Rishton (, , , alternative spellings ''Rishtan'', ''Rishdan'', ''Roshidon'', previously called also ''Kyubishev'' by Russians) is a city in Fergana Region, in

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

. It is the administrative center of Rishton District. Its population is 34,800 (2016). It is located about halfway between Kokand and

Fergana Fergana ( uz-Latn-Cyrl, Fargʻona, Фарғона, ), () or Ferghana, also Farghana is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 320 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km southwest of A ...

. Main languages spoken in this area are Tajik and Uzbek.

Ceramics

Rishton is the most famous for, and one of the oldest centers of,

ceramics A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porce ...

in Uzbekistan. A fine quality reddish-yellow

clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...

deposit 1-1.5 meters deep and 0.5-1.5 meters thick underlies almost the whole Rishton area. The clay can be used without refinement or addition of other types of clay from other regions. Besides clay, the potters of Rishton extracted various dyes,

quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The Atom, atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen Tetrahedral molecular geometry, tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tet ...

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is usually defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural ...

, and

fire clay Fire clay is a range of refractory clays used in the manufacture of ceramics, especially fire brick. The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines fire clay very generally as a "mineral aggregate composed of hydrous silicates of alumi ...

from the surrounding the mountains. The special "ishkor" blue glaze is manufactured by natural mineral pigments and mountain ash plants. The Khoja Ilgor Mosque was built in 1905 by craftsmen Eshonkhon and Noribai.

Population

Recent studies of scientists have established that the anthropological type of

Uzbeks The Uzbeks () are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, being among the largest Turkic ethnic groups in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakhs, Kazakh and Karakalpaks, Karakalpak ...

and

Tajiks Tajiks (; ; also spelled ''Tadzhiks'' or ''Tadjiks'') is the name of various Persian-speaking Eastern Iranian groups of people native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Even though the term ''Tajik'' ...

was formed at the end of the I millennium BC in the valleys of the middle and lower reaches of the Sayxun and spread to the valleys of

Khwarazm Khwarazm (; ; , ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by th ...

and Zarafshon in the II-III centuries AD. The ancient ancestors of these ethnic groups were the Sakas, Massageteans, Tocharians. (according to Chinese sources yuezhi). The process of their formation was influenced by Turkic nationalities, nomadic from the north to the Interfluve, Persian-speaking tribes from the south of the Amu Darya at the end of the I millennium BC and at the beginning of the I millennium AD. Significant influence was exerted by Xionites, Kidarites, and Hephthalites in the IV-V centuries. In 1882, 17,970 people lived in the

parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...

(of whom 4,900 lived in the parish center of Rishtan), and in 1909, 21,811 people lived there (of whom 6,415 lived in the parish center). The population consisted of

, Sarts,

and Kyrgyz, among others. The number of

Russians Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...

according to these data did not exceed 10 people.

were the main population of the administrative center of Rishtan volost, Qala e Naw

village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...

, Kashkaryan village (Kashkaryon), the rest of the villages were mainly inhabited by Sarts,

and other various Turkicized Mongolian tribes, Turkicized Persian-speaking indigenous population, etc. In 1909 Rishtan parish was a part of Bashkir district, 21,811 people lived in the parish. In this table, in addition to the villages of Rishtan parish, there are some villages of Zadiyan parish, which are now part of Rishtan district.

Main sights

Khoja Ilgor Mosque is an architectural monument located in Rishtan (Fergana Region, Uzbekistan). It was built in 1905 and was constructed in the Islamic architectural style. The Hodja Ilgor Mosque is a typical example of the Fergana multi-column, frontally opened cultic building. It is currently a functioning mosque. Presently, it is included in the list of Uzbekistan's nationally significant cultural heritage sites.

Notable residents

Hanafi The Hanafi school or Hanafism is the oldest and largest Madhhab, school of Islamic jurisprudence out of the four schools within Sunni Islam. It developed from the teachings of the Faqīh, jurist and theologian Abu Hanifa (), who systemised the ...

scholar Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, the author of the book al-Hidayah, was born in this small town and grew up in neighbouring Margilan.

References

External links

* http://rishton.uz/ * http://www.euronews.com/2016/02/01/postcards-from-uzbekistan-the-historic-beauty-of-rishtan-ceramics/ {{Authority control Populated places in Fergana Region Cities in Uzbekistan