Roekiah (
Perfected Spelling: Rukiah; 31 December 1917 – 2 September 1945), often credited as Miss Roekiah, was an Indonesian ''
kroncong
Kroncong (pronounced "kronchong"; id, Keroncong, nl, Krontjong) is the name of a ukulele-like instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong (the sound ' comes from this instrument, so the music is called ' ...
'' singer and film actress. The daughter of two stage performers, she began her career at the age of seven; by 1932 she had become well known in
Batavia,
Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia), as a singer and stage actress. Around this time she met
Kartolo, whom she married in 1934. The two acted in the 1937 hit film ''
Terang Boelan'', in which Roekiah and
Rd Mochtar played young lovers.
After the film's commercial success, Roekiah, Kartolo, and most of the cast and crew of ''Terang Boelan'' were signed to
Tan's Film, first appearing for the company in their 1938 production ''
Fatima
Fāṭima bint Muḥammad ( ar, فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت مُحَمَّد}, 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, t ...
''. They acted together in two more films before Mochtar left the company in 1940; through these films, Roekiah and Mochtar became the colony's first on-screen couple. Mochtar's replacement,
Rd Djoemala, acted with Roekiah in four films, although these were less successful. After the
Japanese invaded the Indies in 1942, Roekiah took only one more film role before her death; most of her time was used entertaining Japanese forces.
During her life Roekiah was a fashion and beauty icon, featuring in advertisements and drawing comparisons to
Dorothy Lamour
Dorothy Lamour (born Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton; December 10, 1914 – September 22, 1996) was an American actress and singer. She is best remembered for having appeared in the '' Road to...'' movies, a series of successful comedies starring Bing ...
and
Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor (born Laura Augusta Gainor; October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American film, stage, and television actress.
Gaynor began her career as an extra in shorts and silent films. After signing with Fox Film Corporation (later ...
. Though most of the films in which she appeared are now
lost, she has continued to be cited as a film pioneer, and a 1969 article stated that "in her time
oekiahreached a level of popularity which, one could say, has not been seen since". Of her five children with Kartolo, one –
Rachmat Kartolo – entered acting.
Biography
Early life
Roekiah was born in
Bandoeng (now known as
Bandung
Bandung ( su, ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, Bandung, ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of West Java. It has a population of 2,452,943 within its city limits according to the official estimates as at mid 2021, making it the fourth mos ...
),
Preanger Regencies Residency (now in
West Java
West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Bante ...
),
Dutch East Indies, in 1917 to Mohammad Ali and Ningsih, actors with the Opera Poesi Indra Bangsawan troupe; Ali was originally from
Belitung
Belitung (Malay, Belitung Malay: ''Belitong'', formerly Billiton) is an Islands of Indonesia, island on the east coast of Sumatra, Indonesia in the Java Sea. It covers , and had a population of 309,097 at the 2020 Census. Administratively, i ...
, while Ningsih was of
Sundanese descent and came from
Cianjur
Cianjur ( su, ᮎᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮏᮥᮁ) is a town and district in the West Java province of Indonesia, and is the seat of Cianjur Regency. The district of Cianjur is located along one of the main roads between Jakarta (120 km to the north ...
. Though Roekiah learned acting mainly from her parents, she also studied the craft with other members of their troupe. The trio were constantly travelling, leaving Roekiah with no time for a formal education. By the mid-1920s they were with another troupe, the Opera Rochani.
Roekiah insisted on becoming an actress, despite the opposition of her family, and asked her mother for permission to perform on stage. Ningsih agreed, with one condition: Roekiah could only perform once. When the seven-year-old Roekiah took to the stage for the first time, Mohammad Ali – unaware of the agreement between his wife and daughter – rushed on stage and insisted that Roekiah stop singing. Afterwards, she refused to eat until her parents ultimately relented. Roekiah performed regularly afterwards with the troupe.
By 1932, the year she joined Palestina Opera in
Batavia (modern-day Jakarta), Roekiah had become a well-known stage actress and singer of ''
kroncong
Kroncong (pronounced "kronchong"; id, Keroncong, nl, Krontjong) is the name of a ukulele-like instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong (the sound ' comes from this instrument, so the music is called ' ...
