''RoboCop 2'' is a 1990 American
science fiction
Science fiction (often shortened to sci-fi or abbreviated SF) is a genre of speculative fiction that deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts. These concepts may include information technology and robotics, biological manipulations, space ...
superhero
A superhero or superheroine is a fictional character who typically possesses ''superpowers'' or abilities beyond those of ordinary people, is frequently costumed concealing their identity, and fits the role of the hero, typically using their ...
action film
The action film is a film genre that predominantly features chase sequences, fights, shootouts, explosions, and stunt work. The specifics of what constitutes an action film has been in scholarly debate since the 1980s. While some scholars such as D ...
directed by
Irvin Kershner and written by
Frank Miller and
Walon Green. It stars
Peter Weller,
Nancy Allen,
Dan O'Herlihy
Daniel Peter O'Herlihy (1 May 1919 – 17 February 2005) was an Irish actor. His best-known roles included his Oscar-nominated portrayal of the title character in Luis Buñuel's ''Robinson Crusoe'' (1954), Brigadier General Warren A. Black in ...
,
Belinda Bauer,
Tom Noonan, and
Gabriel Damon. It is the sequel to the 1987 film ''
RoboCop
''RoboCop'' is a 1987 American Science fiction film, science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen (actress), Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Dani ...
'', the second entry in the
''RoboCop'' franchise and the last to feature Weller as
RoboCop
''RoboCop'' is a 1987 American Science fiction film, science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen (actress), Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Dani ...
until he returned in ''
Mortal Kombat 11
''Mortal Kombat 11'' is a 2019 fighting game developed by NetherRealm Studios and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the eleventh main installment in the ''Mortal Kombat'' series and a sequel to '' Mortal Kombat X'' (20 ...
'' (2019), ''
RoboCop: Rogue City'' (2023) and other media; it is also the last film Kershner directed before his death in 2010.
Set in a
dystopia
A dystopia (lit. "bad place") is an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives. It is an imagined place (possibly state) in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmen ...
n Detroit, the plot follows RoboCop (Weller) as he becomes embroiled in a scheme made by Omni Consumer Products to bankrupt and take over the city while also fighting the spread of a street drug called "Nuke" and its gang of dealers led by Cain (Noonan). The film was shot on-location in
Houston
Houston ( ) is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the county seat, seat of ...
.
The film received mixed reviews upon its release and earned a moderate box office return, grossing $45 million domestic, compared to the previous film's $53 million gross on a significantly smaller production budget. It was nominated for three
Saturn Awards, including
Best Science Fiction Film,
Best Performance by a Younger Actor (for Damon), and
Best Special Effects (for
Phil Tippett
Phil Tippett (born September 27, 1951) is an American film director and visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design, stop-motion and computerized character animation. Over his career, he has assisted ILM and Drea ...
,
Rob Bottin and Peter Kuran). A sequel, ''
RoboCop 3'', was released in 1993. Miller would return to write the comic book sequel ''
RoboCop Versus The Terminator'' in 1992 and
Steven Grant adapted his original screenplays for the second and third films into the comics ''
Frank Miller's RoboCop'' from 2003 to 2006 and 2013 to 2014.
Plot
In a near
dystopia
A dystopia (lit. "bad place") is an imagined world or society in which people lead wretched, dehumanized, fearful lives. It is an imagined place (possibly state) in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmen ...
n future,
Detroit
Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...
is nearing bankruptcy after failing to pay off its debts to conglomerate Omni Consumer Products (OCP). The OCP chairman intends to have the city
default on its debt, then
foreclose on all public property so they may move ahead with their radical urban development project, Delta City. To rally public opinion behind the project, OCP deliberately underfunds the
Detroit Police Department to cause a rise in street crime. A new
designer drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests. ...
, Nuke, is sweeping the city, backed by a man named Cain.
RoboCop
''RoboCop'' is a 1987 American Science fiction film, science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen (actress), Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Dani ...
remains on duty with his partner Anne Lewis, and continues to be plagued by memories as his life as Alex Murphy. He locates the home of his widow and son and begins watching them until she brings litigation against OCP, but when she meets him face-to-face and is responsive to him, RoboCop claims not to know her and that her husband is dead. OCP attempts to develop a "RoboCop 2" using the brains of
legally-dead police officers, intending to mass produce them to replace human officers. However, all subjects kill themselves upon activation. Psychologist Juliette Faxx suggests that the error is the test subjects, and that Murphy was a success because of his strict Catholic upbringing and moral code, preventing him from committing suicide and reinforcing his devotion to his duty. Faxx begins screening suitable candidates for the project, but instead of police officers she secretly considers
death row
Death row, also known as condemned row, is a place in a prison that houses inmates awaiting execution after being convicted of a capital crime and sentenced to death. The term is also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting executio ...
inmates who desire power and immortality.
