsized to Roela Basic school () and in 20.12.1999 it was named after Wrangell. Due to the oversized building and reduced number of pupils, school was once again reorganaized to Kindergarten-Basic school() in 01.07.2011. The school had 75 pupils in 2009/2010. The number of pupils in school has been falling during the last decades. In 2010 11 pupils graduated and in 2020 6 pupils graduated.https://roela.edu.ee/et/vilistlased


Culture

Roela has active non-profit organization MTÜ Roela Kodukant from 19 November 2004. The management has 5 members in 2023 and the aim of the organization is to develop life in Roela and the villages surrounding it. All related activities are only on volunteer basis. Traditional activities are organization of Spring fair, Jaanipäev, History conference and Christmas fair.


Notable people

*
Ferdinand von Wrangel Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel (, Romanization of Russian, tr. ; – ) was a Russia Germans, Russia German (Baltic Germans, Baltic German) explorer and officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, Honorable Member of the Saint P ...
(1797–1870), Baltic German explorer and seaman in the Imperial Russian Navy, did live his last years before his death in Roela Manor house * Mihkel Jürna (1899–1973), Novelist and translator * (1923–1960), Actress with a specialty of making children, especially boys, voice imitations *
Mihkel Juhkam Mihkel Juhkam (3 August 1884 Küti Parish (now Vinni Parish), Wierland County – 28 January 1942 Sosva camp, Sverdlovsk Oblast) was an Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to ...
(1884–1942), Politician, member of
1919 Estonian Constituent Assembly election Constituent Assembly elections were held in Estonia on 5–7 April 1919. The elections were called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. The Assembly was elected by party-list proportional representation ...
and
Minister of War A ministry of defence or defense (see American and British English spelling differences#-ce.2C -se, spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and Mi ...
in the government of
August Rei August Rei ( – 29 March 1963) was an Estonian politician. He served as State Elder of Estonia from 1928 to 1929, and as Prime Minister in duties of the President of the Estonian government-in-exile from 1945 to 1963. Early life and educati ...
in 1928-1929


References


External links


Satellite map at Maplandia.com
{{Boroughs of Estonia Boroughs and small boroughs in Estonia Kreis Wierland