Robert Ryman (May 30, 1930February 8, 2019) was an American painter identified with the movements of

monochrome painting Monochromatic painting has played a significant role in Modernism, modern and Contemporary art, contemporary Western world, Western visual art, originating with the early 20th-century European avant-gardes. Artists have explored the non-represent ...

minimalism In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in the post-war era in western art. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary post-mi ...

, and conceptual art. He was best known for abstract, white-on-white paintings. He lived and worked in New York City.

Life and career

Ryman was born in

Nashville, Tennessee Nashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and List of municipalities in Tennessee, most populous city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the county seat, seat of Davidson County, Tennessee, Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, locat ...

. After studying saxophone at the Tennessee Polytechnic Institute in Cookeville, between 1948 and 1949, and at the George Peabody College for Teachers between 1949 and 1950, Ryman enlisted in the United States army reserve corps and was assigned to an army reserve band during the

Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...

.Guggenheim Museum Biography
Ryman moved to New York City in 1953, intending to become a professional jazz saxophonist. He had lessons with pianist

Lennie Tristano Leonard Joseph Tristano (March 19, 1919 – November 18, 1978) was an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and teacher of jazz improvisation. Tristano studied for bachelor's and master's degrees in music in Chicago before moving to New Yo ...

, which later informed his painting. At that time he was renting a room in the home of a Russian cello player. Ryman soon took a day job at the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

as a security guard to make ends meet, and met the artists

Sol LeWitt Solomon "Sol" LeWitt (September 9, 1928 – April 8, 2007) was an American artist linked to various movements, including conceptual art and minimalism. LeWitt came to fame in the late 1960s with his wall drawings and "structures" (a term he pref ...

and

Dan Flavin Dan Flavin (April 1, 1933 – November 29, 1996) was an American minimalist artist famous for creating sculptural objects and installations from commercially available fluorescent light fixtures. Early life and career Daniel Nicholas Flavi ...

, who were co-workers with him at MoMA. Captivated by the newly acquired

abstract expressionist Abstract expressionism in the United States emerged as a distinct art movement in the aftermath of World War II and gained mainstream acceptance in the 1950s, a shift from the American social realism of the 1930s influenced by the Great Depressi ...

works of

Mark Rothko Mark Rothko ( ; Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz until 1940; September 25, 1903February 25, 1970) was an American abstract art, abstract painter. He is best known for his color field paintings that depicted irregular and painterly rectangular reg ...

Willem de Kooning Willem de Kooning ( , ; April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. Born in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, he moved to the United States in 1926, becoming a US citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married pa ...

Clyfford Still Clyfford Still (November 30, 1904 – June 23, 1980) was an American Painting, painter, and one of the leading figures in the first generation of Abstract Expressionists, who developed a new, powerful approach to painting in the years immediat ...

Jackson Pollock Paul Jackson Pollock (; January 28, 1912August 11, 1956) was an American painter. A major figure in the abstract expressionist movement, Pollock was widely noticed for his "Drip painting, drip technique" of pouring or splashing liquid household ...

and

Barnett Newman Barnett Newman (January 29, 1905 – July 4, 1970) was an American painter. He has been critically regarded as one of the major figures of abstract expressionism, and one of the foremost color field painters. His paintings explore the sense ...

, Ryman became curious about the act of painting. From 1953 to 1960, he worked at the MoMA as a guard in order to be close to painting. He purchased some art supplies at a local store and began experimenting in his apartment in 1953. Ryman had a close relationship with the conservator Orrin Riley, who would frequently give him advice on archival materials, many times testing the acidity of media the artist was interested in using. He was interviewed by the television writer and producer Barbaralee Diamonstein twice, once for the book and video production ''Inside New York's Art World'' in 1979 and again for ''Inside the Art World'' in 1994. In 2009 he participated in the art project ''Find Me'', by Gema Alava, in company of artists

Lawrence Weiner Lawrence Charles Weiner (February 10, 1942December 2, 2021) was an artist born and raised in New York City. One of the central figures in the formation of Conceptual Art in the 1960s, Lawrence Weiner explored the potentials of language as a scu ...

, Merrill Wagner and Paul Kos. His most famous quote is "There is never any question of ''what'' to paint only ''how'' to paint." In 1961 the artist married art historian

Lucy Lippard Lucy Rowland Lippard (born April 14, 1937) is an American writer, art critic, activist, and curator. Lippard was among the first writers to argue for the " dematerialization" at work in conceptual art and was an early champion of feminist art. ...