'' music (traditional music with
Portuguese influences). She was admired not only for her voice, but her beauty. While with Palestina she met
Kartolo, an actor, pianist, and songwriter with the troupe; they married later that year. The new couple soon left Palestina, taking month's hiatus before joining the group Faroka on a tour in Singapore. They returned to the Indies in 1936.
Film career
Partnership with Rd Mochtar

In 1937, Roekiah made her first film appearance as the leading lady in
Albert Balink
Albert Balink (3 August 1906 – 8 February 1976) was a Dutch journalist and filmmaker who contributed to early Indonesian cinema. Born in the Netherlands, he began a career in film journalism in the Dutch East Indies. A self-taught filmmaker, ...
's ''
Terang Boelan'' (''Full Moon''). She and her co-star
Rd Mochtar played two lovers who elope so that Roekiah's character need not marry an opium smuggler; Kartolo also had a small role. The film was a commercial success, earning over 200,000
Straits dollar
The Straits dollar was the currency of the Straits Settlements from 1898 until 1939. At the same time, it was also used in the Federated Malay States, the Unfederated Malay States, Kingdom of Sarawak, Brunei, and British North Borneo.
Histor ...
s during its international release; the Indonesian film historian
Misbach Yusa Biran
Misbach Yusa Biran (11 September 1933 – 11 April 2012) was an Indonesian writer, director and columnist who pioneered the Indonesian film archives.
Personal life
Biran was born in Rangkasbitung, in the Lebak Regency, to a Minangkaba ...
credited Roekiah as the "dynamite" which led to this positive reception.
Despite the success of ''Terang Boelan'', its production company Algemeen Nederlandsch Indisch Filmsyndicaat stopped all work on
fiction films. Now jobless and depressed after the death of her mother, according to journalist W. Imong, Roekiah "kept silent, constantly musing as if she were mentally disturbed". In order to distract his wife, Kartolo gathered the other cast members from ''Terang Boelan'' and established the Terang Boelan Troupe, which toured to Singapore to popular acclaim; this snapped Roekiah out of her melancholy. After the troupe returned to the Indies, most of the cast switched to
Tan's Film, including Roekiah and Kartolo; the two also performed with the
Lief Java ''kroncong'' group.
With Tan's, the ''Terang Boelan'' cast appeared in the 1938 hit ''
Fatima
Fāṭima bint Muḥammad ( ar, فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت مُحَمَّد}, 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, t ...
'', starring Roekiah and Rd Mochtar. The film, in which Roekiah played the title role – a young woman who must fend away the advances of a gang leader while falling in love with a fisherman (Rd Mochtar) – closely followed the formula established by ''Terang Boelan''. Roekiah's acting received wide praise. One reviewer in the Batavia-based ''Het Nieuws van den dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië'' wrote that Roekiah's "sober personification of injustice in the Malay
adat
Alesis Digital Audio Tape (ADAT) is a magnetic tape format used for the recording of eight digital audio tracks onto the same S-VHS tape used by consumer VCRs.
Although it is a tape-based format, the term ''ADAT'' now refers to its succe ...
wedding captivates even the European spectator", while another, in the ''
Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad'', found that Roekiah's performance was appreciated by everyone.
''Fatima'' was a massive commercial hit, earning 200,000 gulden on a 7,000 gulden budget. Following the film's success, Tan's continued to cast Roekiah with Rd Mochtar. They became the colony's first
on-screen celebrity couple and were termed the Indies'
Charles Farrell–
Janet Gaynor
Janet Gaynor (born Laura Augusta Gainor; October 6, 1906 – September 14, 1984) was an American film, stage, and television actress.
Gaynor began her career as an extra in shorts and silent films. After signing with Fox Film Corporation (later ...
. The popularity of Roekiah–Rd Mochtar as a screen couple led other studios to follow with their own romantic pairings.
The Teng Chun's Java Industrial Film, for instance, paired
Mohamad Mochtar
Mohamad Mochtar (1 July 1918 – 1 December 1981), usually credited as Moh Mochtar, was an Indonesian film actor active from 1939 until his death in 1981.
Biography
Mochtar was born in Cianjur, West Java, Dutch East Indies, on 1 July 1918. H ...
and
Hadidjah
Hadidjah (EYD, Perfected Spelling: Hadijah; 13 June 1920 – 10 October 2013) was an Indonesian film actress best known for partnership with Moh Mochtar in seven films released by Java Industrial Film between 1939 and 1941. She was the mother ...
in ''
Alang-Alang'' (''Grass'', 1939).