RoboCop raids a construction site used by Cain's gang, but he is ambushed and dismembered, and the pieces dumped in front of the precinct. RoboCop is repaired, but Faxx intentionally reprograms him with more than 300 new directives that severely impede his ability to perform his duties so that her project can be selected. RoboCop eventually clears these by shocking himself with a high-voltage transformer and rebooting his system. He convinces the police to aid him in raiding Cain's hideout, and Cain is heavily wounded and arrested and put in hospital care. Cain's lieutenant, a prepubescent boy named Hob, escapes and takes control of his empire. Believing she can control Cain via his Nuke addiction, Faxx selects him for the RoboCop 2 project and disconnects his life support. His brain is removed and implanted in a new cyborg body. Hob contacts the mayor and offers to cover the city's debt to OCP in exchange for leniency towards Nuke, and OCP sends RoboCop 2 to stop the deal. The mayor escapes but RoboCop 2 slaughters everyone else present, and RoboCop arrives and is told by a wounded Hob that Cain was the attacker before he dies.
The chairman of OCP presents an unveiling ceremony for RoboCop 2 and Delta City, and RoboCop 2 begins to go berserk when he holds up a canister of Nuke. RoboCop arrives and the two cyborgs battle, ending with Lewis using the Nuke canister to distract RoboCop 2 so RoboCop can climb on its back. He rips out Cain's brain and smashes it on the street, deactivating RoboCop 2. OCP decide to use Dr. Faxx as a scapegoat for the failure of RoboCop 2 but intend to move ahead with construction of Delta City. Lewis complains that OCP will once again avoid accountability, but RoboCop insists they must be patient because "we're only human".
Cast
Production
1987–1988: ''The Corporate Wars''

''RoboCop'' screenwriters
Edward Neumeier
Edward Neumeier (born August 24, 1957) is an American screenwriter best known for his work on the science fiction movies ''RoboCop'' and ''Starship Troopers (film), Starship Troopers''. He wrote the latter's sequels ''Starship Troopers 2: Hero o ...
and Michael Miner started drafting a sequel in September 1987 due to strong demand by Orion which imposed a deadline of December 31, 1987. Neumeir and Miner rushed the screenplay as they were also simultaneously writing for another Orion project, ''Company Man''; a film about the
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...
's involvement in the
Contras
In the history of Nicaragua, the Contras (Spanish: ''La contrarrevolución'', the counter-revolution) were the right-wing militias who waged anti-communist guerilla warfare (1979–1990) against the Marxist governments of the Sandinista Na ...
, it was planned to be directed by
Oliver Stone
William Oliver Stone (born ) is an American filmmaker. Stone is an acclaimed director, tackling subjects ranging from the Vietnam War and American politics to musical film, musical Biographical film, biopics and Crime film, crime dramas. He has ...
, star
Paul Newman
Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, race car driver, philanthropist, and activist. He was the recipient of List of awards and nominations received by Paul Newman, numerous awards ...
, and be released before the
next United States election.
Neumeier and Miner's draft, ''RoboCop 2: The Corporate Wars'', is set 25 years after the first movie. RoboCop, trying to stop a bank-robbery, is blown up by a thief. The titular protagonist wakes up in a new United States named AmeriPlex, consisting of upper-class "plexes" made out of former cities (e.g. NewYorkPlex, RioPlex, DelhiPlex) and many more
shanty town
A shanty town, squatter area, squatter settlement, or squatter camp is a settlement of improvised buildings known as shanties or shacks, typically made of materials such as mud and wood, or from cheap building materials such as corrugated iron s ...
s with residents named OutPlexers. He is revived in a now-abandoned building for the defunct Omni-Consumer Products (OCP) by two goons of a "super-entrepreneur" named Ted Flicker, who plans to make the national government a private corporate entity that he will own. Flicker also currently has a lot of control over the country, despite another person (who was a former comedian) being the president. RoboCop's new system is also the central computer system of AmeriPlex, NeuroBrain.
''RoboCop 2'' follows numerous subplots, such as Flicker's plan for domination, a violence-spreading narcotic named Smudge, the Internal Grid Security commander trying to commit genocide against the OutPlexers, and RoboCop's code being played with by an American scientist and a Chinese hacker. The script expands upon the first film's consumerist aspects; those in the high-class city plexes eat at LeisureGold where ServiceDroids serve them and make love with SexBots at various brothels; while the environment's media landscape is filled with "NewsBlips," mood-enhancing drugs ads, and MoonDog, a rapper from space, changing public opinion.
On March 7, 1988, a five-month
Writers Guild of America strike began and its length resulted in Neumeier and Miner being fired from the project for breach of contract. Additionally, the writers and Orion struggled to agree on a story, with the studio turned off by the gritty parts of Neumeier and Miner's draft. Stone also stopped ''Company Man'' to work on ''
Talk Radio
Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than outside music. They may feature monologues, dialogues between the hosts, Interview (jo ...
'' (1988), making Neumeier and Miner no longer involved at Orion.
1988–1989: Frank Miller's ''RoboCop 2''

In order for a sequel to still be possible, Orion had to sign a
waiver
A waiver is the voluntary relinquishment or surrender of some known right or privilege.
