Robert O. Collins

Robert Oakley Collins (April 1, 1933 – April 11, 2008) was an American historian of East Africa and Sudan. He published numerous articles and thirty-five books, including ''Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan'' (Yale, 1983), which was awarded the John Ben Snow Foundation prize for the best book in British History and the Social Sciences written by a North American. He worked as an adviser for Southern Sudan's High Executive Council (HEC) Regional Government in the early 1970s, Chevron Overseas Petroleum in 1981 to 1991,Collins was not altogether uncritical of Chevron's activities in southern Sudan. However, as Douglas Johnson somewhat wryly notes of J. Millard Burr and Robert O Collins' ''Requiem for the Sudan: War, Drought, and Disaster Relief on the Nile'' (1995), the book "makes no mention of the oil controversy as a contributory cause to the war. Chevron's contribution to famine relief is mentioned (pp.129-30), but not its support to local militias who helped cause famine. This admission is all the more surprising, considering that one of the authors was an adviser to Chevron for much of the 1980s and early 1990s." For a discussion of Chevron's support for militias and other human rights violations in Sudan, see and the US Government. Collins authored many background papers on Sudan and the Middle East aimed at policymakers and, in 1981, he testified before the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs.For example, he authored a policy paper titled ''The United States and the Sudan: a policy proposal,'' which was subsequently issued by the Center for Racial Equality and Democratic Opportunity (CREDO), an organization founded to "train black South Africans for diplomatic career and to contribute to hedevelopment of local and regional governmental structures." See And see In 1980 he was awarded the '' Order of Sciences, Arts and Art, Gold Class'', by Gaafar Nimeiry, the President of Sudan, for his long service to scholarship on the Upper Nile.

Robert O. Collins was Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Barbara, from 1965 to 1994. Among a wider public, he is probably best known for a book co-authored with J. Millard Burr, '' Alms for Jihad: Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World'' (CUP, 2006). In 2007, to avoid a libel suit from the Saudi billionaire Khalid bin Mahfouz, Cambridge University Press agreed to remove '' Alms for Jihad'' from circulation in British libraries and to destroy existing copies.

Biography

Early life and education

Robert O. Collins was born in Waukegan, Illinois, in 1933. His father, William George Collins, was a ceramics engineer and worked for Johns Manville. His mother, Louise Van Horsen Jack, was a nurse. Robert's elder brother, Jack Gore Collins (1930–2010), was Assistant Attorney for the United States Department of Justice in Portland, Oregon. His younger brother, George William Collins II (1937–2013), was an astronomer who taught at Ohio State University and, later, Case Western Reserve University.

Robert entered Dartmouth College in 1950, where he developed an interest in African history while browsing in the library there. In 1954, he completed his senior history thesis, ''Emin Pasha in Equatoria, 1876–1889'', and won a Marshall Scholarship for study at Oxford University. In 1955, while a Masters student at Balliol College, Oxford, he obtained a research grant from the Ford Foundation, which enabled him to undertake work on his thesis on the Equatoria Province. He first traveled to Sudan in 1956, arriving a few months after the county's independence, to carry out research in the National Records Office of Sudan. He obtained an MA in History at Oxford University during that year, and entered Yale in 1957. Collins was awarded a PhD in 1959. His dissertation, ''The Mahdist invasions of the Southern Sudan, 1883–1898'' (1959) was based on his MA research and published "virtually unrevised" as ''The Southern Sudan, 1883–1898. A struggle for control'' by Yale University Press in 1962.

Academic career

After intervals at Williams College (1959–1965) and Columbia University (1962–1963), Collins moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara where he worked for the remainder of his career as a Professor of History (1965–1994). His colleagues there included C. Warren Hollister, Wilbur Jacobs, and Roderick Nash. He also served as Dean of UCSB's Graduate Division (1970–1980), the Director of the Center for Developing Nations (1968–1969), and the Director of the University of California's Washington Center in Washington, DC. (1992–1994). In 1972, Collins chaired the University of California Library Task Force and wrote the committee's report, which led to the establishment of the Division of Library Automation and the Melvyl system. He retired from the University of California Santa Barbara in 1994. He continued to teach, write, and mentor students after his retirement. Collins collected documents, pamphlets, photographs, books, and other materials related to Sudan and East Africa; and, in 1997, he donated his substantial library and primary research materials to Durham University's Sudan Archive. Collin donated his diary relating to his work as a professor and university administrator to the library at the University of California, Santa Barbara. It describes the Isla Vista riots that followed the denial of tenure to Bill Allen, a popular Professor of Anthropology.For an account of the Isla Vista riots, see

Southern Sudan historical retrieval project

Collins made an important contribution to the National Archives of South Sudan by providing an early inventory of district files and filing systems. Following the Addis Ababa Agreement (1972), Enoch Mading de Garang, the Regional Minister of Information, Culture, Youth and Sports in Southern Sudan's High Executive Council (HEC) government, began work on an archive of Southern Sudanese political movements. In 1976, Robert Collins traveled with his wife, Janyce, to southern Sudan, after being invited there by E.M. Garang to compile a report on ways to collect and preserve materials related to Southern Sudan's recent history as part of the ''Southern Sudan Historical Retrieval Project''. Collins consulted scholars and officials, visited the proposed sites for the University of Juba and parliament buildings in Juba, and made an inspection of files in Juba, Yei, Maridi, Rumbek, Gogrial, Aweil, Tonj, Yirol, Wau, and Malakal. Robert and Janyce were forced to remain several weeks in Malakal by an outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in the Nzara cotton factory, which spread to other parts of southern Sudan. Upon his return to Juba, Collins recommended that E.M. Garang expand the archives to include Southern Sudan's administrative records.

Alms for Jihad controversy

Collins co-authored '' Alms for Jihad: Charity and Terrorism in the Islamic World'' (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2006) with J. Millard Burr, a former State Department Officer who worked as a logistics coordinator for Operation Lifeline Sudan

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