In order to keep their new star, Tan's Film spent a large amount of money. Roekiah and Kartolo received a monthly holding fee of 150 gulden and 50 gulden respectively, twice as much as they had been given for ''Terang Boelan''. They were also given a house in Tanah Rendah, Batavia. Roekiah and Kartolo, for their part, continued to act for the company; Kartolo often had small, comedic, roles, and Roekiah sang songs her husband had written. In 1939, they appeared together, again with Rd Mochtar as Roekiah's romantic foil, in the
Zorro
Zorro ( Spanish for 'fox') is a fictional character created in 1919 by American pulp writer Johnston McCulley, appearing in works set in the Pueblo of Los Angeles in Alta California. He is typically portrayed as a dashing masked vigilant ...
-influenced ''
Gagak Item''. Though not as successful as Roekiah's previous works, the film was still profitable. A reviewer for the ''Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad'' praised Roekiah's "demure" acting.
Roekiah's last film with Rd Mochtar, ''
Siti Akbari'', was released in 1940. Possibly inspired by a
poem
Poetry (derived from the Greek '' poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings ...
of the same name by
Lie Kim Hok, the film featured Roekiah in the
title role
The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work. In a performed work such as a play or film, the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piece. The title of ...
, portraying a long-suffering wife who remains faithful to her husband despite his infidelity. The film was well-received, earning 1,000 gulden on its first night in Surabaya, but was ultimately unable to return profits similar to ''Terang Boelan'' or ''Fatima''.
Partnership with Djoemala

Amidst a wage dispute, Rd Mochtar left Tan's for their competitor Populair Films in 1940. Accordingly, the company began looking for a new on-screen partner for Roekiah. Kartolo asked an acquaintance, a tailor-cum-entrepreneur named
Ismail Djoemala to take the part; though Djoemala had never acted before, he had sung with the group Malay Pemoeda in 1929. After Kartolo asked him six times to act for Tan's, Djoemala agreed. The company found the tall and good-looking Djoemala a suitable replacement, and hired him, giving him the stage name Rd Djoemala.
Roekiah and Djoemala made their first film together, ''
Sorga Ka Toedjoe
''Sorga Ka Toedjoe'' (; vernacular Malay for ''Seventh Heaven''; also advertised under the Dutch title ''In Den Zevenden Hemel'') is a 1940 film from the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) directed by Joshua and Othniel Wong for Tan' ...
'' (''Seventh Heaven''), later that year. In the film, Roekiah played a young woman who, with the help of her lover, is able to reunite her blind aunt (
Annie Landouw
Annie Landouw (also Landauw, 1913 – 17 August 1982) was an Indonesian ''keroncong'' singer and film actress.
Biography
Landouw was born in Surakarta, Central Java, in 1913. She lost her sight following an extended illness as a child, and ...
) with her estranged husband (Kartolo). This film was a commercial success, and the reviews were positive. One, for the ''
Soerabaijasch Handelsblad'', opined that Djoemala was as good as, if not better, than Rd Mochtar. Another review, for the ''
Singapore Free Press
''The Singapore Free Press'' was an English-language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore.
History
The paper was founded as Singapore's second English-language newspaper by William Napier, Edward Boustead, Walter Scott Lorrain and ...
'', wrote that "Roekiah fills the part of the heroine in a most praiseworthy manner". In April of the following year Tan's released ''
Roekihati
''Roekihati'' is a 1940 film from the Dutch East Indies. Directed by the brothers Joshua and Othniel Wong and produced by Tan's Film, it follows a young village woman who goes to the city and encounters various difficulties. Targeted at lower-cl ...
'', starring Roekiah as a young woman who goes to the city to earn money for her ailing family, ultimately marrying. Her performance received praise from the ''Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad'', which wrote that she had performed well in the difficult role.
Later in 1941 Roekiah and Djoemala completed ''
Poesaka Terpendam'' (''Buried Treasure''), an action-filled film which followed two groups – the rightful heirs (Roekiah being one of them) and a band of criminals – in a race to find treasure buried in
Banten
Banten ( id, Banten; Sundanese: , romanized ''Banten'') is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java ...
. Roekiah and Djoemala worked on their final film together, ''
Koeda Sembrani'' (''The Enchanted Horse''), in early 1942. In the film, adapted from ''
One Thousand and One Nights
''One Thousand and One Nights'' ( ar, أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ, italic=yes, ) is a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the ''Arabian ...