A waiver is often written, such as a disclaimer that has been accepted, but it may also be spoken between two or more parties. When the right to hold a ...
to develop other ''RoboCop'' scripts, and, before he was fired, Neumeier recommended two popular comic book authors to write them:
Alan Moore
Alan Moore (born 18 November 1953) is an English author known primarily for his work in comic books including ''Watchmen'', ''V for Vendetta'', ''The Ballad of Halo Jones'', Swamp Thing (comic book), ''Swamp Thing'', ''Batman: The Killing Joke' ...
and
Frank Miller. Moore declined the offer, citing a lack of interest in working on movies. Miller, who had become popular for his
edgy, "tragic hero" take on the
Batman
Batman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. Batman was created by the artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on M ...
character, signed on to the project after Miner and Neumeier had been fired. His script went through four drafts. While there had been no reports of Miller taking influence from Neumeier's script, ''The Corporate Wars'', both versions of the script have several things in common, including the concepts of corporate executives trying to buy out entire governments and highly addictive drugs causing mass violence.
Miller's first draft was less comic and had a bigger emphasis on
corporatism
Corporatism is an ideology and political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby Corporate group (sociology), corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, come toget ...
than the final film, with the last showdown pitting RoboCop against OCP forces instead of RoboCop 2. While ''
RoboCop
''RoboCop'' is a 1987 American Science fiction film, science fiction action film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Edward Neumeier and Michael Miner. The film stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen (actress), Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Dani ...
'' (1987) producer
Jon Davison praised its grittiness, "inventive action," humor, and politics, Orion rejected the script as "unfilmable" and brought in a screenwriter of the violent western film ''
The Wild Bunch'' (1969),
Walon Green, to re-write it. Cut material included backstories for Anne Lewis and the marriage between Alex Murphy and his wife Ellen. Miller later used his treatment as the basis for
his own series of ''RoboCop'' comics published in the 2000s.
Development
Davison had been reluctant to produce a sequel to ''RoboCop'', citing a skepticism of sequels in general. He believed that most sequels were worse than their predecessors, and he preferred to cater new properties to audiences of the first film. He was also forced to decide between producing a second ''RoboCop'' film, versus producing
Warren Beatty
Henry Warren Beatty (né Beaty; born March 30, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker. His career has spanned over six decades, and he has received an Academy Award and three Golden Globe Awards. He also received the Irving G. Thalberg Memor ...
's
screen adaptation of the ''
Dick Tracy'' comics. He ultimately chose to take on ''RoboCop 2'', saying that "''RoboCop'' is my movie and ''Dick Tracy'' is more Warren's movie". Director
Paul Verhoeven
Paul Verhoeven (; born 18 July 1938) is a Dutch filmmaker, who has worked variously in the Netherlands, the United States, and in France. He is known for directing genre films with strong satirical elements, often featuring graphic violence and ...
did not return, as he was working on ''
Total Recall'' (1990).
As with the first film, multiple directors rejected offers from Davison to direct ''RoboCop 2'', although for different reasons; Davison reported potentials were either concerned about following up Verhoeven's directing, or not wanting to direct a sequel.
Alex Cox
Alexander B. H. Cox (born 15 December 1954) is an English film director, screenwriter, actor, non-fiction author and broadcaster. Cox experienced success early in his career with ''Repo Man (film), Repo Man'' (1984) and ''Sid and Nancy'' (1986 ...
considered the project, but changed his mind after watching a screening of
the sequel to ''
The Exorcist
''The Exorcist'' is a 1973 American supernatural horror film directed by William Friedkin from a screenplay by William Peter Blatty, based on The Exorcist (novel), his 1971 novel. The film stars Ellen Burstyn, Max von Sydow, Jason Miller (play ...
'' (1973).
Davison first hired his friend
Tim Hunter, mostly known for ''
River's Edge'' (1986), to direct ''RoboCop 2'', citing his "realistic tone with actors" and "real dark sensibility" as reasons. However, Hunter left the project eleven weeks before filming began, citing a conflict between his vision of an entirely dark product like the first film, and Miller's more humorous script, which he called "tonally unfocused". He was replaced by
Irvin Kershner, who had previously filled in as director on ''
The Empire Strikes Back
''The Empire Strikes Back'' (also known as ''Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back'') is a 1980 American epic film, epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner from a screenplay by Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan, based o ...
'' (1980), and who shared Miller's vision. While Davison had made Kershner agree to not make changes to the script once shooting had begun, due to the state of the script and the tight schedule, Kershner found himself forced to work closely with Miller on editing the script as filming progressed. Kershner added more dialogue and discarded several new scenes that Green had added, in favor of the reworks that he was performing with Miller. Miller later said that he had only been willing to work with Kershner on revising the script, and that he had rejected multiple offers from other people to do this.
Orion Pictures
Orion Releasing, LLC (Trade name, doing business as Orion Pictures) is an American film production and film distribution, distribution company owned by the Amazon MGM Studios subsidiary of Amazon (company), Amazon.
It was founded in 1978 as Ori ...
asserted far greater control over the sequel compared to the original film, and frequently pushed back against input from Miller, Kershner, and the actors. Before the story had been completed, Orion announced a release date during the Christmas season in 1989, then later moved it up to early that summer, resulting in a rushed production cycle. Neumeier and Miner claimed that these decisions were based solely on business decisions and stifled creativity, and Weller said that the film did not have a proper
third act
The three-act structure is a model used in narrative fiction that divides a story into three parts ( acts), often called the Setup, the Confrontation, and the Resolution. Syd Field described it in his 1979 book ''Screenplay: The Foundations of ...
since Orion insisted that "the monster's going to be enough."
