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Roberto Duarte da Silva (25 February 1837,
Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde Ribeira Grande (also: ''Povoação'') is the largest town of the Ribeira Grande Municipality on the island of Santo Antão, Cape Verde. It has become a city in 2010.


Career

Duarte Silva began at the age of 14 as an apprentice in a pharmacy. Later he came to Lisbon to work in the Farmácia Azevedo, and studied at the School of Pharmacy (Escola de Farmácia) of the
University of Lisbon The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; pt, Universidade de Lisboa, ) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal. It was founded in 2013, from the merger of two previous public universities located in Lisbon, t ...
, there, he also received his alma mater. For some years he lived in Macau and Hong Kong, where he founded his own pharmacy.http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article73551 He studied the compounds of
amyl Amyl may refer to: * Amylum or starch, a carbohydrate ** Amylopectin, a polymer of glucose found in plants; one of two components of starch ** Amylose, a helical polymer made of α-D-glucose units; one of two components of starch * Pentyl, a fiv ...
bases and
propylamine Propylamine, also known as ''n''-propylamine, is an amine with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)2NH2. It is a colorless volatile liquid.Karsten Eller, Erhard Henkes, Roland Rossbacher, Hartmut Höke "Amines, Aliphatic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of I ...
at the laboratory of
Charles Adolphe Wurtz Charles Adolphe Wurtz (; 26 November 181710 May 1884) was an Alsatian French chemist. He is best remembered for his decades-long advocacy for the atomic theory and for ideas about the structures of chemical compounds, against the skeptical opinio ...
, and achieved total synthesis of
glycerine Glycerol (), also called glycerine in British English and glycerin in American English, is a simple triol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. The glycerol backbone is found in lipids known ...
at a laboratory of
Charles Friedel Charles Friedel (; 12 March 1832 – 20 April 1899) was a French chemist and mineralogist. Life A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the Sorbonne. In 1876, he became a professor of chemistry and mineralogy at ...
. In 1863 he went to Paris, and taught analytical chemistry at the École des Mines de Paris (now the
Mines ParisTech Mines Paris - PSL, officially École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris (until May 2022 Mines ParisTech, also known as École des mines de Paris, ENSMP, Mines de Paris, les Mines, or Paris School of Mines), is a French grande école and a c ...
), the Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures (now the
École Centrale Paris École Centrale Paris (ECP; also known as École Centrale or Centrale) was a French grande école in engineering and science. It was also known by its official name ''École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures''. In 2015, École Centrale Paris mer ...
), and the École supérieure de physique et de Chimie industrial de la ville de Paris from 1882 until his death. Through these years he taught and was active in research, especially in the field of organic chemistry. Duarte Silva was presented with the Jecker Prize (''Prix Jecker'') by the
French Academy of Sciences The French Academy of Sciences (French: ''Académie des sciences'') is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at th ...
in 1885. In 1887 he became president of the
Société Chimique de France Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the se ...
. Among his students was chemist Charles Lepierre, who settled in 1888 at his suggestion in Portugal. A street is named in his honor in
São Domingos de Benfica São Domingos de Benfica () is a ''freguesia'' (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in northern Lisbon, São Domingos de Benfica is east of Benfica, south of Carnide, west of Alvalade, and north of Campolide. ...
, in Lisbon.


Legacy

Since 2007, he is featured on a Cape Verdean $500 escudos banknote. A plaque is commemorated at his former house in Ribeira Grande. The plaque reads in Portuguese, it is translated into English as "Here Roberto Duarte Silva was born, notable Cape Verdean chemist, 1837-1889".


References


Further reading

* Laurence Lestel (dir.), "Roberto Duarte Silva", in ''Itinéraires de chimistes: 1857-2007, 150 ans de chimie en France avec les présidents de la SFC'', EDP Sciences, Les Ulis ; SFC, Paris, 2008, p. 495-499 * Charles Lepierre: ''Centenário de Roberto Duarte Silva. Homenagem prestada ao mestre. In: Revista de chimica pura e applicada'' (''Centenary of Roberto Duarte Silva''), 3. vol., issue 12, 1937, no. 3/4, p. 97–107 (not evaliated) * Carlos Perreira
Roberto Duarte Silva: um notável da ciência, 82nd Edition
' * Sabrina Requedaz
Cap-Vert: Loin des yeÅ­ du monde
'


External links


Online biography
at the Portuguese Chemistry Society
Archive from Joaquim Salal ''Roberto Duarte Silva, grande cientista cabo-verdiano'' (''Roberto Duarte Silva, Greatest Cape Verdean Scientist
{{DEFAULTSORT:Duarte Silva, Roberto 1837 births 1889 deaths People from Portuguese Cape Verde University of Lisbon alumni Portuguese chemists Cape Verdean scientists 19th-century French chemists People from Santo Antão, Cape Verde Academic staff of Mines Paris - PSL