. They had a son together, Ethan Ryman, in 1964, who was first a sound engineer and now an artist. The marriage ended in divorce. In 1969 he married artist Merrill Wagner. Robert Ryman's sons from his second marriage, Cordy Ryman and Will Ryman, are also artists and currently work in New York City. Ryman died on February 8, 2019, at the age of 88.

Work

Painting

Ryman was often classified as a

minimalist In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in the post-war era in western art. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary post-mi ...

, but he preferred to be known as a "realist", explaining he was not interested in creating illusions, but only in presenting the materials he used in compositions at their face value. As he wrote in a statement for a 2010 exhibition at

Pace Wildenstein The Pace Gallery is a contemporary art, contemporary and modern art, modern art gallery with 9 locations worldwide. It was founded in Boston by Arne Glimcher in 1960. His son, Marc Glimcher, is now president and CEO. Pace Gallery operates in New ...

, "I am not a picture painter. I work with real light and space, and since real light is an important aspect of the paintings, it always presents some problems." The majority of his works feature

-influenced brushwork in white or off-white paint on square canvas or metal surfaces. A lifelong experimenter with media, Ryman painted and/or drew on canvas,

linen Linen () is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. Linen is very strong and absorbent, and it dries faster than cotton. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. Lin ...

, steel, aluminum,

plexiglas Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate. It is a transparent thermoplastic, used as an engineering plastic. PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and bra ...

, lumasite,

vinyl Vinyl may refer to: Chemistry * Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a particular vinyl polymer * Vinyl cation, a type of carbocation * Vinyl group, a broad class of organic molecules in chemistry * Vinyl polymer, a group of polymers derived from vinyl ...

, fiberglass, corrugated paper,

burlap Hessian (, ), burlap in North America, or crocus in Jamaica and the wider Caribbean, is a woven fabric made of vegetable fibres, usually the skin of the jute plant or sisal leaves. It is generally used (in the crude tow form known as gunny) ...

, newsprint, wallpaper,

jute Jute ( ) is a long, rough, shiny bast fibre that can be Spinning (textiles), spun into coarse, strong threads. It is produced from flowering plants in the genus ''Corchorus'', of the mallow family Malvaceae. The primary source of the fiber is ...

sacking, fiberplate, a composite material called gator board, feather board, handmade paper, and acrilivin. He used painted and/or drew with oil, acrylic, encaustic, Lascaux acrylic,

casein Casein ( , from Latin ''caseus'' "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (CSN1S1, αS1, aS2, CSN2, β, K-casein, κ) that are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of ...

, enamel, pastel, oil pastel,

graphite Graphite () is a Crystallinity, crystalline allotrope (form) of the element carbon. It consists of many stacked Layered materials, layers of graphene, typically in excess of hundreds of layers. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable ...

, guache, and enamelac. By the time Ryman began working, older artists like

, and

Philip Guston Philip Guston (born Phillip Goldstein, June 27, 1913 – June 7, 1980) was a Canadian American painter, printmaker, muralist and draftsman. "Guston worked in a number of artistic modes, from Renaissance-inspired figuration to formally accomplis ...

had already reduced painting to its essences. In 1955 Ryman began what he considered to be his earliest professional work, a largely monochrome painting titled ''Orange Painting'' (1955–59).Robert Ryman
Guggenheim Collection. In 1968-69 he created his ''Classico'' series of compositions consisting of multi-panel paintings on a specific type of paper called Classico. For each work in the series, Ryman attached a configuration of heavy, creamy white sheets of the paper to a wall with masking tape, painted the sheets with a shiny white acrylic paint, removed the tape when the sheets were dry, mounted them on foamcore, and reattached them to the wall. The built-up paint edge tracing the outline of masking tape and the ripped paper left behind give witness to the process of creation. The various works in the ''Classico'' series differ in the organization of paper sheets, the configuration of tape traces, and the painted shape. Just as the ''Classico'' works were titled after the type of paper used as a medium, the so-called ''Surface Veil'' works from 1970 were named for the brand of fiberglass upon which the smaller pieces in this group were painted. Some of the 12-foot square paintings from the series were executed not on fiber-glass but on cotton or linen. In each of these works the pigment appears to form a membrane over the support due to the differing degrees of opacity and translucence in the white paint juxtaposed with areas where less of it has been applied, leaving the fabric exposed. These disruptions in the painting’s skin often mark the literal pauses between the artist’s working sessions. From around 1975 until 2003, Ryman often affixed his paintings to the wall with metal brackets. He would design each set of brackets specifically for each piece and have them constructed by a local metals fabricator.