Casting
Initially, Orion was skeptical of casting Weller, under the reasoning that the audience would find RoboCop the same if another actor was under the helmet, similar to the titular character of Universal's ''
The Mummy''. Weller himself was also skeptical coming back; he disliked Neumeier and Miner's draft as a "cartoon" and lacking in tension, felt not "complete with the character" thinking "there was something else to say with it," and wondered if he should do months of training for acting in a RoboCop suit, or get paid for filming in the Caribbean for ten weeks. Ultimately, Weller returned for Miller and Green's new screenplay, and the fact that he would again work with mime Moni Yakim, who
developed RoboCop movements for Weller in the first film; he praised him as the "magic element" to solve all of a crew's problems. Additionally, Russell Towery returned as Weller's stunt double, with Weller more dependent on him than the first movie.
Allen, despite already having played a cop character in the first ''RoboCop'', still made preparations for shooting ''RoboCop 2''; she learned martial arts and spent two months of training at a Los Angeles police academy. Although Cain was originally planned to be a typical professionally-suited drug dealer, his actor, Tom Noonan, came up with the character being a former hippie, with the actor using his experience as one in the 1960s.
Filming
''RoboCop 2'' was chiefly filmed in
Houston
Houston ( ) is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the county seat, seat of ...
.
Kershner mentioned that Houston was an ideal location, due to the relative calmness of
Downtown Houston
Downtown is the largest central business district in the city of Houston and the largest in the state of Texas, located near the geographic center of the metropolitan area at the confluence of Interstate 10 in Texas, Interstate 10, Interstate 45 ...
at night. He also claimed that they were shooting in winter, and snow and rain would be an inappropriate climate for film production.
Jefferson Davis Hospital was used as the location for the Nuke manufacturing plant; it also served as the exterior of the police station.
The finale of the film was shot in the
Houston Theater District, near
Wortham Theater Center and
Alley Theatre.
Cullen Center was depicted as the headquarters of
Omni Consumer Products, while
Houston City Hall was shown in a scene in which Mayor Kuzak speaks to the press. The
George R. Brown Convention Center and the
Bank of America Center were also included in the film. Additional footage was filmed at the decommissioned Hiram Clarke Power Plant.
With Kershner's first few weeks spent storyboarding the visual effects during pre-production, the first month on ''RoboCop 2'' was night shooting, and
Vistavision
VistaVision is a higher resolution, widescreen variant of the 35 mm motion picture film format that was created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954.
Paramount did not use anamorphic processes such as CinemaScope but refined the ...
-camera background
plates for
Phil Tippett
Phil Tippett (born September 27, 1951) is an American film director and visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design, stop-motion and computerized character animation. Over his career, he has assisted ILM and Drea ...
's animated
special effects
Special effects (often abbreviated as F/X or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, amusement park and simulator industries to simulate the fictional events in a story or virtual world. ...
of the final battle scenes. A week spent filming a major sequence at an abandoned steel mill established how Kershner would direct the film's other scenes in terms of acting, lighting and camera movements.
The
second unit
A second unit is a discrete team of filmmakers tasked with filming shots or sequences of a production, separate from the main or "first" unit. The second unit will often shoot simultaneously with the other unit or units, allowing the filming s ...
was directed by
Conrad Palmisano and mostly shot in
Los Angeles
Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, although a stunt sequence by the unit was reported to be filmed near the entrance of the
Wortham Theater Center. It got so busy it was unable to produce all the shots Kershner wanted; this meant the director had to film with the unit for a few weeks.
A magazine article published at the time of filming described the environment on set as "hell on earth", with the cast and crew rebelling against Kershner's "obsessive finickyness" and "costly reshoots." However, this was debunked by Weller who said: "Kersh didn't delay anything, he's very, very instinctive - he had his mind made up, usually ahead of time."
[Cinefantastique Vol 21 No 1 (July 1990)] Kershner said: "I didn't shoot a lot of film at all. You see, if I'd tried to do a lot of coverage, I would never have finished. I would have been 120 days. I had to pretty much lock it in, piece by piece by piece, giving myself an out here and there, a variation, so I wasn't totally locked in. That way, I could finish. If I didn't do that, this would have gone on forever. I never would have gotten each day's work done."
Although, at the time, Allen praised Kershner for his creativeness and attention to detail, she later criticized the director as antagonistic, and ruining the humor and "heart" of the screenplay. Peter Weller was also critical of the script: "''RoboCop 2'' didn't have a third act. I told the producers and Irv Kershner up front, and Frank Miller. I told them all. I said, 'Where's the third act here, man? So I beat up a big monster. In the third act, you have to have your Dan O'Herlihy. Somebody's got to be the third act.' 'No, no, the monster's going to be enough.' 'Look, it's not enough!'" Despite the script problem, he enjoyed working on the movie with Kershner: "I had a good time making ''RoboCop 2'' but the script did not have the code, the spine, or the soul of the first one." Noonan also claimed to be "relaxed" and enjoying himself on set, where "everyone was incredibly nice," and found Kershner able to adapt with many location and script changes during shooting.