'', Roekiah took the role of Princess Shams-al-Nahar and was shown flying on a horse. The film was still incomplete when the
Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies
The Empire of Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945. It was one of the most crucial and important periods in modern Indonesian history.
In Ma ...
began in March 1942, though it was screened by October 1943.
Altogether Roekiah and Djoemala acted in four films in two years. Biran argues this is evidence the company "wasted their treasure", as its competitors used their stars more often; Java Industrial Film, for instance, completed six films starring Moh. Mochtar in 1941 alone. Though Roekiah's films continued to be financial successes, they did not earn as large a profit as her earlier works.
Japanese occupation and death
Film production in the Indies declined after the Japanese occupation began in early 1942; the overlords forced all but one studio to close. In their place, the Japanese opened their own studio in the Indies, ''
Nippon Eigasha
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the no ...
'', to produce
propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loa ...
for the war effort. Kartolo acted in the studio's only feature film, ''
Berdjoang'' (''Hope of the South''), without Roekiah in 1943. After a hiatus of several years, Roekiah also acted for the studio, taking a role in the short Japanese propaganda film ''Ke Seberang'' (''To the Other Side'') in 1944. However, much of her time was spent touring Java with a theatrical company, entertaining Japanese troops.
Roekiah fell ill in February 1945, not long after completing ''Ke Seberang''. Despite this, and a miscarriage, she was unable to go on break; the Japanese forces insisted that she and Kartolo go on tour to
Surabaya
Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Java and the second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. Located on the northeastern border of Java island, on the Mad ...
, in
eastern Java
Eastern may refer to:
Transportation
*China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai
*Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways
*Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 1926 to 1991
*Eastern Air Li ...
. Upon her return to Jakarta, her condition became worse. After several months of treatment, she died on 2 September 1945, mere weeks after Indonesia
proclaimed its independence.
[; ] The date she died was also the day of
Japan's surrender
The surrender of the Empire of Japan in World War II was announced by Emperor Hirohito on 15 August and formally signed on 2 September 1945, bringing the war's hostilities to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (I ...
which formally ended
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
and the occupation. Roekiah was buried in Kober Hulu,
Jatinegara
Jatinegara (originally known as Meester Cornelis or Meester for short) is one of the districts (''Kecamatan'') of East Jakarta, Indonesia. The name also refers to the larger, historic area of the colonial town of Meester Cornelis. Established ...
,
Djakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital city, capital and list of Indonesian cities by population, largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coa ...
. Her funeral was attended by the Minister of Education
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese sounds (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 Apr ...
.
Family

Roekiah said that she felt Kartolo was a good match with her, stating that the marriage brought them "great fortune". The two had had five children. After Roekiah's death, Kartolo brought the children to his hometown at
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...
. In order to support the family, he took a job with
Radio Republik Indonesia
''Radio Republik Indonesia'' (Radio of the Republic of Indonesia, abbreviated as RRI), legally ''Lembaga Penyiaran Publik (LPP) Radio Republik Indonesia'' ( Public Broadcasting Institution Radio of the Republic of Indonesia), is a public radi ...
, beginning in 1946. There he spent most of the ongoing
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution, or the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcol ...
, an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between newly proclaimed Indonesia and the
Dutch Empire in which the newly proclaimed country attempted to receive international recognition of its independence. After the Dutch military launched
Operation Kraai
Operation Kraai (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the ''de facto'' Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's te ...
on 19 December 1948, capturing Yogyakarta, Kartolo refused to collaborate with the returning colonial forces. Without a source of income, he fell ill, and died on 18 January 1949.
One of the couple's children died in Yogyakarta, aged ten. The remaining children were brought to Jakarta after the Indonesian National Revolution ended in 1950, where they were raised by Kartolo's close friend Adikarso. One,
Rachmat Kartolo, went on to be a singer and actor active up through the 1970s, known for songs such as "Patah Hati" ("Heartbroken") and films such as ''Matjan Kemajoran'' (''Tiger of Kemayoran''; 1965) and ''Bernafas dalam Lumpur'' (''Breathing in the Mud''; 1970). Two other sons, Jusuf and Imam, played in a band with their brother before finding careers elsewhere. The couple's daughter, Sri Wahjuni, did not enter the entertainment industry.