Prints and Drawings

Although Ryman is most known for his paintings, he also experimented with printmaking creating etchings,

aquatint Aquatint is an intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching that produces areas of tone rather than lines. For this reason it has mostly been used in conjunction with etching, to give both lines and shaded tone. It has also been used ...

lithograph Lithography () is a planographic method of printing originally based on the miscibility, immiscibility of oil and water. The printing is from a stone (lithographic limestone) or a metal plate with a smooth surface. It was invented in 1796 by ...

s, silkscreens and relief prints. Like his paintings, his prints are readily identifiable by their predominantly square monochromatic surfaces exploring the values, textures and effects of various whites and other colors printed on paper and aluminum. His prints and works on paper, have not yet been given the same attention, but his approach to making prints and drawings is the same. Working with the particular characteristics of each medium and process, Ryman, from 1969 onwards, explored new territory of making editions, all with a minimum of materials. In his printmaking, Ryman sought to control the texture of his surfaces in ways that he would continue to explore for the rest of his career. As in his paintings, his prints require viewers to pay attention, look closely and observe subtleties. Ryman’s prints both challenge a viewer and reward close looking. He stated that his titles were meaningless, and that they only existed as a form of identification. Ryman actually preferred the term of "name" for an artwork instead of a title because he was not creating a picture or making reference to anything except the media and the materials. The "names" of his works often come from the names of art supplies, companies, or are just general words that do not carry specific connotation.

Exhibitions

Ryman had his first solo show at the Paul Bianchini Gallery in New York City in 1967 at the age of 36. His first show in Europe came the following year at the Galerie

Heiner Friedrich Heiner Friedrich (born April 14, 1938, in Stettin) is an art dealer and collector of minimal art and conceptual art.Kunsthalle Bern The Kunsthalle Bern is a ''Kunsthalle'' (art exposition hall) on the Helvetiaplatz in Bern, Switzerland. It was built in 1917–1918 by the Kunsthalle Bern Association and opened on October 5, 1918. Since then, it has been the site of numerous ex ...

. His first solo show at a museum was in 1972 at the

Guggenheim Museum The Guggenheim Museums are a group of museums in different parts of the world established (or proposed to be established) by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. Museums in this group include: * The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, Ne ...

in New York City, displaying thirty-eight of Ryman’s works from 1965 to 1971. Ryman's works were represented in

documenta Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an Art exhibition, exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. Documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgarte ...

s 5 (1972), 6 (1977), and 7 (1982), in Kassel, in the

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...

(1976, 1978, 1980 and 2007), and in the

Whitney Biennial The Whitney Biennial is a biennial exhibition of contemporary American art organized by the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. The event began as an annual exhibition in 1932; the first biennial was held in 1973. It is considered ...

(1977, 1987, 1995). His first retrospective was organized by the

Stedelijk Museum The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam (; Municipal Museum Amsterdam), colloquially known as the Stedelijk, is a museum for modern art, contemporary art, and design located in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

, Amsterdam, in 1974. He was included in five shows at the Daniel Weinberg Gallery, including two solo exhibitions: ''Robert Ryman: Recent Paintings'' (1984) and ''Robert Ryman: Recent Painting'' (1994). In 1993-94, the largest retrospective to date of Ryman's paintings, curated by Robert Storr, was exhibited at the

Tate Gallery Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the UK ...

, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid, the

in New York, the

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) is a modern art, modern and contemporary art museum and nonprofit organization located in San Francisco, California. SFMOMA was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th-century art ...

, and the

Walker Art Center The Walker Art Center is a multidisciplinary contemporary art center in the Lowry Hill, Minneapolis, Lowry Hill neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The Walker is one of the most-visited modern and contemporary art museums in ...

in Minneapolis. Robert Ryman estate is represented by

David Zwirner David Zwirner (born October 23, 1964) is a German art dealer and owner of the David Zwirner Gallery in New York City, Los Angeles, London, Hong Kong, and Paris. His gallery represents over seventy artists. Early life and education Zwirner wa ...