Effects
Phil Tippett returned from the first ''RoboCop'' to do the visual effects for the sequel, this time leading all the effects units. ''RoboCop 2'' was Tippett and Kershner's second collaboration, after Tippett worked at
Industrial Light & Magic
Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American Film, motion picture visual effects, computer animation and stereo conversion digital studio founded by George Lucas on May 26, 1975. It is a division of the film production company Lucasfilm, which Lu ...
for ''The Empire Strikes Back''.
Most of the RoboCop 2 design was created while Hunter was signed as director.
RoboCop suit designer
Rob Bottin, although not overseeing the process like in the first film, returned to produce a new suit for the second film. The first suit was dark chrome using
metal flake and various green, purple and gold colors to create a look made
iridescent
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear gradually to change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Iridescence is caused by wave interference of light in microstruc ...
and steel-like by
Jost Vacano's
fluorescent
Fluorescence is one of two kinds of photoluminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, many substances will glow (fluoresce) with color ...
lighting; however, since
Mark Irwin replaced Vacano for cinematographer and used conventional lighting, the second film suit (although using a black base like the other suit) looked light-bluer, so
iridescent
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear gradually to change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes. Iridescence is caused by wave interference of light in microstruc ...
colors were more directly applied with powder. Thanks to a bigger budget, the effects team had more time to paint and polish the suit, which led to Bottin's desired "show car" look he couldn't achieve in the first. With a lot of planning and fastener hunting, Bottin also built all parts of the suit to come on and off quickly so that it couldn't decay from the actor having it on too long, which was the case of the first film.
To create Cain's computer-animated face, Tom Noonan's face was laser-scanned to construct a digital model. The software Perform was used to animate this digital face in real-time, except from when Cain's face first emerges through a 'wall' of computer text, where keyframe animation and early computer compositing techniques were employed. For the death scene, deliberate errors were introduced into the raw data of Cain's digital face, creating the appearance of deformation and disintegration during animation. Once the preferred takes were selected, they were rendered on a high-resolution monitor, with each frame taking approximately one second to render. An automatic 35mm movie camera, positioned close to the monitor, captured each frame. The resulting 35mm film was transferred to
laserdisc
LaserDisc (LD) is a home video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium. It was developed by Philips, Pioneer Corporation, Pioneer, and the movie studio MCA Inc., MCA. The format was initially marketed in the United State ...
, allowing Phil Tippett's team to freeze individual frames and advance frame-by-frame. The laserdisc signal for each frame was displayed on a CRT-screen attached to the stop-motion model of Cain's robotic body, synchronizing them with the body's motion. A movie camera then recorded these synchronized frames.
Robocop 2 featured similar police cars as the first Robocop film using customized Ford Tauruses. However they did not reuse cars from the first film, but instead used a new batch of cars that were custom painted for the film in the Houston area at a body shop called Texas Custom Techniques, owned by Harold Day. (uncredited)
Music
The film score was composed and conducted by
Leonard Rosenman, who did not use any of
Basil Poledouris's themes from the first film, instead composing entirely new themes and
leitmotif
A leitmotif or () is a "short, recurring musical phrase" associated with a particular person, place, or idea. It is closely related to the musical concepts of ''idée fixe'' or ''motto-theme''. The spelling ''leitmotif'' is a partial angliciz ...
s. The soundtrack album was released by
Varèse Sarabande
Varèse Sarabande is an American record label, owned by Concord Music Group and distributed by Universal Music Group, which specializes in film scores and cast recording, original cast recordings. It aims to reissue rare or unavailable albums, as ...
.
The
glam metal
Glam metal (also known as hair metal or pop metal) is a subgenre of heavy metal music, heavy metal that features pop music, pop-influenced Hook (music), hooks and guitar riffs, upbeat arena rock, rock anthems, and slow Sentimental ballad#Powe ...
group
Babylon A.D. released a song called "The Kid Goes Wild", written by members Derek Davis, Vic Pepe and Jack Ponti. The song is played in the background in the middle part of the film, and it was also used to promote the film. The group created a
music video
A music video is a video that integrates a song or an album with imagery that is produced for promotion (marketing), promotional or musical artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a music marketing device intended to ...
featuring RoboCop targeting the band and having a shootout with some bad guys (footage of the film was also used).
Release
Marketing
To promote the film, RoboCop made a guest appearance at
WCW's
pay-per-view
Pay-per-view (PPV) is a type of pay television or webcast service that enables a viewer to pay to watch individual events via private telecast.
Events can be purchased through a multichannel television platform using their electronic program ...
event
Capital Combat, where he rescued
Sting from
The Four Horsemen.
Home media
The film was first released to
VHS
VHS (Video Home System) is a discontinued standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes, introduced in 1976 by JVC. It was the dominant home video format throughout the tape media period of the 1980s and 1990s.
Ma ...
on December 13, 1990, and was later released to
DVD
The DVD (common abbreviation for digital video disc or digital versatile disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in Japan. The medium can store any ki ...
in 1998. The film first received a
Blu-ray
Blu-ray (Blu-ray Disc or BD) is a digital optical disc data storage format designed to supersede the DVD format. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released worldwide on June 20, 2006, capable of storing several hours of high-defin ...
release in 2011. VHS copies of ''RoboCop 2'' began with an anti-drug PSA starring an out-of-character Weller that announced the
Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a national organization of local chapters which provide voluntary after-school programs for young people. The organization, which holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code, has i ...
were where there was "no pot, no pills, no crack, no smack, no coke — no exceptions."
