Richard Zander (18 July 1855,

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

– 28 October 1918, Königsberg) was a German

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old scien ...

. He was the father of surgeon Paul Zander (1884–1955). From 1876 he studied medicine at the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg () was the university of Königsberg in Duchy of Prussia, which was a fief of Poland. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant Reformation, Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke A ...

, where his influences were

Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer (born Karl Wilhelm Kupffer; – 16 December 1902) was a Baltic German anatomist who discovered stellate macrophage cells that bear his name. Academic career He was the eldest son of pastor Karl Hermann Kupffer ( ...

and

Ernst Neumann The trial of Neumann and Sass (; ), also known as the Kaunas Trials, was among the largest mass trials of Nazis in the early 1930s. The trial resulted in the convictions of the leaders of regional Nazi parties, Theodor von Sass, and other part ...

. He received his medical doctorate in 1881 and worked as an assistant at the institute of pathology in Halle and at the anatomical institute in Königsberg. In 1884 he obtained his

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy, Poland and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excelle ...

for anatomy and in 1892 became an associate professor.Zander, Richard
Biographisches Lexikon hervorragender Ärzte In 1912 he was named an honorary full professor of anatomy at the University of Königsberg. Until women were allowed to study medicine at the university, he conducted lectures for female students at the Institute of Anatomy. He also gave lectures at the Academy of Art.

Selected works

* ''Die frühesten Stadien der Nagelentwickelung und ihre Beziehungen zu den Digitalnerven'', (1884) – The earliest stages of nail development and its correlation with the digital nerves. * ''Experimentelles zur Entscheidung der Frage über den Zusammenhang von chronischer diffuser Nephritis und Hypertrophie des linken Ventrikels'', (1888) – Experiments to decide the question on the relationship of chronic diffuse

nephritis Nephritis is inflammation of the kidneys and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules. It is one of several different types of nephropathy. Types * Glomerulonephritis is inflammation ...

and hypertrophy of the

left ventricle A ventricle is one of two large chambers located toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in t ...

. * ''Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Hautnerven des Kopfes'', (1897) – Contributions to the knowledge of

cutaneous nerve A cutaneous nerve is a nerve that provides nerve supply to the skin. Human anatomy In human anatomy, cutaneous nerves are primarily responsible for providing cutaneous innervation, sensory innervation to the skin. In addition to sympathetic and ...

s of the head. * ''Die Bedeutung der körperlichen Uebungen für die Entwicklung des Körpers und für die Gesundheit'', (1897) – The importance of physical exercises for the development of the body and for health. * ''Die leibesübungen und ihre Bedeutung für die gesundheit'' (1900) – Physical exercises and their relationship to health. * ''Vom Nervensystem, seine Bau und seiner Bedeutung für Leib und Seele im gesunden und Kranken Zustande''. (Leipzig, Teubner, 1903) – The

nervous system In biology, the nervous system is the complex system, highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its behavior, actions and sense, sensory information by transmitting action potential, signals to and from different parts of its body. Th ...

, its construction and its importance for body and soul, etc. * ''Anatomie des Nervensystems'' (edited with Theodor Ziehen, 1903) in: "''Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen''" – Anatomy of the nervous system.International Catalogue of Scientific Literature: Anatomy. O.
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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zander, Richard 1855 births 1918 deaths Physicians from Königsberg University of Königsberg alumni Academic staff of the University of Königsberg German anatomists