Collections

The

Hallen für Neue Kunst Hallen may refer to: * Hallen Court District, Sweden * Hallen, Gloucestershire, England * Hallen, Sweden, in Åre Municipality, Jämtland County * Hallen A.F.C., a football club in Hallen, England * Hallen (surname), an English surname See also

, a former

contemporary art Contemporary art is a term used to describe the art of today, generally referring to art produced from the 1970s onwards. Contemporary artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world. Their art is a ...

museum in

Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; ; ; ; ), historically known in English as Shaffhouse, is a list of towns in Switzerland, town with historic roots, a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of Schaffh ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

(closed in 2014) had the largest public collection of Ryman's work, permanently exhibiting 29 pieces created from 1959 to 2007. In 2008 Ryman undertook a major reinstallation of his galleries at Hallen für Neue Kunst. Returning to the museum in 2008 — for the first time in 12 years — to revisit the permanent exhibition of his work that was first installed in 1983, he decided to transform the galleries into a “Gesamtkunstwerk” — a synthesis, or total experience, composed of 32 paintings from 50 years of work. In 2017, Ryman donated 21 painting to the

Dia Art Foundation Dia Art Foundation is a nonprofit organization that initiates, supports, presents, and preserves art projects. It was established in 1974 by Philippa de Menil, the daughter of Houston arts patron Dominique de Menil and an heiress to the Schlumbe ...

’s permanent collection, making it the only site with an extensive permanent grouping, featuring works made as early as the late 1950s and continuing up to 2003.Randy Kennedy (April 12, 2017)
Ryman, Minimalist Master, Donates Trove to Dia Art Foundation
''

New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

''. Other major museums collecting his works include the

, New York; the

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the UK ...

, London; the

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

and the

in Amsterdam.

Recognition and reception

A recipient of numerous honors, Ryman was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Scholarship (1973), the Skowhegan Medal from the

Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture The Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture is an artists residency located in Madison, Maine, just outside of Skowhegan. Every year, the program accepts online applications from emerging artists from November through January, and selects 65 ...

(1985). He was a member of the

American Academy of Arts and Letters The American Academy of Arts and Letters is a 300-member honor society whose goal is to "foster, assist, and sustain excellence" in American literature, Music of the United States, music, and Visual art of the United States, art. Its fixed number ...

after 1994, and assumed the role of the organization’s Vice President in 2003. In 2005, Ryman was awarded the

Praemium Imperiale Prince Takamatsu The Praemium Imperiale () is an international art prize inaugurated in 1988 and awarded since 1989 by the Imperial family of Japan on behalf of the Japan Art Association in the fields of painting, sculpture, architecture, mu ...

. 2009 saw the publication of ''Robert Ryman: Critical Texts Since 1967'', edited by Vittorio Colaizzi and

Karsten Schubert Karsten Schubert (12 August 1961 – 30 July 2019) was a German art dealer and publisher working in London. Career Before opening his own gallery, Schubert worked at the Lisson Gallery. Karsten Schubert London Schubert ran Karsten Schubert Lon ...

and published by

Ridinghouse Ridinghouse was founded in 1995 as a British book publisher specialising in art. Company history Ridinghouse was established by Karsten Schubert (with Charles Asprey and Thomas Dane) as a stand-alone publisher alongside its founders' gallery a ...

. The book charts the gradual evolution of the reception of and reaction to Ryman’s art. A comprehensive selection of over 60 essays and exhibition reviews has been collated into one volume, including texts by some of the most influential art historians and critics of their time;

Yve-Alain Bois Yve-Alain Bois (born April 16, 1952) is a professor emeritus of Art History at the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Education Bois received an M.A. from the École Pratique des Hautes É ...

, Donald B. Kuspit, Lucy R. Lippard, Robert Storr and others. Ryman's painting ''Bridge'' (1980) sold for $20.6 million at a

Christie's Christie's is a British auction house founded in 1766 by James Christie (auctioneer), James Christie. Its main premises are on King Street, St James's in London, and it has additional salerooms in New York, Paris, Hong Kong, Milan, Geneva, Shan ...

auction in 2015. In 2024, Ryman had a retrosepective called ''Robert Ryman: The Act of Looking'' at the Musée de l’Orangerie in Paris. Robert Ryman's estate is represented by

and

Xavier Hufkens Xavier Hufkens Gallery is a contemporary art gallery founded by Belgian art dealer Xavier Hufkens (b. 1965). The gallery has three locations in Brussels and represents an international roster of some forty emerging, mid-career, and established art ...