Reception
Box office
''RoboCop 2'' debuted as the second-highest-grossing film at the box office in its opening weekend. It went on to gross $45.7 million at the U.S. box office,
and additional $22,505,000 from video rentals.
Critical response
''RoboCop 2'' received mixed reviews from critics.
While the special effects and action sequences are widely praised, a common complaint was that the film did not focus enough on RoboCop and his partner Lewis and that the film's human story of the man trapped inside the machine was ultimately lost within a sea of violence.
In his ''
Chicago Sun Times
The ''Chicago Sun-Times'' is a daily nonprofit newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Since 2022, it is the flagship paper of Chicago Public Media, and has long held the second largest circulation among Chicago newspaper ...
'' review,
Roger Ebert
Roger Joseph Ebert ( ; June 18, 1942 – April 4, 2013) was an American Film criticism, film critic, film historian, journalist, essayist, screenwriter and author. He wrote for the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' from 1967 until his death in 2013. Eber ...
wrote: "Cain's sidekicks include a violent, foul-mouthed young boy named Hob, who looks to be about 12 years old but kills people without remorse, swears like
Eddie Murphy
Edward Regan Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He had his breakthrough as a standup comic before gaining stardom for his film roles; he is widely recognized as one of the greatest comedians of all time. H ...
, and eventually takes over the drug business... The movie's screenplay is a confusion of half-baked and unfinished ideas... the use of that killer child is beneath contempt."
The film "reset" RoboCop's character by turning him back into the monotone-voiced peacekeeper seen early in the first film, despite his reclaiming his human identity and personality by the end of that film. Many were also critical of the child villain Hob; David Nusair of Reel Film Reviews stated: "That the film asks us to swallow a moment late in the story that features Robo taking pity on an injured Hob is heavy-handed and ridiculous (we should probably be thankful the screenwriters didn't have RoboCop say something like, 'Look at what these vile drugs have done to this innocent boy')."
Janet Maslin
Janet R. Maslin (born August 12, 1949) is an American journalist, who served as a film critic for ''The New York Times'' from 1977 to 1999, serving as chief critic for the last six years, and then a literary critic from 2000 to 2015. In 2000, M ...
of ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'' wrote: "Unlike ''RoboCop'', a clever and original science-fiction film with a genuinely tragic vision of its central character, ''Robocop 2'' doesn't bother to do anything new. It freely borrows the situation, characters and moral questions posed by the first film." She further adds: "The difference between ''Robocop'' and its sequel,
..is the difference between an idea and an afterthought." She also expressed her opinion about the Hob character: "The aimlessness of ''Robocop 2'' runs so deep that after exploiting the inherent shock value of such an innocent-looking killer, the film tries to capitalize on his youth by also giving him a tearful deathbed scene."
''Variety'' wrote: "This ultraviolent, nihilistic sequel has enough technical dazzle to impress hardware fans, but obviously no one in the Orion front office told filmmakers that less is more." Peter Rainer of the ''
Los Angeles Times
The ''Los Angeles Times'' is an American Newspaper#Daily, daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California, in 1881. Based in the Greater Los Angeles city of El Segundo, California, El Segundo since 2018, it is the List of new ...
'' panned the film.
Jay Scott, of ''
The Globe and Mail
''The Globe and Mail'' is a Newspapers in Canada, Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in Western Canada, western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of more than 6 million in 2024, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on week ...
'', was one of the few prominent critics who admired the film calling it a "sleek and clever sequel. For fans of violent but clever action films, ''RoboCop 2'' may be the sultry season's best bet: you get the gore of ''
Total Recall'' and the satiric smarts of ''
Gremlins 2: The New Batch'' in one high-tech package held together by modest B-movie strings. ''RoboCop 2'' alludes to classics of horror and science-fiction ''(
Frankenstein
''Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus'' is an 1818 Gothic novel written by English author Mary Shelley. ''Frankenstein'' tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a Sapience, sapient Frankenstein's monster, crea ...
'', ''
Metropolis
A metropolis () is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural area for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications.
A big city b ...
'', ''
Westworld
''Westworld'' is an American science fiction dystopia media franchise that began with the Westworld (film), 1973 film ''Westworld'', written and directed by Michael Crichton. The film depicts a technologically advanced Wild West, Wild-West-th ...
)'', for sure, but it also evokes less rarefied examples of the same genres–''
Forbidden Planet
''Forbidden Planet'' is a 1956 American science fiction action film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, produced by Nicholas Nayfack and directed by Fred M. Wilcox (director), Fred M. Wilcox from a script by Cyril Hume that was based on a film story by ...
'', ''
Godzilla
is a fictional monster, or ''kaiju'', that debuted in the eponymous 1954 film, directed and co-written by Ishirō Honda. The character has since become an international pop culture icon, appearing in various media: 33 Japanese films p ...
