River Neris

The river Neris () or Vilija (, ) rises in northern Belarus. It flows westward, passing through Vilnius (Lithuania's capital) and in the south-centre of that country it flows into the Nemunas (Neman) from the right bank, at Kaunas, as its main tributary. Its length is .

After passing through Belarus for , the Neris flows through Lithuania for a further .

The Neris connects successive Lithuanian capitals – Kernavė and Vilnius. Along its banks are the burial places of the pagan Lithuanians. At from Vilnius there is are old Karmazinai Hillfort and .

Dual naming

The reasons for the dual naming of the river as Neris by the Lithuanians and Viliya (formerly ''Velja'', meaning "big, great" in Slavic) by the Slavs are complex. Even in Vilnius, there are toponyms including both names, e. g. ''Neris'' remains in the riverside names of '' Paneriai'' and ''Paneriškės'' while ''Velja'' is a part of the name ''Valakampiai'', which means "an angle of Velja" in Lithuanian.Vykintas Vaitkevičiusbr>Mysterious Neris
''Šiaurės Atėnai''. 2005-07-23 nr. 758 In Kaunas, a part of the city by the Neris river, that was formerly a separate town, is also named Vilijampolė (Vilija + polis, that means "polis by Vilija").

Although it has been suggested that ''Neris'' is the primeval name of the river, while the name ''Viliya'' is of secondary extraction, the dual naming most probably emerged from the confluence of the rivers Neris (now known as Narač River, leaving Lake Narač) and Velja, in the historical Slavic/Baltic borderland, each ethnos choosing their own name for the river starting at the confluence. It is moreover evidenced by the fact that the name ''Neris'' was never used to name the river Velja up to this confluence. Therefore, it has been proposed that the Narač River had in fact been considered the upper reaches of Neris by the Balts in ancient times.

Some linguists, however, point to the fact, that Viliya in it upper part is not "big" or "great" at all and the name cognates with Lithuanian words velnias and vėlė. What is more, all the territory of upper Neris before the 12th c. was inhabited by the Balts, the archaeological .

Etymology of "Neris"

The name ''Neris'' is of Baltic origin, a cognate of the Lithuanian ''nerti'' generally meaning "to dive, swim downstream" as well as "to net, crochet". It is likely that the name had a more general meaning of "flow" or particularly "swift and swirling flow"V. Mažiulis, Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas, L-P, V., 1996, t. 3, p. 178-179 in early times.

Etymologically, the name is one of a class of hydronyms, widespread in the modern and prehistoric Baltic ranges; e.g., Lithuanian Narotis, Narasa (rivers), Narutis (lake), Old Prussian Narus, Nara near Moscow. These are related to Lithuanian ''narus'', "deep", and ''nerti'', "to dive".

More remote connections are obscure, although the root is believed to be Indo-European. There are a number of possibilities:

* Pokorny's 2nd ''*ner-'', "under" (''Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'', pp765–766);
*Derksen's *, o-grade * (''Slavic Inherited Lexicon'');
*A relation to the Greek god Nereus, which may be from *''snau-'', "to give milk to", in the sense of "flow" (Partridge, ''Origins'' (1983)).
* Another relationship of "Neris" with the Sanskrit word "Neer"/"Naar" which means water.

Basin

The total watershed area is , of which are in Belarus.

Basin within Belarus

The river is called Vilija in Belarus. Belarus's largest reservoir, Vileyka Reservoir, is located by Vilija, near the Vileyka city.

Right tributaries

* Narač
* Servač
* Strača

Left tributaries

* Ilija
* Uša
* Ašmianka

Basin within Lithuania

The watershed within Lithuania is Neries mažųjų intakų (su Nerimi) pabaseinis
(Basin small tributaries of Neris (including Neris))

Tributaries

* Verkė
*Vilnia
*Vokė
* Bražuolė
* Dūkšta
* Musė
* Laukysta
*Lomena

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