Richbod
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Richbod would first be documented as a monk in the
Lorsch monastery Lorsch () is a town in the Bergstraße district in Hessen, Germany, 60 km south of Frankfurt. Lorsch is well known for the Lorsch Abbey, which has been named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Geography Location Lorsch lies about 5 km ...
where he worked as a document clerk. After, he would be noticed and picked up as a student of
Alcuin Alcuin of York (; ; 735 – 19 May 804), also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin, was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Ecgbert of York, Archbishop Ecgbert at Yor ...
at the court of
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...
. Whilst under king he would rise to role of advisor and be awarded the titles of: Abbot of Lorsch from 784 and Abbot of Mettlach and
Archbishop of Trier The Diocese of Trier (), in English historically also known as ''Treves'' () from French ''Trèves'', is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic church in Germany.Vergil Publius Vergilius Maro (; 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the ''Eclogues'' ...
, whose
Aeneid The ''Aeneid'' ( ; or ) is a Latin Epic poetry, epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Troy, Trojan who fled the Trojan War#Sack of Troy, fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Ancient Rome ...
he was reputed to know better than the
Gospels Gospel originally meant the Christian message (" the gospel"), but in the second century AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sen ...
. In the recovered 'Letters of Alcuin' we see that the teacher would try and contact his student often however, Richbod would rarely reply:
''"Lo, a whole year has passed,''" he writes, ''"and I have had no letter from you. Ah, if only my name were Vergil, then wouldst thou never forget me, but have my face ever before thee; then should I be 'felix nimium, quo non felicior ullus.' And,''" he concludes, ''"would that the four Gospels rather than the twelve Aeneids filled your heart."''
The idea of Richbod showing clear preference towards Vergil over the Gospel or even his friends, was a controversial point as the stories of the Aeneid revolved around pagan gods and unsophisticated cultures (according to the Franks). This gave the impression that sympathising with the works of Vergil would be like sympathising with the pagans and barbarians, which was a very heretical accusation. It is also plausible that Richbod would contribute to the schools in Trier and in the court with this vast knowledge of Greek and Latin classics.


Involvement with the Lorsch Annals

Richbod's involvement with the 'Annales Laureshamenses' is disputed, as his name is never directly attributed to the Annals, however historians award him with writing this source for a number of reasons. First of all, the Annals would have specific details on Duke Tassilo III's exile that would only be privy to council members:
''" ..he Reviser could not risk a remark that might jeopardize its validity. The wisdom of his reticence is validated by the Lorsch Annals, written under Archbishop Richbod, undoubtedly a participant at Frankfurt, which contain the only independent reference to Tassilo at the great council ..''
Another point would be the fact that the Lorsch Annals would be written by a person who was used to the customs and works of the Carolingian Court which is reflected in the source. An interesting point about these specific Annals would be that the Latin used with have a number of errors, something that may have occurred if Richbod had commissioned the Lorsch Annals to be written by a scribe(s).
''" ..the author of the AL ad a. 8oo-8o1 fashioned the text of the annals not only on the basis of his own familiarity with the formulaic phraseology of the Frankish placitum, but also on the basis of 'official protocols' that were accessible to him for his report on the Roman Synod of December 800 and on the negotiations leading to the coronation of Charlemagne on December 25 ..''
Unfortunately, another coincidence that may link Richbod to the Lorsch Annals would be that the Annals finish in the year 803, less than a year before his untimely death in October 804. If we are to assume his death may have been to old age or illness, it would explain why he could no longer help with the creation of his project.


Other Key Points

* In 798, he drew up a response to the
adoptionist Adoptionism, also called dynamic monarchianism, is an early Christian nontrinitarian theological doctrine, subsequently revived in various forms, which holds that Jesus was adopted as the Son of God at his baptism, his resurrection, or his asc ...
heresy of Felix of Urgel. * Other than this, his actions as archbishop are obscure. In Lorsch, however, he transferred the dormitory from the north to the south and surrounded it with a wall. Furthermore, he surrounded the tomb of Saint Nazarius with a gold and silver lattice and a colourful new marble floor.


Death

He died in
Trier Trier ( , ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves ( , ) and Triers (see also Names of Trier in different languages, names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle (river), Moselle in Germany. It lies in a v ...
and was buried in the abbey at
Lorsch Lorsch () is a town in the Bergstraße district in Hessen, Germany, 60 km south of Frankfurt. Lorsch is well known for the Lorsch Abbey, which has been named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Geography Location Lorsch lies about 5 km ...
.


References


Sources

* ''Chronicon Laureshamense''. Mon. Germ. hist. Ss. 21, 352 * ''Epistolae Alcuini''. Bibliotheca rer. Germ. VI. Jaffé. ''epp. 13'' * Haarländer, Stephanie, "Ricbod" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 21 (2003), p. 502 nline version URL: https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd103115188.html * Hammer, Carl I. (2008). ""PIPINUS REX": PIPPIN'S PLOT OF 792 AND BAVARIA". ''Traditio''. 63: 235–276. . * Page, Rolph Barlow, "Letters of Alcuin" (1909), p. 73-75; URL: https://archive.org/details/lettersofalcuin00pagerich/page/74/mode/2up?q=richbod * Story, Joanna (2012). "Bede, Willibrord and the Letters of Pope Honorius I on the Genesis of the Archbishopric of York". ''The English Historical Review''. 127 (527): 783–818. . * Wallach, Luitpold (1956). "The Roman Synod of December 800 and the Alleged Trial of Leo III: A Theory and the Historical Facts". ''The Harvard Theological Review''. 49 (2): 123–142. . 804 deaths Archbishops of Trier German abbots 8th-century Frankish bishops 9th-century archbishops Burials at Lorsch Abbey Year of birth unknown 8th-century Frankish writers 8th-century writers in Latin {{Germany-RC-archbishop-stub