'', and that
Z-movie about Hitler's brain in a bottle. It's ironic that the directorial coach of the first ''RoboCop'', Paul Verhoeven, went on to ''Total Recall''; couldn't he see that the script for ''Robo 2'' was sleeker and swifter than Arnie's cumbersome vehicle? His absence in the driver's seat is happily unnoticed because Irvin Kershner, the engineer of sequels that often zip qualitatively past the originals (''
The Empire Strikes Back
''The Empire Strikes Back'' (also known as ''Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back'') is a 1980 American epic film, epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner from a screenplay by Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan, based o ...
'',''
The Return of a Man Called Horse'', and the best
Sean Connery
Sir Thomas Sean Connery (25 August 1930 – 31 October 2020) was a Scottish actor. He was the first actor to Portrayal of James Bond in film, portray the fictional British secret agent James Bond (literary character), James Bond in motion pic ...
–
James Bond
The ''James Bond'' franchise focuses on James Bond (literary character), the titular character, a fictional Secret Intelligence Service, British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels ...
of all, ''
Never Say Never Again
''Never Say Never Again'' is a 1983 spy film directed by Irvin Kershner. The film is based on the 1961 James Bond novel ''Thunderball (novel), Thunderball'' by Ian Fleming, which in turn was based on an original story by Kevin McClory, Jack Wh ...
''), has tuned-up the premise until it purrs."
Review aggregation website
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator, review-aggregation website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by three undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Senh Duong, Patrick Y. Lee ...
retrospectively collected 40 reviews to give the film a score of 28%, with an average rating of 4.70/10. The site's consensus reads: "A less satisfying rehash that generally lives down to the negative stereotype of sequels, ''Robocop 2'' tries to deliver more of everything and ends up with less".
On
Metacritic
Metacritic is an American website that aggregates reviews of films, television shows, music albums, video games, and formerly books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged (a weighted average). Metacritic was created ...
the film has a score of 42 based on reviews from 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Audiences surveyed by
CinemaScore
CinemaScore is an American market research firm based in Las Vegas. It surveys film audiences to rate their viewing experiences with letter grades, reports the results, and forecasts box office receipts from the data.
Background
Ed Mintz, who ...
gave the film a grade B−, on scale of A to F.
The film received attention in 2013 from news media, due to its plot predicting
Detroit filing for bankruptcy in the future.
Thematic analysis
Bryan Kristopowitz described ''RoboCop 2'' as a parody of its predecessor.
Politics and corporations
Kershner took the offer to direct ''RoboCop 2''. ''RoboCop 2'' continues the first film's
critiques on American capitalism, corporate power and its resulting militarization and other perceived negative impacts;
the city's greedy politics continue to benefit only a few, while other citizens have to face problems of crime, pollution, and infrastructure dilapidation due to inadequate restructuring and police strikes.
Unlike the predecessor which had a self-aware tone and was hopeful the human race would last due to its rebelliousness, ''RoboCop 2''s take on the corporate and political system is cynical, and more in the forefront of the story, with more staff of Omni-Consumer Products (including its CEO) becoming antagonists.
It also includes a few humorous pokes at
bleeding-heart liberalism, such as OCP recoding RoboCop into an environmentalist role model.
The creation of a second RoboCop to repeat the success of the original cyborg can be interpreted as a take on
companies making their older products quickly out-of-date in order to keep selling new ones, and RoboCop 2's uncontrolled murdering of humans showcases how corporate entities devalue human life to a variable in an equation.
More mock advertisements are seen, such as the MagnaVolt security system that electrocutes car thieves, and the Sunblock 5000, a blue-and-green skincare product which can cause skin cancer itself to prevent getting
skin cancer
Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the Human skin, skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells (biology), cells that have the ability to invade or metastasis, spread to other parts of the body. It occurs when skin cells grow ...
"ever since we lost the ozone layer."
Noonan's idea behind Cain being a hippie was that a love for sex and drugs and hatred for law enforcement (common aspects of hippies) were negatively impacting a 1990s' Detroit.
Humanity and masculinity
''RoboCop 2'' also elaborates on
Officer Murphy's remaining humanity and the tech's impact on it,
another reason Kershner wanted to direct; he found the conflict a symbol on real-life society becoming programmed and "roboticized" by outside forces unconsciously. Kershner's intention with ''RoboCop 2'' was to focus more on human depth and emotions and less on violence than the first film: "It's really the violence of the soul, the violence of human interaction that counts, and that's all there."
Weller summarized that the character, after "finding out" in the predecessor, is now "reaching out for ways to return to who he was." A scene depicts RoboCop spying on his former wife's home that brings back memories of his previous life; the
camera presents from his point-of-view in these set of memories, which end with Murphy seeing his human face in a bathroom, changing his expression from a smile to frown, and
match cut
In film, a match cut is a cut from one shot to another in which the composition of the two shots are matched by the action or subject and subject matter. For example, in a duel a shot can go from a long shot on both contestants via a cut to a ...
ting back to the helmeted face of RoboCop in the police car.