Legacy
The press viewed Roekiah fondly, and her new releases consistently received positive reviews. At the peak of Roekiah's popularity, fans based their fashion decisions on what Roekiah wore on-screen. Roekiah appeared regularly in advertisements, and numerous
records with her vocal performances were available on the market. One fan, in a 1996 interview, recalled that Roekiah was "every man's idol", while others christened Roekiah as Indonesia's
Dorothy Lamour
Dorothy Lamour (born Mary Leta Dorothy Slaton; December 10, 1914 – September 22, 1996) was an American actress and singer. She is best remembered for having appeared in the '' Road to...'' movies, a series of successful comedies starring Bing ...
. Another fan, recalling a performance he had witnessed over fifty years earlier, stated:
After Roekiah's death, the Indonesian film industry searched for a replacement. The film scholar Ekky Imanjaya notes one instance where a film was advertised with the line "Roekiah? No! But
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. ...
in a new Indonesian film, ''
Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum
''Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum'' (; Perfected Spelling: ''Air Mata Mengalir di Citarum''; Indonesian for ''Tears Flow in Citarum'') is a 1948 film from what is now Indonesia, written and directed by Roestam Sutan Palindih for the Tan & Wong Bros ...
''". Roekiah's films were screened regularly, but most are now lost. Movies were then shot on flammable
nitrate film
Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, pyroxylin and flash string, depending on form) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to a mixture of nitric acid and ...
, and after a fire destroyed much of Produksi Film Negara's warehouse in 1952, old films shot on nitrate film stock were deliberately destroyed. Of Roekiah's œuvre, JB Kristanto's ''Katalog Film Indonesia'' only records ''Koeda Sembrani'' as being stored at Indonesia's film archive,
Sinematek Indonesia
Sinematek Indonesia, or Sinematek for short, is a film archive located in Jakarta. Established in 1975 by Misbach Yusa Biran and Asrul Sani, the archive was the first in Southeast Asia, and remains the only one in Indonesia. It is home to rou ...
.
Writings about Roekiah after her death often cite her as an idol of Indonesia's film industry. Imanjaya describes her as one of the industry's first beauty icons; he also credits her and Rd Mocthar with introducing the concept of
bankable stars to domestic cinema. ''Moderna'' magazine, in 1969, wrote that "in her time
oekiahreached a level of popularity which, one could say, has not been seen since". In 1977 ''Keluarga'' magazine styled her one of Indonesia's "pioneering film stars", writing that hers was "a natural talent, a combination of her personality and the tenderness and beauty of her face, always filled with romance".
Filmography

*''
Terang Boelan'' (''Full Moon''; 1937)
*''
Fatima
Fāṭima bint Muḥammad ( ar, فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت مُحَمَّد}, 605/15–632 CE), commonly known as Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ (), was the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his wife Khadija. Fatima's husband was Ali, t ...
'' (1938)
*''
Gagak Item'' (''Black Raven''; 1939)
*''
Siti Akbari'' (1940)
*''
Sorga Ka Toedjoe
''Sorga Ka Toedjoe'' (; vernacular Malay for ''Seventh Heaven''; also advertised under the Dutch title ''In Den Zevenden Hemel'') is a 1940 film from the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) directed by Joshua and Othniel Wong for Tan' ...
'' (''Seventh Heaven''; 1940)
*''
Roekihati
''Roekihati'' is a 1940 film from the Dutch East Indies. Directed by the brothers Joshua and Othniel Wong and produced by Tan's Film, it follows a young village woman who goes to the city and encounters various difficulties. Targeted at lower-cl ...
'' (1940)
*''
Poesaka Terpendam'' (''Buried Treasure''; 1941)
*''
Koeda Sembrani'' (''The Enchanted Horse''; 1942)
*''Ke Seberang'' (''To the Other Side''; 1944; short film)
Explanatory notes
References
Works cited
*
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*
*
*
*
*
* (book acquired from the collection of Museum Tamansiswa Dewantara Kirti Griya, Yogyakarta)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Roekiah
1917 births
1945 deaths
20th-century Indonesian actresses
20th-century Indonesian women singers
Actresses of the Dutch East Indies
Indonesian child actresses
Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan
Indonesian film actresses
Indonesian people of Malay descent
Indonesian stage actresses
Malay people
People from Bandung
Sundanese people