''Roccella tinctoria'' is a lichenised
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
of
fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the genus ''
Roccella'',
homotypic synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently ...
of ''Lecanora tinctoria'' (DC.) Czerwiak., 1849. It was first described by
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
Augustin Pyramus (or Pyrame) de Candolle (, , ; 4 February 17789 September 1841) was a Swiss people, Swiss botany, botanist. René Louiche Desfontaines launched de Candolle's botanical career by recommending him at a herbarium. Within a couple ...
in 1805. It has the following
varieties
Variety may refer to:
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* Variety (radio)
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Films
* ''Variety'' (1925 film), a German silent film directed by Ewald Andre Dupont
* ''Variety'' (1935 film), ...
:
* ''R. t.'' var. ''portentosa''
* ''R. t.'' var. ''subpodicellata''
* ''R. t.'' var. ''tinctoria''
and
formae:
* ''R. t.'' f. ''complanata''
* ''R. t.'' f. ''tinctoria''
Uses
It is used to make
litmus
Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper ...
, a mixture of several organic compounds.
Lichen has been used for centuries to make dyes.
This includes royal purple colors derived from roccella tinctoria, also known as
orseille. The process of making this dye was a secret and lead to the wealth of the weavers of
Grainville-la-Teinturière and the Rucellai family of Florence, whose family name is related with the Latin name of the plant, ''oricellum''. There has been speculation that the abundance of roccella tinctoria on the
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...
offered a profit motive for
Jean de Béthencourt
Jean de Béthencourt (; 1362–1425) was a French explorer who in 1402 led an expedition to the Canary Islands, landing first on the north side of Lanzarote. From there he conquered for Castile the islands of Fuerteventura (1405) and El H ...
during his conquest of the islands.
Orcinol, a natural phenolic organic compound, occurs in many species of
lichen
A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...
s
[Robiquet: �]
Essai analytique des lichens de l’orseille
��, ''Annales de chimie et de physique
__NOTOC__
''Annales de chimie et de physique'' (, ) is a scientific journal founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title ''Annales de chimie''. One of the early editors was the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier. Lavoisier, an aristocrat, was ...
'', 1829, ''42'', p. 236–257. including ''R. tinctoria''.
References
External links
*
Roccella tinctoria' at
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and th ...
tinctora
Lichen species
Taxa named by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle
{{Arthoniomycetes-stub