Fordham University
Fordham University is a Private university, private Society of Jesus, Jesuit research university in New York City, United States. Established in 1841, it is named after the Fordham, Bronx, Fordham neighborhood of the Bronx in which its origina ...
social professor Maxwell Guttman suggests that while having memories doesn't make RoboCop more human than any other regular cyborg, the addition of unnecessary, lengthy and conflicting directives by Dr. Juliette Faxx symbolizes how complicated human behavioral science is.
David Roche and Isabelle Schmitt-Pitiot interpreted mirror sequences in ''RoboCop 2'' and its predecessor as showing identity problems in the
hypermasculine figure, mourning the loss of a "natural" masculine identity; while the first film's sequence showcased a mixture of a fake human face and electronic parts on his head as him having a fragmented identity, the second film's memory scene showcases two separate identities, where the real human one is no longer a part of him. The re-programming of RoboCop's code and use of it for a different RoboCop also presents masculinity as changing, taking various forms, and revealing hypermasculinity to not be a good form in comparison to others.
Influence
Serial killer
A serial killer (also called a serial murderer) is a person who murders three or more people,An offender can be anyone:
*
*
*
*
* (This source only requires two people) with the killings taking place over a significant period of time in separat ...
Nathaniel White claimed to have found inspiration for his first murder while watching ''RoboCop 2'': "The first girl I killed was from a ''RoboCop'' movie... I seen him cut somebody's throat then take the knife and slit down the chest to the stomach and left the body in a certain position. With the first person I killed I did exactly what I saw in the movie."
Other media
Sequel
A sequel film, ''
RoboCop 3'', was released in 1993, with
Robert Burke replacing
Peter Weller as RoboCop.
Video game
A video game set between ''RoboCop 2'' and ''RoboCop 3'', ''
RoboCop: Rogue City'', was released in 2023, with
Peter Weller reprising his role.
Novelization
A
mass market paperback novelization
A novelization (or novelisation) is a derivative novel that adapts the story of a work created for another medium, such as a film, TV series, stage play, comic book, or video game. Film novelizations were particularly popular before the advent ...
by
Ed Naha
Ed Naha (born June 10, 1950) is an American science fiction and mystery writer and producer. His first known publication was artwork that appeared in the first issue of ''Modern Monsters'' magazine, dated June 1966.
Education and early career ...
, ''RoboCop 2: A Novel'', was published by
Jove Books
Jove Books, formerly known as Pyramid Books, is an American paperback and eBook publishing imprint, founded as an independent paperback house in 1949 by Almat Magazine Publishers (also known as Almat Publishing Corporation) (Alfred R. Plaine an ...
.
Marvel Comics
Marvel Comics is a New York City–based comic book publishing, publisher, a property of the Walt Disney Company since December 31, 2009, and a subsidiary of Disney Publishing Worldwide since March 2023. Marvel was founded in 1939 by Martin G ...
produced a three-issue adaptation of the film by Alan Grant. Like the novelization, the comic book series includes scenes omitted from the finished movie.
Comic books
Frank Miller's original screenplay for ''RoboCop 2'' was turned into a nine-part
comic book
A comic book, comic-magazine, or simply comic is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panel (comics), panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and wri ...
series titled ''
Frank Miller's RoboCop''. Critical reaction to the comic adaptation of the Miller script was mixed. Ken Tucker of ''
Entertainment Weekly
''Entertainment Weekly'' (sometimes abbreviated as ''EW'') is an American online magazine, digital-only entertainment magazine based in New York City, published by Dotdash Meredith, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books, ...
'' gave the comic a "D" score, criticizing the "tired story" and lack of "interesting action." A
recap
Recap may refer to:
* Retread a resurfaced tire
* Recap sequence
* Dividend recapitalization
* RECAP, archiving software for United States court documents
*'' The Recap'' album
See also
* Summary (disambiguation)
{{disambig ...
written for the pop culture humor website I-Mockery said: "Having spent quite a lot of time with these comics over the past several days researching and writing this article, I can honestly say that it makes me want to watch the movie version of ''RoboCop 2'' again just so I can get the bad taste out of my mouth. Or prove to myself that the movie couldn't be worse than this."
"Frank Miller's Roboflop"
, I-Mockery, March 31, 2008
See also
* List of American films of 1990
Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
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External links
*
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* Watch a 1990 "making-of" documentary about the production of ''RoboCop 2'' on the Internet Archive
* Watch the Robocop 2 workprint (alternate/unfinished effects) on the Internet Archive
{{Frank Miller
RoboCop (franchise)
1990 films
1990 independent films
1990s American films
1990s dystopian films
1990s English-language films
1990 science fiction action films
1990s superhero films
American independent films
American science fiction action films
American sequel films
American superhero films
Cyberpunk films
Films about cyborgs
Fictional portrayals of the Detroit Police Department
Films about amputees
Films about brain transplantation
Films about child death
Films about drugs
Films about terrorism in the United States
Films adapted into comics
Films directed by Irvin Kershner
Films produced by Jon Davison (film producer)
Films scored by Leonard Rosenman
Films set in Detroit
Films set in the future
Films shot in Houston
Films using stop-motion animation
Films with screenplays by Walon Green
Films with screenplays by Frank Miller (comics)
Films about juvenile delinquency
Orion Pictures films
Techno-thriller films
1990 science fiction films
English-language science fiction action films
English-language independent films