Literature

* Waldman, Diane. ''Robert Ryman''. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1972. * ''Robert Ryman''. Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum, 1974. Text by Naomi Spector. * ''Robert Ryman''. London: Whitechapel Art Gallery, 1977. Text by Naomi Spector. Statement by Robert Ryman. * ''Robert Ryman''. Zürich: Halle für international neue Kunst, 1980. Texts by Urs Rausmüller and Christel Sauer. * ''Robert Ryman''. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée national d'arte moderne, 1981. Texts by Dominique Bozo, Yve-Alain Bois and Christel Sauer. * Storr, Robert. "Robert Ryman: Making Distinctions." ''Art in America'' 74, no. 6 (June 1986), pp. 92–97. * ''Robert Ryman''. New York: Dia Art Foundation, 1988. Text by Charles Wright; interview by Gary Garrels; technical discussion of new paintings by Garrels and Ryman; selected artist's statements and excerpts from interviews. * Christel Sauer, Urs Raussmüller (Hrsg.): ''Robert Ryman'', Schaffhausen 1991, * Christel Sauer, Urs Raussmüller (Hrsg.): ''Robert Ryman: Versions'', Schaffhausen 1992, * Storr, Robert. ''Robert Ryman''. London: Tate Gallery; New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1993 * Sandback, Amy Baker. ''Robert Ryman Prints, 1969-1993''. New York: Parasol Press, Ltd., 1993. * Yve-Alain Bois, ''Ryman's Tact, Painting as Model''. Cambridge, MA/London: MIT Press, 1995. * ''Robert Ryman Retrospektive mit Räumen von Ariane Epars, Clay Ketter, Albert Weis und Beat Zoderer''. Munich: Haus der Kunst; Bonn: Kunstmuseum; Ostfildern: Edition Tertium, 2000. * Buren, Daniel. ''L'Ineffable, à propos de l'oeuvre de Ryman/The Ineffable, About Ryman's Work''. Paris: Wide Open, Editions Jannink, 2000. * ''Robert Ryman''. Sakura City, Japan: Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art, 2004. Text by Robert Ryman. * Wylie, Charles. ''Robert Ryman''. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art; New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005. * Christel Sauer (Hrsg.): Urs Raussmüller: ''Ryman Paintings and Ryman Exhibitions, Raussmüller Collection'', Frauenfeld/Basel 2006, * Christel Sauer (Hrsg.): ''Robert Ryman at Inverleith House Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Raussmüller Collection'', Frauenfeld/Basel 2006, * Jean Frémon: ''The Paradoxes of Robert Ryman'', Black Square editions, The Brooklyn Rail, New York, 2008 * Suzanne Hudson, ''Robert Ryman: Used Paint''. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009. * ''Robert Ryman: Critical Texts Since 1967'', edited by Vittorio Colaizzi and

, London 2009. * Storr, Robert. ''Interview with Robert Ryman''. November 23, 2010. Excerpts published in: Pietropaolo, Francesca, ed. ''Robert Storr: Interviews on Art''. London: Heni Publishing, 2017, pp. 773–74. * Christel Sauer (Hrsg.): ''Robert Ryman and Urs Raussmüller: Advancing the Experience'' Hallen für Neue Kunst, Schaffhausen, Raussmüller Collection, Basel 2010, * ''Robert Ryman'', edited by Stephen Hoban and Courtney J. Martin. New York: Dia Art Foundation, 2017.
'Vittorio Colaizzi, ''Robert Ryman'', Phaidon Press, September 4, 2017'
(, ) * ''Robert Ryman. Les Cahiers de la Collection Lambert''. Arles: Actes Sud, 2020. Texts by Alain Lombard and Stéphane Ibars.

References

External links

The Greenwich Collection
— Robert Ryman's archive and estate
Robert Ryman
at

David Zwirner Gallery David Zwirner Gallery is an American contemporary art gallery owned by David Zwirner. It has four gallery spaces in New York City and one each in Los Angeles, London, Hong Kong, and Paris. History The Zwirner Gallery opened in 1993 on the gr ...

Robert Ryman
at

, Brussels
Biography, interviews, essays, artwork images and video clips
from

PBS The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Arlington, Virginia. PBS is a publicly funded nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educat ...

series '' Art:21 -- Art in the Twenty-First Century'' - Season 4 (2007).
Robert Ryman - the Guggenheim Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ryman, Robert 1930 births 2019 deaths 20th-century American painters American male painters 21st-century American painters American abstract artists Minimalist artists Painters from Tennessee Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Artists from Nashville, Tennessee Security guards 20th-century American printmakers 20th-century American male artists